约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_15c (罗4:13-25) 下
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹
The latter后者( 为我们的称义)is related to the resurrection of Christ and gives a reason for it. 是与基督的复活有关的,告诉我们基督是为什么复活的。Since the clauses are parallel:既然这两个从句是有平衡、相应的性质we shall have to regard “our trespasses” as sustaining to the crucifixion of Christ the same kind of relationship as “our justification ” sustains to his resurrection. 我们必须看以下两个关系也是等同的,我们的过犯与基督钉十字架之间的关系和我们的称义与基督复活之间的关系,这两种关系是同样的关系。If one is retrospective so must the other假如某一种的关系是看过去的话,另外一个也是如此的and if the one is prospective so must the other. 假如一个从句、一个关系是展望未来的,那另外一个关系、另外一句话也必然是如此的。
On the former alternative好,我们先来看第一个理解,就是那两句话都是看过去的the thought would be that Jesus was delivered up because our trespasses were placed upon him意思就是说因为我们的过犯都放在基督的身上,因此耶稣被交出来and that he was raised from the dead because we had been justified. 而基督从死里复活了,因为我们已经被称义了。On this view根据这个观点来看the resurrection of Jesus is regarded as the consequence of our justification耶稣的复活就是我们称义的后果and justification is conceived of as complete prior to the resurrection. 那么耶稣复活之前,我们的称义就已经完成了。
This interpretation would require us to construe the justification in this instance as equivalent to reconciliation and propitiation,若是这样解释的话,那么这一节这里的,四章25节,这里的称义就等于神人和好和挽回祭belonging to the sphere of objective,historical,once-for-all accomplishment. 这个的称义是属于上帝客观的、在历史上的一次过成就救赎的那个范围里面。换言之我们被称义是2000年前在基督钉十字架的时候或者之前。It is not impossible to take justification in this sense. (慕理的分析是)你要这样来看这里的称义不是不可能的。It may be used in this sense in chapter 5 :9–很有可能在5:9称义是这个意思的–there is a certain parallelism between verse 9 and 10 and in verse 10 it is objective reconciliation that is in view. 第五章的第九节跟第十节之间有着某一种的平衡相应,而第五章第10节所讲的神人和好是那个客观所成就的和好,就是2000年前耶稣所成就的。
And if justification is thus interpreted 假如我们是这样来理解称义it is quite compatible with New Testament thought to regard the resurrection of Jesus as the inevitable sequel to the work perfected by his death那么若看耶稣基督复活是他的死所完成的工作的必然的后续的话,这样子是非常符合新约圣经的and as the seal upon this perfection. 基督复活这个印证,印证祂的死所成就的大工是完全的。
Furthermore,不但如此,the parallel clause that Jesus “was delivered up on account of offenses”平衡的从句耶稣“是为了我们的过犯被交给人的”can well mean that最可能的意思就是说Jesus was delivered up because our sins were laid to his account耶稣被交出来因为我们的过犯放在他的身上and that the death of Jesus was the inevitable consequence of the imputation to him of our sins. 是因为我们的罪归算了给祂,所以必然的后果就是耶稣的死。This interpretation,then,does not violate biblical teaching as such nor Pauline doctrine in general. 这种的解释没有违背圣经的教导,也没有违背保罗整个的教义。
(View number two:第二方面的解释。)
The other alternative is另外一个选择就是Jesus was delivered up in order to atone for our sins耶稣被交给人是为了要为我们的罪赎罪and was raised in order that we might be justified. 耶稣从死里复活好叫我们能够被称义。The two expressions,“on account of our trespasses” and “on account of our justification” have thus prospective reference.因此“为了我们的过犯的缘故”和“为了我们的称义的缘故”这两个表述是指未来的。And the resurrection is viewed as that which lays the basis for our justification. 耶稣的复活就是为我们的称义奠定根基的。
慕理的回应:There is reason for adopting this alternative . 我们选择接纳这个解释是有理由的。三个理由。
第一个理由: In the preceding context Paul had been dealing with actual justification,that is to say,our actual acceptance with God as righteous. 在上面的经文的上下文,保罗所讨论的是具体的称义,换言之,我们具体的被上帝接纳,上帝具体接纳我们为义。
第二个理由 number two:The formula,“it was imputed for righteousness”,which is the pivot of the argument in the whole of this chapter,refers to our acceptance with God,整个第四章的论证的关键在于这就算为义,这个是指上帝接纳我们,in other words,that which falls within the application of redemption. 换言之,这个是属于救赎的施行的范围。不是客观成就救赎,是主观施行救赎的范围。换言之,不是在指耶稣成就什么,是圣灵做什么的事范围。It is justification which is inseparable from faith. 所以说指的是与信心不可分开的称义。
第三个理由或者是结论:And since in all the earlier instances in this epistle the term “to justify” is used in this sense 既然在罗马书的前文每一次用称义都是这个意思的 (2:23; 3:20,24,26,28,30; 4:2,5) 都是指我们具体的被称义and Paul is dealing with the same in the immediately preceding context,而在4:25节前面的上下文,保罗也是在讨论我们具体的被称义这个题目,we must conclude that所以我们必须做出个结论it would be a deviation from his theme to use the word justification here in a sense different from that of the context. 假如我们看称义这个字在这里的用法是跟整个上下文里面的用法是不一样的话,这个就与使徒保罗的主题就偏离了。
Justification,we may infer therefore,refers to actual justification by faith所以我们可以推论说称义是指我们具体的因信称义and the resurrection of Jesus is viewed as that which lays the basis for this justification:那么我们就这样看耶稣的复活是为我们的因信称义建立基础的。We shall have to interpret the other clause in uniformity with this我们解释另外那句从句也必须与这个从句的解释统一and say that Jesus was delivered up in order to atone for our sins. 我们这样解释说耶稣被交出来为了要为我们的罪赎罪。
The efficacy of the death of Christ and of his resurrection lies on the face of the text. 经文很明显的指出耶稣基督的死的大能有效性和祂的复活的大能有效性。As Jesus rose again in order to guarantee our justification,so he was delivered up in order to deal effectively with our trespasses. 正如耶稣基督从死里复活好叫祂保证我们的称义,同样的祂被交出来,好叫他大能有效的处理我们的过犯的难题。We are not,of course,to interpret the text artificially不过我们不要很牵强的误解这段经文and think of the death of Christ as sustaining no relationship to justification and the resurrection as having no relationship to our sins.不要说基督的死那么跟我们的称义没有关系,基督复活又跟我们的罪没有关系,不要这样误解。Justification is related directly to the blood of Christ不要忘记称义是直接与基督的宝血有关的(3 : 24; cf. Eph. 1:7; Rom. 5:9; 6:7; 8:33,34参考罗马书3:24; 以弗所书1:7; 罗马书5:9; 6:7; 8:33,34) and the atonement therefore lays the basis for our justification. 所以基督的赎罪大工为我们的称义是奠定基础的。
未经同意,请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿;课程的逐字稿的版权归「中华展望」,禁止复印出版等商业用途。
中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院[email protected](PayPal)
But the apostle,in the way most appropriate to his theme and,particularly,to his foregoing argument respecting Abraham’s faith,concentrates attention upon the most salient and pertinent relationships of the two central and indivisible facts of redemptive action,the death and resurrection of Christ. 但是保罗这里的说法是对他的主题是最恰当的,特别对他论到亚伯拉罕的信心的论证是最恰当的,因此他专注于救赎大功的两个核心,就是死跟复活的不可分割的层面,或者说两个最核心的事实里面的一些的最重要的层面或者关系。
The terms of expression used in this verse are to be noted. 请注意这节是怎么用字的。Jesus was “delivered up” and he “was raised”. 耶稣是“被交出来的”,耶稣是“被复活的”。The redemptive action is viewed from the aspect of that to which Jesus was subjected and so the thought is focused on the action of God in reference to Jesus. 基督救赎的作为是从耶稣服在什么的之下这个角度来看的,所以保罗要说的是他特别专注于上帝在耶稣身上所做的是什么。
Since distinction is drawn between God as acting and Jesus our Lord as acted upon,那既然保罗这里区分出上帝是行事者,基督是被动的,the person acting must be God the Father. 那么行事的就肯定是父上帝的。He delivered up Jesus是祂把耶稣交出来的and he raised Jesus from the dead. 是祂使基督复活的。(我们看一些的经文。Acts 3:15:使徒行传3:15节:你们杀了那生命的创始者,上帝却使祂从死人中复活。Acts 4:10:使徒行传4:10:那么你们各位和以色列全民都应当知道,站在你们面前这人好了,是因拿撒勒人耶稣基督的名,这位耶稣基督你们把祂钉死在十字架上,上帝却使祂从死人中复活。
Acts 10:40:使徒行传10:40:上帝叫祂第三天复活,并且使祂显现。Acts 13:30 使徒行传13:30:但上帝却使祂从死人中复活了。And 37,使徒行传13:37:唯独上帝所复活的那一位没有见过朽坏。Romans 6:4:罗马书6:4:所以我们借着洗礼归入死,与祂同葬,为的是要我们过新生命的生活,向基督借着父的荣耀从死人中复活。这里没有表达出被动式一样。Romans 8:11:罗马书8:11节:如果那使耶稣从死人中复活者的灵住在你们里面,那使基督从死人中复活的,也必借着住在你们里面的圣灵使你们必死的身体活过来。两次。
Galatians 1:1:加拉太书1:1:做使徒的保罗不是由于人,也不是借着人,而是借着耶稣基督和那使祂从死人中复活的父上帝。Ephesians 1:19以弗所书1:19:上帝照着祂强大的力量,向我们信祂的人显出的能力是何等的浩大,这力量运行在基督身上,使祂从死人中复活,并且在天上坐在自己的右边。Colossians 2:12:歌罗西书2:12:你们在洗礼中已经与祂一同埋葬,也在洗礼中因信那使基督从死人中复活的上帝所运行的动力与祂一同复活了。1 Thessalonians 1:10:帖撒罗尼迦前书1:10节:并且等候祂的儿子从天降临,这就是上帝使祂从死人中复活,救我们脱离将来的愤怒的那位耶稣。Finally 1 Peter 1:21:彼得前书1:21:借着祂,你们信那使祂从死人中复活又给他荣耀的上帝,将你们的信心和盼望都在于上帝。
This does no prejudice to the action of Jesus himself in his death and resurrection. 这个并不影响耶稣基督自己在祂的死、在祂的复活中的行动。就是耶稣自己死、自己复活的。But it is important to observe here as elsewhere how the apostle brings into distinct prominence the actions of God the Father in the acts of redemption. 但是很重要的一点是不论在这里或者其他经文,保罗是把父上帝的作为在救赎作为里面是特别分开来描述的。And in relation to the main interest of the apostle in this chapter it is noteworthy that faith is resting upon him who raised Jesus from the dead is faith directed to God the Father himself. 那么从罗马书第四章保罗最关注的主题来看,我们觉得很重要的一点就是信心是信靠那位叫耶稣从死人中复活的那一位,信心是信父上帝祂自己的。
The respects in which the resurrection of Christ may be conceived of as serving the end of justification are manifold. 我们可以从很多不同的层面来看基督的复活是为了我们称义的目的。In terms of Paul’s own teaching a few may be mentioned. 我们可以提出几个的几个的层面,都是根据保罗自己的教导。(5个层面。)
(1)第一个层面:We are justified by faith and this faith must be directed to Jesus. 我们是因信心称义的,这个信是信耶稣。(第三章22节跟26节。) But only as the living Lord can he be the object of faith. 基督必然是一个活的主才能够作为我们信心的对象。
(2) 第二个层面:It is in union with Christ that we are justified. 我们是与基督联合所以是被称义的。(cf. 8:1 罗马书第八章第一节; II Cor. 5:21哥林多后书5:21上帝使那无罪的替我们成为罪,好使我们在他里面成为上帝的义。) Only as active through resurrection can any virtue proceed from Christ to us基督必然是因为祂复活,所以祂是不断地做工的,基督才能够从祂身上发出很多的能力and only with the living Christ can union have efficacy.我们必定是与一个活的基督联合,这个联合才有效。
(3) 第三方面的层面:The righteousness of Christ by which we are justified has its abiding embodiment in Christ; 我们被称为义了,在一个称义的过程中我们所领受的基督的义,是在基督身上的、不断都是在基督身上的(第五章17-19节);it can never be thought of in abstraction from him as a reservoir of merit (stored up原文)of righteousness(音频).我们不能够从这件事抽离我们的称义,就是基督身上有着一个义的宝库,义的功劳都在祂的身上。(Only as the living one can Christ be the embodiment of righteousness 这部分漏了)and be made to us righteousness from God. 基督身上的义就成为我们的义(哥林多前书1:30)
(4 )第四方面的层面:The death and resurrection of Christ are inseparable. 基督的死跟基督复活是不能分开的。Hence even the death or blood of Christ as related to our justification could have no efficacy to that end in isolation from the resurrection. 因此基督的死跟祂的宝血,就是与我们的称义有关的基督的死跟宝血是没有效的,除非祂的死是与祂的复活密切的连接的(第三章24-25节、第五章第九节、第八章33-34节)。
(5)第五方面的层面:It is through the mediation of Christ that we come to stand in the grace of justification. 因为基督仍然在做这个中保的大工,因此我们来到站在这个称义的恩典上(第五章第二节)。But the mediation of Christ could not be operative if he was still under the power of death. 但是假如基督仍然伏在死权之下,祂就不可能做这个中保的大工,我们就不可能借着基督靠他进入到这个恩典中,站在这个恩典上。
所以这里要讲的是基督是活的,所以祂不断的在做工,不断的实行祂的义给我们,不断的使我们站在这个恩典中,祂的复活跟死是不能分开的,因为祂复活的缘故,祂的死所成就的大功就不断的在我们被称义的罪人身上生效。
The end of chapter four 罗马书第四章结束。
我们下一次是11月14跟16号就开始第五章,到时候我们会有罗马书第五章的讲义,从现在开始呢从第四章开始呢是每一章一份的讲义,平均是100页,有的多有的少。
好,我们祷告结束:感谢天父给我们看到从你自己的话语来看我们的救恩是多么的丰富,耶稣基督的大工有这么多层面,而且祂是一个活的救主,继续的再把祂的大能施行在我们身上,借着圣灵在我们身上、在我们心里、在教会中。感谢主!求主继续的保守我们,保守我们的心怀意念,常存感恩满足的心来亲近你来服侍你,怜悯我们,奉耶稣基督圣名求 ,Amen。
提示:逐字稿文字只限于个人和教会私下学习交流,目的是造就教会和教会负责带领、讲道的同工们;未经同意,请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿;课程的逐字稿和图片的版权归「中华展望」,禁止复印出版等商业用途。当文字和录音不符时,以录音为准。愿上帝赐福文字编辑和校对的肢体来雅正!若是有修改的地方、奉献支持或是其他任何问题请使用以下邮件方式联系我们。中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院 [email protected](PayPal)