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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_13c (罗3:30-4:3)上

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹

我们继续看罗马书3:3031。我们上一讲说到,因为犹太人那种的排他性、错误的败坏的排他性的缘故,保罗可能这里是直接是指犹太人的,对于那些信主的犹太人,他们肯定会有一种的诧异、赞美、感恩、喜乐的回应。

我们继续。

But we must not suppose that Paul has merely in view the correction of Jewish prejudices.慕理说,但是我们不可以认为使徒保罗只不过是在纠正犹太人的偏见而已。He has the interest of the Gentile at heart also. 他心里面也怀着对外邦人的好处的那个关注。And this ethnic universalism of the gospel must have dawned also upon Gentiles with emotions of joy and wonderment. 而福音在民族上是普世的福音,对外邦人来说,他们心里面也会产生一种喜乐和诧异的心情。

16页。

The exact relation to the context and the interpretation of verse 31 have been questions on which considerable difference of opinion has arisen among expositors. 解经家在第31节与上下文的关系和第31节如何解释上,意见是非常分歧的。Does verse 31 go with chapter 3 or does it belong to the next chapter?31节是属于第三章的吗,还是属于第四章的呢?(我们先来读一次第31节:这样我们因信废了律法吗?断乎不是,更是坚固律法。是属于第三章还是属于第四章的呢?)

If we adopt the latter alternative假如我们选择后者,就是说第31节是属于第四章的,then the law referred to in this verse would have to be taken in the sense of the Pentateuch or the Old Testament in general那么这里所讲的律法、第31节的律法的意思就是摩西五经或者整本的旧约, a denotation which is not without warrant in Pauline usage. 这种的用法是有使徒保罗的用词的根据的。

一系列的经文,我们来读 refer to 2 :18:参考罗马书2:18and verse 20:还有第20节。二章18既从律法中受了教训,就晓得神的旨意,也能分别是非。20节:在律法上有知识和真理的规模Chapters 5 verse 13罗马书第五章13节:没有律法之前,罪已经在世上,但没有律法,罪也不算罪Chapter 7 verse 1罗马书第七章第一节:弟兄们,我现在对明白律法的人说,你们岂不晓得律法管人是在活着的时候吗?

1 Corinthians 9:8哥林多前书9章第8节:我说这话岂是照人的意见?律法不也是这样说吗?20节:1 Corinthians 9:20向犹太人,我就作犹太人,为要得犹太人;向律法以下的人,我虽不在律法以下,还是作律法以下的人,为要得律法以下的人;Galatians 3:19加拉太书第三章第1919,21,23:第三章的19、2123节。第19节:这样说来,律法是为什么有的呢?原是为过犯添上的,21节:这样,律法是与 神的应许反对吗?断乎不是!若曾传一个能叫人得生的律法,义就诚然本乎律法了23但这因信得救的理还未来以先,我们被看守在律法之下,And Galatians 4:4:最后是加拉太书第四章第四节:及至时候满足, 神就差遣他的儿子,为女子所生,且生在律法以下,所以这些经文都指出,律法这个字是可以指旧约或者摩西五经。

For in this event by appeal to Abraham and David (4:1-8) the apostle would be showing that the doctrine of justification by faith was embedded in the Old Testament itself因为若是如此,当使徒保罗诉诸于亚伯拉罕跟大卫的时候(第四章1-8节)他就是要指出因信称义的教义是深深植在旧约圣经里面的,and that it was at the center of the revelation which had been entrusted to the Jews and in the possession of which they boasted. 这个就是交付给犹太人的启示的核心的真理,这个启示也是他们所拥有而自夸的。

On this view of the denotation of the word “law” in verse 31:假如我们这样看第31节这个“律法”就是指旧约或者摩西律法的话,Paul would be saying that使徒保罗的意思就是说,他在说,the Old Testament (whether considered as the books of Moses specifically or as a whole),so far from being overthrown by the gospel of grace,was confirmed and established. 保罗意思是说旧约(不论是指摩西五经或者整本的旧约),完全没有被恩典的福音所推翻,而且是更加的肯定、被设定或者是坚固了。This interpretation is in accord with Paul’s view of the Old Testament and of the relation of its doctrine to the gospel he is defending. 这个的观点是符合保罗的旧约观,也符合保罗如何看旧约的教义和他所维护的福音之间的关系的。

参考罗马书第四章全章和加拉太书第三章17-22refer to 4:1-25 and Galatians 3:17-22Verse 31 would then be a vigorous repudiation of the suggestion that the Old Testament was made void and an emphatic assertion of its confirmation,a fitting introduction to chapter 4. 这样看来,第31节,保罗是在极力的驳斥一种的建议,驳斥旧约被废除了这个观点,而且特别的强调要肯定旧约的这种的宣告,这样子特别坚固旧约,是对第四章非常恰当的一个的引言的。This view would obviate the criticism sometimes offered这个观点也会消除一些人可能会做出的批判,就是that verse 31 is abrupt就是第31节来得太过突然了,too summary是一个赘述的总结,to be an adequate answer to the question asked and therefore out of place. 太过赘述、太过突然,所以对回答前面的问题作为答案是不足够的,所以是不适合出现在这里的。

However appealing this view is:不论这个观点有多么的吸引力,and though tenable because consonant with Paul’s view of the Old Testament而且是可信的,因为它与使徒保罗的旧约观是符合的,there are reasons for another interpretation of its contextual relationship我们有理由提出这31节与上下文的关系的另外一种的解释,and of the denotation of the word “law”. 也是对“律法”这个字所指的提出另外一个的看法。

下面是慕理要提出的理由。

(1)第一个理由This verse stands in logical relation to what precedes. 这节(就是31节)在逻辑上是与上文相关的。It raises a question which naturally and inevitably issues. 这里就有一个很自然的、必然会导致的问题就产生了。Paul had argued that “from works of the law” no flesh could be justified. 使徒保罗前面的论点是“从遵守律法的行为 works of law ”凡有血气的都不可能被称义的(3:20),that a righteousness of God hath been manifested “without the law”(vs.21),而且上帝的义是在律法以外、没有律法的彰显了(21节),that the principle of the gospel is that of faith,not that of works(vs.27),而且福音的原则是信心的原则、信心之法,而不是立功或者行为之法(27节),that a man is justified by faith “without works of law”(vs. 28). (还有第28节)人是因信称义的,“不是靠守律法的行为”。

This reiterated negation of works of law makes irresistible the question使徒保罗多次的重复来否定遵守律法的行为,就让人情不自禁地提出一个问题:what then of the law? 那律法又怎么样呢?Is it useless:律法无用吗?Is it abrogated? 律法是不是已经被废去呢?Indeed,is it a liability to be cast off? 诚然的,律法是否有害的、应该抛弃的呢?These very questions are implicit in the question :“do we then make void the law through faith?”这些的问题都在使徒保罗所问的问题里面所暗示的,就是因信废了律法吗?

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(2)第二个理由。As regards construction那么从句子的构造来看verse 31 stands in more intimate relation to what precedes than to what follows. 31节是比较密切的与前文相关,比与后文相关是更加的密切的。That “therefore” at the beginning31节的开始的时候那个therefore因此,(和合本是“这样”,新译本是“这样说来”suggests that the inference supposed follows from what had been said.就暗示着使徒保罗这里所做的推论是来自前面他所讲过的。

Furthermore不但如此,if verse 31 is attached to 4:1:假如第31节是与第四章的一节连在一起的话,the question of the latter does not appear to be in suitable relation to the categorical declaration of verse 31b. 那么第四章第一节所提出的问题好像与第31节下面那种绝对的宣称,就是“更是坚固律法这个宣称”之间的关系好像不是很恰当。And chapter 4 can stand perfectly well without any such introduction as verse 31 would supply. 第四章若没有第三章31节这个引言,是讲得好的,不必用第31节做引言的。

For these reasons we may regard verse 31 as a conclusion to the argument of chapter 3:为了这些原因,我们要看第31节是整章罗马书第三章的论证的结论。What,on this construction,is the force of Paul’s question and answer and what is the denotation of the word “law”?那么根据这个的观点,使徒保罗的问题跟答案的意思是什么呢?“律法”是指什么呢?This question has been virtually answered above. 前面差不多已经回答了这个问题的。

In the sustained argument of the preceding verses前面的几节的不断持续的论证中,the negation of works of law as having any instrumentality or efficacy in justification has in view works performed in obedience to divine commandment当时的使徒保罗否定遵守律法的行为在称义上有任何的效果、可能做任何的器皿上的贡献的话,这个否定律法的行为是指遵行上帝诫命的行为and therefore the law contemplated is law of commandment from whatever aspect it may be regarded. 所以使徒保罗所想的这个律法就是指诫命的律法,不论你从什么层面来看这个诫命的律法。

What is in view is law as commanding compliance and performance. 所以这里使徒保罗想到了律法就是作出命令的、命令人要遵守、要行出来的律法。And the insistence of the apostle is使徒保罗所坚持的是any works in performance of any such commandment are of no avail in justification. 在称义的事情上,任何的行为、遵守任何这一类的诫命都是无用的。

The question is then: 所以问题就来了,问题就是,does this abrogate the law of commandment这件事是否废弃了诫命的律法呢?and make it irrelevant and inoperative in every respect? 这个诫命的律法现在是不是在任何的角度来看都是过时的、都不再生效的呢?Paul’s answer is in terms of his most emphatic formula of denial.使徒保罗用他的典型的、最强的、否定的说法说出。

He recoils with abhorrence from the suggestion他完全不能够接受这种的暗示and says “God forbid”他说的是“愿神禁止”,中文是“断乎不可”。Having thus rejected the supposition he says apodictically the affirmative opposite:他这样拒绝了这个的假设之后,他就提出这个结果是从正面来讲的:诚然“Yea,we establish the law”. “是的,我们坚固了律法”。Yea,we establish the law. 诚然的,是的,我们设定、坚定律法。

Paul is well aware of the danger of the antinomian inference from the doctrines of grace. 使徒保罗非常意识到从恩典的教义所做出的反律法主义的推论的。He deals with it in detail in chapter 6他在第六章详细的处理反律法主义and offers the arguments which not only refute it but reduce it to absurdity. 他提出一些论点不单单是驳斥反律法主义,而且使之化为荒谬。But here he anticipates the objection and he answers it summarily. 不过这里他预料到这个反律法主义这种的反对的声音,所以他用总结性的来一口气的回答了。The summariness is eloquent. 这种的摘要的说法是优美的。

He is guarding against a distortion which cannot be granted a moment’s toleration.保罗在维护真理、提防一种的扭曲,一刻也不会容忍他们的。In the words of Philippi根据腓立比这位解经家的话,他这样说,“The present verse then contains merely a passing thought interposed by way of anticipation所以这一节使徒保罗顺便提出的他所预计一种的想法,and abrupt setting aside of a natural objection…很快的就驳斥了这种的反对的声音…Here the apostle glances,so to speak,merely by anticipation,at the more complete argument which follows later on”. 使徒保罗好像看了一下后文要仔细处理的、看了一下这个的论调而已,就是很快的考虑到这里的反律法主义而已。

第三章结束。The end of chapter 3

Romans IV罗马书第四章

4 :1 -12:第四章第一节到第12节。

First Romans 4:1-5:首先罗马书第四章第一节到第五节。我们来读一读。

如此说来,我们的祖宗亚伯拉罕凭着肉体得了什么呢?倘若亚伯拉罕是因行为称义,就有可夸的,只是在 神面前并无可夸。经上说什么呢?说:“亚伯拉罕信 神,这就算为他的义。”作工的得工价,不算恩典,乃是该得的;惟有不作工的,只信称罪人为义的 神,他的信就算为义。

下面是对第一节到第5节的引言。

In chapter 4 Paul proceeds to prove from the Scripture of the Old Testament the pivotal element of the doctrine which he had unfolded in the preceding chapter. 在第四章使徒保罗在第三章所展开的那个教义里面的最关键性的因素,从旧约提出证据。It cannot be doubted that the cardinal interest of the apostle in the argument which he had presented is the antithesis between justification by works and justification by faith. 毫无疑问的,使徒保罗所提出的论点里面他所最最关注的,就是靠行为称义和出于信心称义之间的势不两立的对立。

我们来读一些的经文 refer to chapter 3 verses 20,22,25,26,27,28 and 30:第三章第20所以凡有血气的,没有一个因行律法能在上帝面前称义,因为律法本是叫人知罪。22就是 神的义,因信耶稣基督加给一切相信的人,并没有分别。25上帝设立耶稣作挽回祭,是凭着耶稣的血,藉着人的信,要显明上帝的义。26好在今时显明他的义,使人知道他自己为义,也称信耶稣的人为义。27既是这样,哪里能夸口呢?没有可夸的了。用何法没有的呢?是用行为之法、凭行为吗?(是用立功之法吗?)不是,乃用信主之法。是以信心为准则说的;28所以(有古卷作“因为”)我们看定了,人称义是因着信,不在乎遵行律法。30上帝既是一位,他就要因信称那受割礼的为义,也要因信称那未受割礼的为义。

It is this interest that is in the forefront in a series of demonstrations which he derives from the Old Testament. 使徒保罗在从旧约里面提出一系列的例子要突出他关注的这一点。He appeals first of all to the case of Abraham. 首先他诉诸于亚伯拉罕这个个案。The appropriateness of appeal to Abraham is conspicuous for,as has been well said,“the case of Abraham was the center and stronghold of the whole Jewish position”.保罗诉诸于亚伯拉罕是非常恰当的,这个很明显,因为有人说得好,亚伯拉罕这个个案、亚伯拉罕其人是整个犹太人的立场的核心,甚至乎营垒,他的强点。

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