约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_13b (罗3:25-4:3)下
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹
Romans 3:27-31:罗马书3:27-31节。我们来读这5节的经文,请听我读。
27:「既是这样,哪里能夸口呢?没有可夸的了。用何法没有的呢?是用立功之法吗?不是,乃用信主之法。」我读新译本:「这样有什么可夸的呢?没有可夸的了。凭什么标准说没有的呢?凭行为吗?凭行为的准则吗?不是的,而是以信心为准则说的。」
28:「我们看定了,人称义是因着信,不在乎遵行律法。」新译本:「因为我们认定人称义是由于信,并不是靠行律法。」暂时读到这里。
27-31 Verses 27 to 31 may properly be regarded as a concluding peroration我们正确的要看第27-31节是一个结论setting forth the results to be drawn from the gospel of grace delineated in verses 21 to 26. 这里就指出第21-26节所勾画出的恩典的福音会引出怎么样的后果。The note of decisive inference and confidence is apparent. 使徒保罗的语气是明显的,是决定性的、是充满着确信的信心的。“Where then is boasting? It is excluded”. “哪里有可夸的呢?排除掉了”excluded。The boasting in mind is that of active exaltation and self-gratulation. 保罗心目中所讲这个夸耀是指主动的高举自己和沾沾自喜。
It is uncertain whether the apostle has in mind the Jew specifically,as one given to boasting in his peculiar privileges and good works which afforded,in his esteem,acceptance with God,in contrast with Gentiles,我们不能够很确定究竟使徒保罗想到的只是犹太人吗?他们会夸耀他们的特殊的特权和好行为,他们认为这样子他们就可以被上帝接纳的,有别于外邦人,所以使徒保罗是在讲犹太人吗?Or还是说,where Paul is thinking in more general terms of all self-gratulation on the part of men. 还是说使徒保罗在想到的是所有人的自夸,是一个一般性的所指呢?
But even on the latter alternative就算是后者,就算保罗这里是在讲了全人类的自夸,there is marked pertinence to the Jew. 这点对犹太人是特别适切的(参考2:17-25 refer to 2 :17 -25,esp. Vs. 23:特别是第23节:「你指着律法夸口自己,违犯律法,玷辱上帝吗?」)。The answer to the question is decisive. 保罗所问的问题 “哪里能夸口呢?”答案是坚决的。The tense used has the force,as Sanday and Headlam point out,“it is shut out once for all”这里所用的时态,正如两位解经家Sanday and Headlam指出这里所用的时态的意思就是一次过排除了and is expressed sufficiently by the rendering,“It is excluded”. 所以很清楚的由这种翻译法就足够指出了被排除了。
“Through what law? 根据怎么样的律例? 或者是什么律法呢?of works?是根据行为的律法吗?Ney,but through the law of faith.”不是的,而是根据信心的律法。(新译本翻成“准则”,新译本就把那个正确的解释翻译出来了。)These questions and the answers show这里提出的几个问题和答案就指出,the word “law” is used in a different sense from that used hitherto in this epistle. 这里所用那个“法”在和合本是立功之法、信主之法,这个字与罗马书到目前为止所用律法这个字的意思是不一样的,就是说使徒保罗用“法”用“律”,用“法律、律法”英文都是law,希腊文都同一个字nomos有很多不同的用法的。But it is used later on in the same sense:但是罗马书下文还会有一些经文是用这个意义来写下law律法的(7:21,23;8:2)。
It is obvious that when Paul speaks of the “law of faith”:很明显的当使徒保罗说“信之法、信的准则、信的法律”的时候,he cannot mean the law in the sense in which it is opposed to faith. 他不可能在想到一种的法律是与信心相反的那种的律法(参考3:19-20、21、28)。For in that event若是这样子的话,there would be contradiction in the expression of “the law of faith”.若是如此的话“信之法”本身就是内部矛盾的。
This again evinces the flexibility of the word “law” in the usage of the epistle这里再一次显出在罗马书里使徒保罗用law用律法这个字是有多么的弹性,and how easily the apostle may pass from one denotation or connotation to another. 也看出使徒保罗如何的很自如的从一个定义或者一个含义,然后转移到另外一个的定义、另外一个含义。Here therefore所以在这处的这里的经文“law” in both instances两次用“法,立功之法、信主之法,这个法”when applied to “works” and “faith”:当用在“工-行为”,或者是“信”主的时候,must mean “system”,“principle”,“method”,“order”,or “rule”.这个“法”或者“准则”一定是指“一个系统”、“原则”、“方法”、“体制”或者是“准则”的意思。就是不是在讲靠守律法得救,就也不是在讲旧约的律法。
The contrast instituted is that between the order of things in which works are the medium of justification and that in which justification is exclusively by faith. 使徒保罗这里所设立的对照,一方面就是行为是称义的方法这个体制,另外方面是唯独借助信心能称义的第二种的体制。The latter is the principle which the apostle triumphantly asserts as the inference to be drawn from the gospel set forth in verses 21 and 26. 后者-唯独借着信心称义就是使徒保罗好像宣告胜利这样子所宣称的原则,这个信主之法,这个是从第21-26节所说明的福音所带来的推论。
In verse 28:第28节,he gives the reason (rather than conclusion) for this assertion of the law of faith: 那28节使徒保罗给了这个信主之法的原因,而不是一个结论: “For we reckon that by faith a man is justified without the deeds of the law”. 人称义是因着信,不在乎遵行律法。使徒保罗这样宣称是提出一个原因,(而不是做一个结论)。There are two elements in this statement that are particularly germane to the thought:这句话里面有两个因素是特别与使徒保罗的思想有关的:first第一,that it is by faith we are justified我们称义是借着信心and second第二个因素是,that it is by faith any man is justified whether he is a Jew or Gentile. 不论是犹太人还是外邦人都是借助信心称义的。
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We are required to ask,必须要问, how the principle of faith is so rigidly exclusive of and antithetical to works of law in the matter of justification. 必须要问,信心这个原则、信主之法在称义上为什么是完全排除遵行律法的行为、而且完全与遵行律法的行为对立的呢?The only answer is 唯一的答案是the specific quality of faith as opposed to that of works. 信心所有特别的本质,这个是与行为相反的本质。Justification by works always finds its ground in that which a person is and does; 靠行为称义的根据必然是这个人是谁、他的品格,或者他所做的是什么、他的行为;it is always oriented to that consideration of virtue attached to the person justified. 这种的靠行为的称义肯定是是考虑到被称义的人他所有的美德,或者是功劳,所以这种的称义必然有着一种人的功劳的导向。
The specific quality of faith is trust and commitment to another;而信心的特点是投靠、信靠委身于另外一位;it is essentially extroverted本质上信心是向外的and in that respect is the diametric opposite to works. 因此与行为是180度相反的。Faith is self-renouncing; 信心是否认自己的; works are self-congratulatory. 行为是夸耀自己的。Faith looks to what God does; 信心是仰望上帝所做的; works have respect to what we are. 行为是看我们自己是谁。
It is this antithesis of principle that enables the apostle to base the complete exclusion of works upon the principle of faith. 就是因为这里两个原则、两个法是势不两立的对立,这样子因为这个原因,保罗就可以根据信心的准则来完全排除行为。
Only faith has relevance within that gospel delineated in verses 21 to 26. 在21-26节所勾画出来的福音,只有信心是适切的。And,if faith,then it is “without works of law”. 假如是在于信心、借助信心的话就是“没有或者不靠守律法的行为了”。It follows therefore that因此,“by faith alone”“唯独信心”is implicit in the apostle’s argument. 是使徒保罗的论证里面所暗示的。Luther added nothing to the sense of the passage when he said “by faith alone”:所以当马丁路德说“唯独信心”的时候,他在罗马书这段经文的意义上并没有画蛇添足。
到了第29-30节,我来读一次:「难道上帝只作犹太人的上帝吗?不也是作外邦人的上帝吗?是的,也作外邦人的上帝。上帝既是一位,祂就要因信称那受割礼的为义,也要因信称那未受割礼的为义。」
In verses 29 and 30 the appeal is to the fact that God is one. 在29-30节使徒保罗诉诸一个事实上帝是一位的。The oneness of God神是一was the first article of Jewish faith. 这个是犹太人的信仰的首要的信条(参考申命记6:4 Deuteronomy 6:4;refer to Isaiah 45:5:参考以赛亚书第45:5)。Paul brings this article to bear upon the unity of principle that obtains in the matter of justification–使徒保罗讲出神是一这个原则,把它用在称义的事上–if God is one神若是一he is God of both Jews and Gentiles那祂必然就是犹太人的神也是外邦人的神 (29节 verse 29) and there can be no diversity in the modus operandi of His justifying judgment. 那么在上帝执行祂的称义的判决的时候,所用的方法不可能有不同。
Identity of principle in His saving operations follows from the unity of His relationship to all as the one God of all. 因为上帝是众人全人类的神,祂与全人类的关系是一样的是独一神,所以在祂救赎的施行上祂所用的原则或者法也是一个的。
我们来看几段的经文 refer to Isaiah 43:11:参考以赛亚书43:11,我们从第十节开始读:「耶和华说:你们是我的见证,我所拣选的仆人,使你们知道且信服我,又明白我就是耶和华。在我以前没有真神,在我以后也必没有。唯有我是耶和华,除我以外没有救主。」Isaiah 45:21-22:以赛亚书4521-22「你们要述说、陈明你们的理,让他们彼此商议。谁从古时指明,谁从上古述说?不是我耶和华吗?除了我以外再没有上帝,我是公义的上帝又是救主,除了我以外再没有别神。地极的人都当仰望我,就必得救,因为我是上帝,再没有别神。」
Hence therefore:所以,He will justify the circumcision by faith and the uncircumcision through faith.(第30节)所以,祂就要因信称那受割礼的为义,也要因信称那未受割礼的为义。The future tense “will justify”:它必称义 will是未来时态,is used not with reference to the final judgment使徒保罗这样写不是要指未来最后的审判。
but,in Meyer’s words,根据Meyer解经家的说法,“is to be understood as in ver. 29 of every case of justification to be accomplished. 这里的意思就是说在每一次上帝称一个人为义的时候都是如此的,祂必定称义信的人为义。The variation of prepositions “by faith” and “through faith”,“by faith凭信心”、“through faith借助信心”,使徒保罗这里用两个不同的介词are not to be interpreted as indicating any difference respecting the faith intended or its relationship. 这里保罗的意思不是要指出不同的信心或者信心有着不同的关系。
This would prejudice the contention of the passage若是认为凭着信、借着信是不同的信心的话,就会让这段经文所力争的就削弱了that there is no discrimination. 上帝并不偏待人(参考第22-24节)。Paul uses both forms though he has decided preference for the former. 使徒保罗两种说法都用的,不过他比较喜欢用的是by faith凭信心或出于信心。The variation of preposition only serves to underline the identity of method. 用不同的介词只不过要勾画出其实方法是同一个的。
The interest of the apostle in arguing for the absence of all difference between Jews and Gentiles in justification is liable to be taken for granted by us我们很容易的当作使徒保罗的论点,当作是理所当然的,就是说在犹太人跟外邦人之间在称义事情上是没有分别的,我们都觉得是理所当然的and,as Dr. Hodge says,正如查尔斯·贺志博士说,“these sublime truths are so familiar to our minds that they have,in a measure,lost their power. 这些崇高的真理对我们来说是那么的熟悉,某一个程度,上他们好像失去他们的能力。
But if we bear in mind what Meyer calls “the degenerate theocratic exclusiveness” of the Jew但是好像Meyer告诉我们,假如我们记得犹太人那种的败坏的以神为中心的排他性,or what Hodge calls “his narrow national and religious prejudices”或者我们若考虑到犹太人的,贺志称他们为他那种的狭隘的民族性的宗教的偏见的话we discover the necessity of this insistence:我们就会看到为什么使徒保罗必须要这样的坚持。就是在犹太人外邦人之间是没有区别的。And upon believing Jews:那么对于那些信基督的犹太人,this truth must have dawned “with unwonted emotions of wonder,gratitude and joy”.这个真理就必然地引发出内心的诧异、感恩和喜乐的。
好,我们下一节继续讲完这个第30节跟第31节。
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