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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_12b(罗3:21-24)

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹

罗马书第三章第23节:因为世人都犯了罪,亏缺了上帝的荣耀。慕理提出对“亏缺荣耀”四种的看法,他认为第三种是最恰当的,就是:世人没有反映出上帝的荣耀。为什么是如此呢?有四个理由支持这种说法。

(a)第一个理由Paul uses the present tense of a verb which is descriptive of a state or condition. 使徒保罗的用词是现在时态,是形容一种状态a state or conditionWe should infer therefore that he is reflecting on the present condition of all men arising from the fact of sin; 因此我们应当推论,保罗这里想到的是人类因为罪的事实而陷入的状况,现今的状况;it is coordinate with the fact that all have sinned. 这个与“世人都犯了罪”是相对称的。The consideration would tend to make interpretation (4)less tenable.这样子的考虑就减低了第四种解释的说服力了。

(b)第二方面支持的理由If interpretation (1)were intended by the apostle:假如使徒保罗的原意是按照第一种的解释的话it is reasonable to suppose that he would have inserted some other term such as that of “giving” glory to God after the pattern of the usage of New Testament in general and of him in particular,假如使徒保罗是指第一种的解释,很合理的一个要求就是他可能会插入另外一个字,譬如说“把荣耀归给”giving 归给上帝,这个是符合新约圣经一般的说法,特别是保罗的说法,or:或者说,he would have used the preposition “unto”或者是用unto归荣耀给上帝and have adapted the whole expression so as to read “unto the glory of God”,这样子修正这个表述就会说“为了神的荣耀”,as in passages cited above under (1). 正如我们在第一种解释所引用的经文所做的。这是第二个理由。

(c)第三方面支持的理由Although the phrase “the glory of God” could,in terms of New Testament usage,be applied to the praise that comes from God,虽然“上帝的荣耀”这个短句根据新约的用法,有可能是指从上帝而来的称赞(cf.  John 12:43:参考约翰福音12:43),yet the more perspicuous in this regard will be “glory from God”. 但是假如更清楚的说法,就是“从神而来的荣耀”。

(d)第四个支持的理由It is quite Pauline to represent that which redemption secures in contrast with that which sin has brought as transformation into the image of God. 使徒保罗典型的说法就是说,上帝的救赎,所为信徒确保的,与罪所做成的相对照,上帝救赎确保的,就是我们被改变,变成上帝的形象(参考哥林多后书3:18。)In describing a present condition当要描述我们目前的状况的时候nothing would be more pertinent or descriptive than to define it in terms of our destitution in this regard. 最恰当的、最形象的描述的方法就是说,我们在这方面,就是改变成为上帝的形状,在这方面我们的贫乏、我们的缺乏。We are destitute of that perfection which is the reflection of the divine perfection我们现在缺乏那个反映出上帝的完全的完全and therefore of the glory of God. 因此我们现在缺乏上帝的荣耀。

四个理由:为什么“亏缺了神的荣耀”是在讲没有反映出上帝的荣耀。

罗马书3:24节:如今却蒙上帝的恩典,因基督耶稣的救赎,就白白地称义

24  Commentators have encountered difficulty with the construction at the beginning of verse 24. 解经家对第24节上一开始的时候的造句会感到困惑。The participle “being justified”这里有一个分词being justified既然被称义”does not appear to stand in relation to what precedes in a way that is easily intelligible. 如何与上文关联呢?答案并不明显。

The most tenable view is最有理的观点是 that of those interpreters who regard what immediately precedes in verses 22b and 23for there is no difference; for all have sinned and come short of the glory of God as parenthetical to that which is the main subject of this paragraph. 最合理的观点是那些解经家的看法,他们认为前面第22节下到第23节是一个括弧,对这整段经文的主题的打岔、一个括弧,22下到23就是“并没有分别,因为世人都犯了罪,亏缺了神的荣耀”。所以22节上“上帝的义因信耶稣基督,加给一切相信的人”,下面就马上到第24节being justified——既然蒙称义了。

As regards construction and intent therefore:所以从句子的构造和保罗原意这个角度来看,“being justified”“既然被称义”is to be construed in direct sequence with “a righteousness of God through faith of Jesus Christ unto all who believe” (vs. 22a):这个“既然被称义”应该是马上接着“上帝的义……加给一切相信的人”,就是22节“上帝的义因信耶稣基督,加给一切相信的人”,然后马上就到第24节的being justified——既然被称义。

It is perhaps not irrelevant to observe可能我们做出下面的观察并不是离题的that this is the first time in this epistle that Paul uses this verb directly and positively in reference to what is the leading theme of this epistle. 这里是罗马书第一次用这个动词,直接用、正面的用来指出整卷罗马书的主题,就是称义。He had just defined his theme in terms of the righteousness of God operative through faith in Christ保罗刚才才为他的主题做了个定义,就是上帝的义藉着信基督运行的。

and now:那现在,he is giving explication in express terms of justification freely by the grace of God. 现在他进一步的解释这个上帝的义,这上帝的义就是称义,是白白的、借着上帝的恩典所赐给人的。上帝的义就是借着信耶稣的一切相信的人,这个定义是什么呢?这个就是上帝的称义,白白的、借着恩典赐给人。These two thoughts这两个思想、两个概念,namely就是,that this righteousness of God is our justification in contrast with the impossibility of the works of the law这个上帝的义就是我们的称义,与不可能靠守律法的行为称义做对照的,这个上帝的义,我们的称义,这个是一方面,这个是一个主要思想and第二个主要思想that this justification is the free gift of God by grace这个称义是上帝的恩典所赐的、白白的恩赐are sufficient ground for the defining part of “being justified”. 就足够理由给我们看到这个决定性的分词“being justified既然蒙称义了”。

And there is no reason for hesitating at what may appear to us as unusual construction. 我们不必因为句子的构造有点不寻常而有一些犹豫。Even if we do not allow that the immediately preceding clauses are parenthetical to the main thought of this passage—a position that has much to commend it–就算我们采取一个有可信性的立场,就是就算我们的立场是前面的几个从句–就是22节下跟23节就是我们不认为这个是个括弧–there should be no difficulty with the construction. 至少对句子的构造方面我们不应该感觉到困难。

For the fact that there is no difference and that all have sinned and come short of the glory of God has close bearing upon the thought expressed in the positive “being justified”. 因为没有分别、因为众人都犯了罪、亏缺了神的荣耀,这个事实与既蒙称义所表达的思想,前者是影响到后者的,就是没有分别、众人都犯了罪、亏缺了神的荣耀,因此我们“蒙称义”,白白的等等。

As we have found already正如我们已经看到the fact of universal sinfulness全人类都是有罪的这个事实bears directly upon the other fact就直接对另外一个事实是有影响的,这个另外一个事实就是there is no discrimination among believers–在信徒中间是没有区别的–they all are beneficiaries of the privileges of God. 他们都是上帝的义的受惠者。

So now in defining this theme in the express terms of justification好了,现在当使徒保罗明文地用称义来为这个上帝的义做定义的时候the universality of sin is equally pertinent to the freedom and graciousness of justification as well as to that which justification itself connotes. 所以全人类都犯了罪,是与称义是白白的、是恩典的、是直接有关的,如同称义本身的是什么一样的,是对称义有关的。

我再说一次:众人都犯了罪这个事实和称义本身的定义是什么意思,这两个都跟称义是密切有关的。In other words换言之,verses 22b and 23 stand in the most significant relation both to what precedes and what follows第22节下跟23节直接、很重要的与上文有关,也与下文有关and verse 24 resumes the theme of verse 22a in terms of defining and expanding the latter. 第24节就重新再捡起22节上的主题,为它做定义,再扩大它的意义。

The combination of the terms “freely” and “by his grace”第24节“by his grace蒙上帝的恩典,freely白白的,恩典和白白的has the effect of emphasizing the completely unmerited character of God’s justifying act. 它的意思就是要强调上帝称人为义这个行动是完全人不配得到的、有这个不配得的性质。The free and sovereign graciousness of the act上帝这个称义的动作是自由主权的、出于恩典的这个事实is the positive complement to that which has been asserted in verse 20就是在第20节所讲的相称的正面的说法that “from the works of the law no flesh will be justified” in God’s sight. 就是借着行律法的行为,没有人在上帝面前能够被称义的。那是个负面的;正面的是白白的、蒙神的恩典称义。负面的是没有可能靠守律法称义,正面是白白的、出于恩典的。

No element in Paul’s doctrine of justification is more central than this–这个是保罗的称义论里面最核心的因素–God’s justifying act is not constrained to any extent or degree by anything that we are or do which could be esteemed as predisposing God to this act. 上帝称人为义这个行动,完全没有因为我们所是、我们是谁,或者我们所做的在任何程度上激动、感动、推动上帝,可以说这个行动是让上帝愿意称人为,我们没有。我们的本性、我们的行为完全没有任何一丝毫会感动、会催逼、会让神愿意称人为义的。

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And not only is it the case that nothing in us or done by us constrains this act不单如此,不单单我们里面没有任何事物、我们所做的没有任何事物是推动上帝称义这个动作but all that is ours compels the opposite judgment–反之我们一切所是的都极力相反的上帝的审判–the whole world is brought in guilty before God. 保罗把全世界人类都带进来,在神面前有罪(参考第9节跟第19节cf. Vss. 9 and 19)

This action on God’s part:这个上帝这方面的行动,称义的行动,derives its whole motivation,explanation and determination from what God Himself is and does in the exercise of free sovereign grace. 这个上帝的动作,它的原动力、它的解释而决定它的意义,它的意义完全是来自上帝祂自己是谁,上帝在行使祂的自由的主权的恩典的时候,祂是谁、祂做了什么,完全是出于上帝是谁、上帝做了什么。Merit of any kind on the part of man人这方任何的所谓的贡献或者功劳,when brought into relation to justification,假如在称义这件事情上把什么功劳带进来的话,contradicts the first article of the Pauline doctrine就与保罗这个教义里面最基本的元素是矛盾的and therefore of his gospel. 因此是与保罗所宣讲的福音矛盾。It is the glory of the gospel of Christ that it is one of free grace. 基督福音的荣耀就是,它是一个白白的恩典的福音。

The accent placed here on the freeness and graciousness of the justifying act must be noted on its own account. 我们必须看到使徒保罗怎么强调上帝称义的行动是白白的、是出于恩典的,必须要按照他自己的意思来看;换言之,这个白白的恩典的称义是自我解释的。

But a contextual consideration and the lessons derived from it must not be overlooked. 可是我们不可以忽略从上下文来考虑,还有从上下文可以学到的功课。The accent upon free grace does not eliminate the medium through which this free grace has come into operation. 使徒保罗侧重点是白白的恩典,但是并没有排除这个白白的恩典是借着一个中介的因素运行的。

That is the lesson of what Paul immediately adds:使徒保罗马上就加上这个教训:“through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus”. “借着在基督耶稣里的救赎”。(和合本:因基督耶稣的救赎,新译本:借着在基督耶稣里的救赎,直接的翻译出来。)

This mediation shows two things in reference to the grace of justification:这个“借着耶稣基督的救赎”这个中介告诉我们上帝称义的恩典两件事:

(1)第一件事,the costly price at which this justification was procured上帝为要确保称义是付上何等贵重的代价;

(2)第二件事,the price at which it was procured does not negative but enhances the gracious character of the act. 上帝付上这么大的代价并,没有否定称义是出于恩典的,反而是恩典显多。

How eloquent is this collocation of justification by grace and justification through redemption in the correction of all argument to the effect that if justification is free it cannot be through price and if through price it cannot be free. 保罗这么优美的说法,他把两件事情一起说:因着神的恩典的称义、借着救赎的称义,他一起来说,为要纠正人可能的论点。就是说:假如是白白的,就不可能付上代价咯;假如有付代价,就不可能是白白的。

It is both它是两者都是,and price magnifies the marvel of the free grace. 付上的代价是让白白恩典的奇妙显得更奇妙。Justification is through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; 称义是借着在基督耶稣里的救赎大工;it is not through any price of ours绝对不是借助我们所付上什么代价; it is the costly price that Christ paid in order that free grace might flow unto the justification of the ungodly. 这个是重大的代价,基督付上,好叫白白的恩典能够流到罪人,使他们称义。

中文11页,English page twelve。

The root meaning of “redemption”救赎这个字的字根的意思is to ransom by the payment of a price. 就是付上一个价格,把某某人或者事物赎出来。It is impossible to reduce the New Testament concept of redemption to the mere notion of liberation. 我们不可能把新约圣经赎出这个概念化为只不过是释放而已。Our Lord’s saying is expressly in terms of substitutive ransom and the giving of His life我们主耶稣基督祂自己所说的话是明明用代替的赎价这个概念来说的,祂要把祂的生命付出,which in the New Testament is the same as the shedding of His blood就等于说 祂流出祂的血,the price of this redemption. 这个就是救赎的代价。It is this same concept that appears in the term Paul uses here as also elsewhere in other epistles. 在这里使徒保罗用的这个字救赎背后的概念是一样的,就等于在其他的书信经文的意思也是一样的。

我们来看一些的经文:cf. Eph 1:7参考以弗所书1:7我们借这爱子的血得蒙救赎,过犯得以赦免。Titus 2:14提多书2:14:他为我们舍了自己,要赎我们脱离一切罪恶。And in an eschatological sense in Rom. 8:23; 然后罗马书本身8:23是讲到末日的被赎出:8:23不但如此,就是我们这有圣灵初结果子的,也是自己心里叹息,等候得着儿子的名分,乃是我们身体得赎。I Cor. 1:30哥林多前书1:30:「但你们得在基督耶稣里是本乎神,神又使他成为我们的智慧、公义、圣洁、救赎。」Eph. 1:14以弗所书1:14:这圣灵是我们得基业的凭据,直等到神的产业被赎。使他的荣耀得着称赞。Eph. 4:30以弗所书4:30:不要叫神的圣灵担忧,你们原是受了他的印记,等候得赎的日子来到

See also other New Testament writers还有新约圣经其他的作者的书卷Luke 1:68路加福音1:68:这个是施洗约翰的父亲撒迦利亚所唱的诗歌,「主以色列的神是应当称颂的,因他眷顾他的百姓,为他们施行救赎。」Luke 2:38路加福音2:38:正当那时,她(就是那个Anna)进来称谢神,将孩子的事对一切盼望耶路撒冷得救赎的人讲说。新译本「并且向期待耶路撒冷蒙救赎的众人讲论孩子的事。」Luke 24:41路加福音24:41:我们跳过这个好了。Heb. 9:12,15希伯来书9:12,15并且不用山羊和牛犊的血,乃用自己的血,只一次进入圣所,成了永远赎罪的事。希伯来书9:15:为此,他作了新约的中保,既然受死赎了人在前约之时所犯的罪过,便叫蒙召之人得着所应许永远的产业。」I Pet. 1:18 彼得前书1:18:「知道你们得赎,脱去你们祖宗所传流虚妄的行为,不是凭着能坏的金银等物。」所以新约圣经不同的作者都用被赎、赎出来的这个字,有这个意思。

Another term used by Paul 另外保罗用另外一个词汇conveys the same thought:也是同样的意思的(我们就不读这些经文:加拉太书3:13、加拉太书4:5,参考林前6:20 买来的,彼得后书2:1,启示录5:9,启示录14:3-4。)Hence所以“the redemption that is in Christ Jesus这里“在基督耶稣里的救赎”cannot be reduced to lower terms than the ransom secured by Christ in the shedding of His blood and the giving of His life. 不可能冲淡它的意思,它的意思就是因为基督流出祂自己的血、舍弃祂的生命,确保了罪人的被赎出。

It should be noted in addition不但如此,我们还要注意到,that the apostle conceives of this redemption as something that has its permanent and abiding residency in Christ;使徒保罗看这个救赎是永久的、是永久的住在基督那边的,基督里,乃是这个救赎的所在地;it is “the redemption that is in Christ Jesus”. 这个“救赎那是在基督耶稣里的”。The redemption is not simply that which we have in Christ我们不仅仅是在基督里蒙救赎(以弗所书1:7)but it is a redemption of which Christ is the embodiment. 这个救赎本身,耶稣基督就是实现这个救赎的那一位。

Redemption has not only been wrought by Christ耶稣基督不单单成就了救赎大工,but in the Redeemer this redemption resides in its unabbreviated virtue and efficacy. 乃是说这个救赎是毫没有消弱的,能力功效没有减少的住在我们的救赎主里。It is redemption thus conceived that provides the mediacy through which justification by God’s free grace is applied. 就是借着这样子的一个救赎,借着这个救赎,上帝白白的称义的恩典借着这个救赎施行在人的身上。

好,我们再读一次23-24节:「因为世人都犯了罪,亏缺了上帝的荣耀,如今却蒙上帝的恩典,因基督耶稣的救赎,就白白地称义。

接下来有25-26节:「上帝设立耶稣做挽回祭,是凭着耶稣的血,借着人的信,要显明上帝的义;因为他用忍耐的心,宽容人先时所犯的罪,好在今时显明他的义,使人知道他自己为义,也称信耶稣的人为义。

这里我们讲了第21-24节,保罗现在打开了这个话题,福音是宣讲上帝的义,第一次用称义这个字,是白白的、因着恩典的、在基督里的、是借着祂的救赎大工的、借着信得到,而每一个信的人都得到;而确保这个称义的就是耶稣基督是谁,而且祂所成就的是怎么样的一个救赎大工;是付上重价,也是白白的恩典;我们不能付上什么代价,上帝付上重价,这个是荣耀的福音。

我们低头祷告结束:天父感谢你给我们看到福音是多么的荣耀,我们何时有这个心来诧异、敬拜、默想,求主你开恩让我们明白,也让我们加上我们的默想和赞美,从而发出动力来顺服你、来献给你,谢谢主!我们的救主是这么的奇妙,奉耶稣基督圣名求Amen。

星期六我们开始讲第25节。

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