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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷2_06(罗9:7-11)

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:丽燕姐妹

Epistle to the Romans Volume 2 Session 6《罗马人书注释》卷二第六讲

我们再读第9:6-8节: 这不是说上帝的话落了空,因为从以色列生的,不都是以色列人;也不因为是亚伯拉罕的后裔,就都作他的儿女;惟独“从以撒生的,才要称为你的后裔。”这就是说,肉身所生的儿女不是上帝的儿女;惟独那应许的儿女才算是后裔。

我们上一讲讲到这里。我们说英文翻译本的“thy seed你的种、你的后裔”,可能给人一个印象就是指整个族群的。但是我们也可以这样来理解:以撒必成为你的后裔“Isaac shall become thy seed”成为你的后裔、你的种and “seed” understood in this case in contrast with “Abraham’s seed”. 所以这样子来看,“以撒必成为你的种、你的后裔”,是与这里的“亚伯拉罕的后裔”相对照。所以,in the sense of true seed. 以撒必成为你的后裔的意思。

好,我们继续:If we take seed in verse 7b collectively,假如我们在第7节的下半的那个“后裔”认为是指群体,then the meaning is that in Isaac will your true descendants be reckoned as such and headlong take it。那么这个意思就是说,你的真的后裔是在以撒里面计算。If this is the intent 假如这个是保罗的原意,那么 the central thought of the passage, namely, that natural descent does not make children of God and of promise, cannot be suspended at this point any more than in the case of Abraham. 那么我们要注意,假如这个是使徒保罗这里的原意,那么这段经文的中心思想,就是说自然的血统不能使人成为上帝的儿女跟应许的儿女的,这个中心的思想不能够在亚伯拉罕或者以撒的身上有所例外,至少我们要坚持这一点的。

The meaning, on this supposition, will have to be 根据这个的设定,保罗的意思就是 that in reckoning the true seed from Isaac the same principle of differentiation would have to apply to Isaac’s seed as was operative in the case of Isaac himself. 我们必须这样理解,当从以撒来算真后裔的时候,同样一个区别的原则不单是用在以撒的身上,也要用在以撒的后裔的身上。That is to say 换言之, the collective “seed” are not those descended from Isaac 这个后裔的群体不是指从以撒的血统而出,but those “of Isaac” 乃是那些好像以撒一样的人 who like him are children of the promise. 是应许的后代、应许的儿女,他们是出自以撒的,真正的从以撒所生的。(下面是慕理的结论:因为这里讲了两个不同的看法,)But we may not be dogmatic to the effect that the seed in this case is collective 可是我们不能够武断坚持这里的后裔是群体性的,it may be singular and personal 也可以是指以撒一个人的。

罗马书9:8,9: 这就是说,肉身所生的儿女不是上帝的儿女;惟独那应许的儿女才算是后裔。因为所应许的话是这样说:“到明年这时候我要来,撒拉必生一个儿子。”

“That is 即使”中文翻译“这就是说” at the beginning of verse 8 在第八节一开始,中文是说“这就是说” means that what had been said is now explicated so further.意思是上文所说过的现在进一步解释。“The children of the flesh 按肉体的啊子孙”,中文和合本是“肉身所生的儿女” has the same import and extent as “Abraham’s seed” in verse 7. 这个和第七节“亚伯拉罕的后裔”是同样的意思,范围也是一样。“The children of God” has the same reference as children in verse 7,而这里的“上帝的儿女”就和第七节的儿女是同样的人。But now there is the additional definition 不过现在在这个定义上有另加的意义 whereby their identity as those brought into the adoptive relation to God is clearly indicated. 这个另外的意义,借着这个很清楚的指出他们的身份,就是他们被带进到上帝后嗣、嗣子的关系里面。

我们参考一系列的经文 refer to 8:16-17参考罗马书8:16-17:圣灵与我们的心同证我们上帝的儿女;既是儿女,便是后嗣,就是上帝的后嗣,和基督同作后嗣。如果我们和他一同受苦,也必和他一同得荣耀。Phil. 2: 15 腓2:15使你们无可指摘,诚实无伪,在这弯曲悖谬的世代作 神无瑕疵的儿女。上帝无瑕疵的儿女。

“The children of the promise 应许的儿女” are the same as the children of God 就是与上帝的儿女同义的,and this designation is placed in contrast with “the children of the flesh”.  这个就成为与“按肉体的子孙,就是肉身所生的”相对照了。The latter are those born after the flesh 后者是指按肉身所生的,but the children of the promise are those who derive their origin from the promise of God 可是那些应许的子孙是源自上帝的应许的。The promise in this instance is the promise given to Abraham 这里的应许是指赐给亚伯拉罕的应许,quoted in verse 9 第9节曾经引用经文 and drawn from Genesis 18:10 , 14 是引自创世记18:10和14节。(我们看创世记第十八章,首先是第十节:三人中有一位说:“到明年这时候,我必要回到你这里,你的妻子撒拉必生一个儿子。” 第14节:耶和华岂有难成的事吗?到了日期,明年这时候我必回到你这里,撒拉必生一个儿子。这个是罗马书9:9所引用的。)

Isaac was born in pursuance of that promise.  以撒是为了实现这个应许而生的。To that promise the faith of Abraham attached itself 亚伯拉罕的信心就是相信、就是抓住这个应许。(cf. 4:19-21 参考罗马书4:19-21:他,就是亚伯拉罕,将近百岁的时候,虽然想到自己的身体如同已死,撒拉的生育已经断绝,他的信心还是不软弱,并且仰望上帝的应许,总没有因不信心里起疑惑,反倒因信,心里得坚固,将荣耀归给上帝,且满心相信上帝所应许的必能作成。)

In the case of Ishmael there were no such factors . 而以实玛利的出生没有牵涉到这些的因素。He was begotten, conceived and born in accordance with natural procreative powers.夏甲怀他、他被生下来,都是按照天然的繁殖的能力。It is this radical difference in the birth of the respective sons that is summed up here in the word “promise”. “应许”一词就总结了两个儿子出生的彻底的不同。Isaac was a child of promise. 以撒是应许的孩子。

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This same criterion is used to define the differentiation that is maintained between those who are “of Israel” and the true Israel (verse 6),between “Abraham’s seed” and the true children (verse 7),between the children of the flesh and the children of God (verse 8),and between the natural seed and the true seed (verses 7 , 8)。保罗用同一个准则来区别(第六节)“出自以色列的人”和以色列(第六节),“亚伯拉罕的后裔”和真的儿女真的子孙(第七节),按肉体的后裔和上帝的儿女(第八节),自然的后裔和真后裔(第七跟第八节)。

In the sequence of thought, therefore, this word “promise” specifies that which is explanatory of the sustained distinction between the more inclusive and the restricted use of the various terms “Israel”, “seed” and “children”. 因此,从思路的次序来看,“应许”这个字是用来解释保罗一直在坚持的区别,就是一个广义的和一个狭义的,广义的和狭义的“以色列”,广义的和狭义的“后裔”,广义的和狭义的“儿女或者子孙”。

In each case 在每一处 the restricted use is defined by what is implicit in God’s promise. 那个狭义的都是根据上帝的应许和应许的含义。This brings us back to verse 6 这就带我们回到第6节:“But it is not as though the word of God hath come to nought ”.“这并不是说上帝的话落空了”。The “word of God” is God’s covenant promise. “上帝的话”是指上帝的约里面的应许。

It has not come to nought because it contemplates those whose identity is derived from that same covenant promise. 上帝的话就是祂的约的应许没有落空,因为祂的对象就是那些因为这个约的应许本身而设立其身份的人。The seed to whom the promise was given or, at least, the seed whom the promise had in view are those in whom the promise takes effect;应许是要给后裔,至少是考虑到后裔的,应许在这些的后裔身上实现; they are “children of promise”. 他们是应许的“子孙或者是儿女”。

罗马书9:10-13:现在我们进一步来到罗马书9:10-13: 和合本:不但如此,还有利百加,既从一个人,就是从我们的祖宗以撒怀了孕,(双子还没有生下来,善恶还没有作出来,只因要显明上帝拣选人的旨意,不在乎人的行为,乃在乎召人的主。)上帝就对利百加说:“将来大的要服侍小的。”正如经上所记:“雅各是我所爱的,以扫是我所恶的。”

新译本:不但如此,利百加也是这样:既然从一个人,就是从我们的祖宗以撒怀了孕,双生子还没有生下来,善恶也没有行出来(为要坚定上帝拣选人的旨意,不是由于行为,而是由于那呼召者),上帝就对她说:“将来大的要服事小的。”正如经上所记的:“我爱雅各,却恶以扫。”

10-13  In these verses appeal is made to another instance of the same kind of differentiation in patriarchal history. 在这几节里保罗述诸先祖历史的另外一次的区分,同一种但是另外一次的区分another instance but same kind of differentiation。The thesis being established, must be remembered, 我们必须要记得此处保罗在这里要证明的论点是 is that not by natural descent did the descendants of Abraham become partakers of God’s covenant grace and promises. 这个论点就是亚伯拉罕的后裔在上帝的约里的恩典和应许上有份不是借着天然的血统的。

This was proven in Abraham’s own sons in the differentiation between Isaac and Ishmael. 在亚伯拉罕的两个儿子以撒和以实玛利之间的区别这点就已经证明了。But it was not only in Abraham’s sons that this discrimination appeared; it enters also into Isaac’s own family。但是这个区分不仅仅出现在亚伯拉罕的两个儿子身上;也介入到以撒的家里。The argument of the apostle becomes cumulative as it proceeds. 保罗一点一点地累积他的证据。

There are new factors exemplified in Isaac’s family that do not appear in the case of Abraham’s sons 以撒的家有一些新的因素,这些因素并没有出现在亚伯拉罕的儿子们的身上的,and these considerations point up more forcefully and conclusively the differentiation that must be recognized in the fulfillment of God’s covenant purposes. 这几方面的考虑更强烈的指出当上帝实现祂约里的应许的时候,我们必须要看到的那些的区分或者是分辨。These considerations may be listed as follows. 我们要列出下面这些的考虑如下。

  1. 第一方面的考虑:If the discrimination which God’s covenant promise contemplates were exemplified only in the case of Isaac in the history of the patriarchs, then the proposition, “they are not all Israel who are of Israel” would not have as much ostensible support. 上帝约里面的应许在先祖的历史中假如只有在以撒一个人的身上显出他的区别的话,那么不是所有出于以色列的人都是以色列人这个命题这个概念就没有那么的明显的证据了。

It could be pleaded that 有人可以这样说了the promise,“In Isaac shall thy seed be called”, guarantees that the promise is to all of Isaac’s seed without distinction.“你的后裔都在以撒里面被呼召”这句经文就保证着应许是给以撒的所有的后代,没有区别的。The fact that differentiation becomes operative within Isaac’s seed shows that 但是上帝的区别在以撒的后代他的种里面也运行的,这个事实就证明 the same discrimination exemplified in the case of Isaac himself continues within his progeny. 在以撒本人身上所显出的区别,在他的后代也继续的显明、继续的运行的。

  1. 第二方面的考虑:Ishmael was the son of the bondmaid, not of the free woman. 以实玛利是由使女而不是由自由的女人所生的,是由夏甲这个使女所生的。The discrimination, therefore, appeared to reside in a natural factor 因此,这里上帝的区别似乎是根据一个自然的因素and this reason would appear to detract from the interest which is paramount in this whole passage, namely, the pure sovereignty of the discrimination which the covenant promise implies. 这个自然的因素就似乎偏离了整段经文的主旨了,就是应许的含义就是子孙之间的区别纯粹是来自上帝的主权。

This consideration connected with Ishmael as the son of Hagar is completely eliminated in the case of Esau and Jacob as the sons of Rebecca. 这个的考虑,就是以实玛利是夏甲的儿子,这个考虑在以扫和雅各,就是在利百加的儿子们身上完全就不存在了。The sons are of the same mother and she a free woman 两个儿子是同一个母亲所生,而且她这个母亲是自由的女人。This is still more accentuated by the fact that they were conceived by her at the same time and that their fetal development was concurrent. 这个更加由另一个事实显出他们是有同一个母亲、同时所怀的,在胎中的成长是同时发生的。

  1. 第三方面的考虑:Though Esau and Jacob were twins, yet Esau was the firstborn.以扫和雅各虽然是双胞胎,但是以扫却是头生的。The choice of Jacob went counter to the priority which primogeniture would have required. 雅各被神拣选完全违背了长子继承产业这个的优先权。This illustrated still further the sovereignty of the discrimination in actual operation. 这里就再进一步的说明这个区分在具体运作上上帝的主权。

我们下次继续讲完第四方面的考虑,就是在以扫跟雅各出生的事情上比以实玛利跟以撒的区别又进一步的再明显的说出神的主权。

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