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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_12a(罗3:21-24)上

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹

罗马人书注释1-8章。我们上一次来到第三章的21-23节。从第三章21节,保罗就开始讲论福音的好消息。因为从第一章18节一直到三章20节,他不断地在讲解上帝的审判——福音的坏消息。好了,现在我们来到第三章21节。我先来读第21-26节,给我们一个上下文的概念。

但如今,上帝的义在律法以外已经显明出来,有律法和先知为证。就是上帝的义,因信耶稣基督加给一切相信的人,并没有分别。因为世人都犯了罪,亏缺了上帝的荣耀,如今却蒙上帝的恩典,因基督耶稣的救赎,就白白地称义。上帝设立耶稣作挽回祭,是凭着耶稣的血,藉着人的信,要显明上帝的义。因为他用忍耐的心,宽容人先时所犯的罪,好在今时显明他的义,使人知道他自己为义,也称信耶稣的人为义。(罗马书 3:21-26 和合本)

21节:但如今,上帝的义在律法以外已经显明出来,有律法和先知为证。

新译本:现在,有律法和先知的话可以证明,神的义在律法以外已经显明出来,

21-23  Meyer contends that the “now” at the beginning of verse 21 is not an adverb of time expressing the contrast between two periods,解经家Meyer认为在第21节一开始那个“如今”或者“现在”不是一个副词来表达两个不同时期之间的对照,不是在讲时间上的先后,but that it expresses the contrast “between two relations,它所表达的是 “两种不同的关系之间”的对照,namelythe relation of dependence on the law and the relation of independence of the law”.就是说,一种神与人的关系是靠守律法的关系,另外一种是从律法独立,不是靠律法的关系。“现今”是讲这两种不同关系的对照。

He does draw attention to the pivotal contrast instituted here between justification “through the law”( which is nonexistent) and justification “without law” or “apart from law” which is the provision of the gospel with which Paul proceeds to deal forthwith. 他也继续让读者们注意到,这段经文设立了一个关键性的对照:一方面是借着律法得称义,事实上这种称义是不存在的,这是一方面;另外一方面是在律法以外、独立于律法、不靠律法的称义,而这个是福音所预备的,保罗从这里开始马上就要讨论这个福音、这种的在律法以外的称义。

But it is not apparent that the “now” in question should be deprived of its temporal force. 但是慕理说,“现今”这个字,不一定完全没有时间上的意义。下面这段呢是要讲“now”“现今”这个字,我们现在温习第一页到第6页。

Paul is emphasizing not only the contrast between justification through the works of the law and justification without the law,that is,without works of the law,but he is also emphasizing the manifestation of the latter which came with the revelation of Jesus Christ. 保罗不单单强调靠守律法的行为称义和没有靠律法的称义(后者是指没有律法的行为的称义),保罗不单单是强调这两种称义之间的对照;他也同时强调后者,就是不靠律法的行为的称义,他也同时强调后者的显明和彰显出来——律法以外的称义、不靠守律法的称义,在耶稣基督的启示、当主耶稣基督来显明祂自己的时候,这种律法以外的称义就显明了。

Now,in contrast to the past,this righteousness of God is manifested; it has come to lie open to full view现在是与过去对照,这个上帝的义现在显明了,完全敞开,让人能够看见。简单的说,这里有一种救赎历史的先与后,预备的好到主耶稣的彰显,(as Meyer so admirably shows later on in his exposition. 就正如Meyer在后文的解经很清楚地说出,现在就让所有的人都看清楚了。漏讲了This does not mean for Paul that justification without the law was now for the first time revealed,and that in the earlier period all that men knew was justification by works of law. 但是保罗在这里并不意味着不靠守律法,就是律法以外的称义,现在是第一次上帝启示,先前的时期人类只知道靠着律法的行为而称义。事实完全相反。

It is far otherwise. To obviate any discrepancy between the past and the present Paul expressly reminds us that this righteousness of God now manifested was witnessed by the law and the prophets. 保罗为了避免把两者对立起来,他明言地提醒我们,这个上帝的义,现在显明的义是由律法和先知做见证的。He is jealous to maintain in this matter as in other respects the continuity between the two Testaments. 保罗在这里正如在其他事情上,都竭力地、很热心地坚持着旧约和新约之间的连续性——continuity

But consistently with this continuity,there can still be distinct emphasis upon the momentous change in the New Testament in respect of manifestation. 可是旧约与新约在manifestation在显明上却有空前的改变,这个空前的改变与新旧约之间的连续性是一致的。一方面有连续性,一方面有改变,新约是新的。The temporal force of the “now”can therefore be recognized without impairing either the contrast of relations or the continuity of the two periods contrasted. 所以,我们现在可以看出“现今”“如今”这个字是指时间上的现今,没有削弱掉是在讲两种关系的对照,也没有削弱到这里所对照的两个不同时期的连贯性。

When Paul says “without the law”:当保罗说“在律法以外”的时候,the absoluteness of this negation must not be toned down. 我们不可以冲淡这里绝对性的否定这种的语气。He means this without any reservation or equivocation in reference to the justifying righteousness which is the theme of this part of the epistle. 罗马书在这里这一段的主题是上帝称人为义的义,这个义是在律法以外的,保罗的宣告是毫不保留、毫不犹疑的。

This implies that in justification there is no contribution,preparatory,accessory,or subsidiary,that is given by works of law. 这里就意味着说,在上帝称义这件事情上,律法的行为,就是守律法的行为,不论是为称义做预备,或者在称义的从旁来协助、或者附属在称义之下,守律法的行为是毫无贡献的,或者毫无功劳的。

This fact is set forth here both by the expression itself and by its emphatic position in the sentence. 这里的用词,还有这些字词在这句话在句里的地位,都说明这个事实。And it is borne out by the sustained polemic of the epistle as a whole. 保罗在罗马书中不断的争辩这一点,也就支持这一点,就是说人的行为在称义上是毫无贡献的。To overlook this accent is to miss the central message of the epistle. 若忽略这方面的强调,就忽略了整卷罗马书的中心信息了。To equivocate here若在这一点上犹疑,is to distort what could not be more plainly and consistently stated. 就等于扭曲本书明显地贯彻的宣告的真理,一点都不可以妥协的。

The expression,“without the lawis not to be understood in the canonical sense nor in the sense of dispensation. 这里“without the law”律法以外,这个律法不是指旧约圣经的正典canon,这里所讲的律法也不是指上帝救赎计划的律法时期dispensation,不是的。It is not said that the righteousness of God now manifested was apart from the Old Testament viewed either as canon or as period. 保罗这里不是说上帝的义现在的显明是与旧约圣经分隔或者有别的,或者与旧约时期分隔或者有别的,不是的。

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Paul says quite the opposite–使徒保罗讲的刚好是相反的–“it was witnessed by the law and the prophets这个义是由律法和先知为见证的”in the sense that the law and the prophets bore witness to it. 意思就是说,律法与先知为这个义——上帝的义——作见证。In the expression “apart from law”the term “law” is used in the sense of “works of law”(verse 20)在“律法以外”中,“律法”这个字的意思是“守律法的行为”(参考第20节,中文圣经翻译作“行律法”) and the thought is simply that保罗要讲的简单说就是the law as commandment or as constraining to and producing works contributes nothing to our justification. 律法吩咐我们、激励我们要做出好行为,但是这些都不能对我们的称义做出任何的贡献的。

We have here an instructive example of the ease with which the apostle turns from one denotation of the word “law” to another.这里正好教导我们去认清楚,使徒保罗很自如地使用“律法”这个字,每次的用法或者定义都可以是不一样的。The righteousness that is unreservedly without law in one sense of the word “law” is ,nevertheless,witnessed to and therefore proclaimed by the law in another sense of that term.完全不靠律法的义、在律法以外的义,这里律法是一种的意思,确是律法——这里律法是另外一种意思——所宣告的。再来,上帝的义是在律法以外的,但是却是律法所见证所宣告的。

Law in one sense pronounces the opposite of justification,the law in another sense preached justification. 从一种的用法或者意义来说,律法所宣告的与称义相反;可是从另外一种的用法、另外一种的意义来说,律法所宣告的就是上帝的称义。This illustrates the necessity in each case of determining the precise sense in which the term “law” is used by the apostle所以我们看见,每次使徒保罗用“律”或者“律法”这个字的时候,我们必须认清楚他在那里的意思,或者律法的意思是什么and we must not suppose that a term has always the same denotation and connotation. 不可随便以为每次律法的定义和含义都是一样的。Exposition has suffered from failure to recognize this variation. 解经家因为忽略了这方面的变化,所以他们的解经是受损害的。Here the variation is exemplified in two consecutive clauses. 在这里在同一节里面,两个从句里面,保罗用律法所指的意思都不一样。

It is possible that “apart from the law” in verse 21 is to be construed directly with “is manifest”rather than with “the righteousness of God”.第21节“在律法以外”有可能是指在律法以外显明,而不是上帝在律法以外的义。In this event:假如是这样理解的话,the emphasis falls upon the manifestation without law rather than upon the fact that it is a righteousness without law. 若是如此,保罗所强调的是在律法以外彰显,而不是这个义是在律法以外的义这件事的事实。

Even if,syntactically,this construction were favored,就算从字句的构造来看,我们支持这种的解释,it would still follow by inference that it is a righteousness without law. 我们仍然可以推论,上帝的义是律法以外的义。慕理要说的是,这个“在律法以外”是在讲在律法以外已经显明,而不是上帝在律法以外的义。(我们中文圣经都已经把它解释了,在翻译的时候都把解释都做了,这个是不可避免的。)

It is possible,however,that “without law” should be construed with “the righteousness of God”但是有可能的是,“在律法以外”是指“上帝的义”and in that event若是如此,the righteousness is directly characterized as one without law. 那么这个上帝的义是有“在律法以外”这个特质的,上帝的义是在律法以外的义——是不是让人守律法、做出行为、贡献于这个义的义。

这个是第二种的解释。第一种是这个在律法以外的义现在显明出来了,在新约时期;另外一个就是这个义本身就是不可以靠律法、靠行为的。

再读一次3:21:但如今,上帝的义在律法以外已经显明出来,有律法和先知为证

上帝的义——righteousness of God

“The righteousness of God”that is said to be manifested is that we have already found in 1:17. 这里被显明的上帝的义,就是我们在罗马书第一章17节已经遇见过。The reader is referred to the exposition at that point. 请读者参考我在那方面的注释。

“The righteousness of God”of verse 22 is the same as that of verse 21 and 1:17那么在第22节的“上帝的义”所指的,与第21节所指的或者罗马书1:17节所指的义是同一个义;and the words “through faith of Jesus Christ and to all who believe” have the same force as “from faith to faith” of  1:17. 那么这里保罗说“因信耶稣基督加给一切相信的人”,这个和第一章17节的“本于信、以至于信”是同样的意思。To the exposition at that point readers can referred. 读者也参考1:17节的注释。

It is necessary,however,to note the additional elements,implied in 1:17,but set forth here overtly. 可是我们必须要注意到,这里有另加的因素,这些因素呢在罗马书第一章17节是暗示的,但是现在就明文地指出了。The apostle is careful to define this faith as faith in Jesus Christ. 使徒保罗很谨慎地为这个信心做定义,这个信心就是信靠耶稣基督的信心faith in Jesus ChristIt is hardly necessary to show that Jesus Christ is the object and not the subject of faith spoken of. 我们差不多不需要指出,耶稣基督是保罗所论到的信心的对象,而不是拿出信心的那一位。

It would be alien to the whole teaching of the apostle to suppose that what he has in mind is a faith that is patterned after the faith of Jesus Christ Himself exemplified若以为保罗在这里是指一个以耶稣基督为模范的信心,是违背使徒保罗所有的教训的,far less that we are justified by Jesus’ own faith,that is to say,by the faith which He exercised. 若说我们是靠耶稣基督祂自己的信心、就是耶稣自己拿出的信心来称义,那就与使徒保罗的教导差得更远了。

Although the notion that the faithfulness of Christ is in view would not be contrary to the analogy of Scripture in general虽然若说耶稣基督的信实、祂的信实在以经解经的原则看并不完全离题,yet there is not good warrant for this interpretation here any more than in 1:17. 但是在这里,或者在第一章17节这样子来解释“信”是毫无支持的根据的。

The reader is again referred to the appendix on this subject:读者请参考这方面的附注,英文的第363页起。慕理写了很长的一个附录的,巴特和其他的神学家会说,这个信心就是指神的信实、耶稣基督的信实,这个完全不符合这段经文和它的上下文的意思的。

In representing Jesus Christ as the object of faith the apostle brings to the forefront a consideration which had not been expressly stated so far in this epistle. 保罗说道耶稣基督是信心的对象的时候,他突出了一件前面章节没有明说的一件事。The faith that is brought into relation to justification is not a general faith in God; 这个与称义有密切关系的信心,并不是对上帝笼统的相信;far less is it faith without well-defined and intelligible content. 更加不可能是一个没有内容、不能被理性了解的信心,不是个非理性的信心。

It is faith directed to Christ信心乃是指向基督的and when He is denominated “Jesus Christ”these titles are redolent of all that Jesus was and is personally,historically,and officially. 而这里提到“耶稣基督”这个名称的时候,就充分流露出耶稣的位格,不论祂过去的工作或者现今的工作,就是祂工作的整个的历史,和祂所有的职分,包括先知、祭司、君王等等。

It is Jesus Christ in terms of Romans 1:3,4 who is the object of justifying faith. 这位使人称义的耶稣基督,信心的对象,是罗马书第一章第3、第4节所说的耶稣基督。In terms of verse 21-22:那么从第三章21-22节来看it is this faith that places us in effectual relation to the righteousness of God. 信心大能有效地使我们与上帝的义发生关系。

In the succeeding verses在下面的几节经文,the apostle defines the accomplishment of Christ by which He is constituted the appropriate object of this faith保罗为基督所成就的事工作出定义,an accomplishment defined as redemption,propitiation,and vindication of justice. 基督所做的工作的定义就是救赎redemptionpropitiation挽回祭,还有vindication of justice满足上帝的公义。It is Jesus Christ in the efficacy that belongs to Him as Redeemer and Propitiator who is the proper object of faith. 耶稣基督我们信靠的对象,是指祂身为我们的救赎主、挽回祭的有效性。Faith is focused upon Him in the specific character that is His as Savior,Redeemer,and Lord. 祂是我们信心的焦点,因为祂是我们的救主、祂是我们的救赎主、祂是我们的主。

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