约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷2_17 罗9:24-26
Epistle to the Romans Volume 2 Session 17《罗马人书注释》卷二第17讲
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:丽燕姐妹
我们在讲罗马书第九章22-24节,讲了六方面的细节,现在要讲第七方面的细节。我们先来读一读22-24节:倘若上帝要显明祂的忿怒,彰显祂的权能,就多多忍耐宽容那可怒、预备遭毁灭的器皿;又要将祂丰盛的荣耀彰显在那蒙怜悯、早预备得荣耀的器皿上。(这里暗示着,那有什么不可呢?)这器皿就是我们被上帝所召的,不但是从犹太人中,也是从外邦人中。这有什么不可呢?(根据和合本是放在24节的末了。)
7.第七方面的细节:The vessels of mercy God “afore prepared unto glory”. 上智是事先预备这些怜悯的器皿进入荣耀的。In this case there is no question as to the agent. 在这里谁是当事者呢? 毫无疑问是上帝。The vessels of wrath can be said to fit themselves for destruction;they are the agents of the demerit which reaps destruction. But only God prepares for glory. 愤怒的器皿可以说是自己预备自己面对灭亡的,他们是罪行的当事人,灭亡是他们该得的收获; 但是唯有上帝预备人进入荣耀。The figure of the potter is applied without reserve; 保罗毫不保留的就用上了窑匠的比喻; vessels unto honour correspond to vessels prepared unto glory. 尊贵的器皿就相当于上帝预备要进入荣耀的器皿。
The “afore prepared事先预备” points to the parallel truth indicated in “fitted unto destruction”就指向预备遭受灭亡、事先预备进入荣耀和预备进入和遭受灭亡之间的平衡相应性that there is continuity between the process of operative grace in this life and glory ultimately achieved. 因为有平衡的相应,所以我们看到因为这个预备得到怜悯、荣耀和预备遭受灭亡之间是平衡相应的,所以我们看到上帝在今生施行恩典和将来至终成就的荣耀两者之间是有连续性的,就好像遭受灭亡的器皿一样。The glory meted out is something for which the preceding state and condition prepared vessels of mercy. 上帝所要赐予的荣耀是怜悯的器皿的先前状态,就今生的状态,预备他们将来要领受的。(Refer to 2 Timothy 2:20-21 参考提摩太后书第二章20和21节:在大家人家,不但有金器银器,也有木器瓦器;有作为贵重的,有作为卑贱的。人若自洁,脱离卑贱的事,就必作贵重的器皿,成为圣洁,合乎主用,预备行各样的善事。
8.Number eight 第八方面的细节:Verse 24 must be understood in the light of the differentiation which permeates this whole passage from verse 6 onwards. 整段经文从第6节开始就充满着上帝在人间所做的区别的,必须根据上帝所做的这个区别来理解24节。(我们再来读一次这个24节:这器皿就是我们被上帝所召的,不但是从犹太人中,也是从外邦人中,这有什么不可呢?我们读一读新译本:这器皿就是我们这些不但从犹太人中,也从外邦人中蒙召的人。)This differentiation is the answer to the objection that the word of God might appear to have come to nought. 这个区别就是要对反方论点的回答,就是上帝的话会落空了吗?It is a differentiation which the purpose of God according to election causes to be, exemplified in “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated”, vindicated in God’s sovereign prerogative to have mercy on whom He will and to discriminate between vessels of wrath and vessels of mercy. 这个区别是因为上帝拣选人的旨意所导致的,例子是“我爱雅各、恨恶以扫”,还有上帝有权向谁施怜悯就会向谁施怜悯,而且祂区别出愤怒的器皿和怜悯的器皿,这些都是证实了上帝的区别完全是因为上帝拣选的旨意所导致的。
Since the apostle is not thinking abstractly nor dealing merely with the past, 保罗既然不再从事一种的抽象的思维,也不是仅仅处理过去的历史,he brings this to bear upon the concrete situation which he encounters and upon the way in which God’s sovereign will unto salvation is realized in the present. 因此保罗将这一点用在他所面对的当今的处境,也用在上帝救人的主权旨意如何在当今实现出来。So he said 所以他说“even us whom He also called not from the Jews only but also from the Gentiles”. 所以他会说:“就是我们,祂所呼召的人,不仅仅来自犹太人,也来自外邦人”。
This is the conclusion to what in English has been rendered as a question verses 22 to 24 with the implied answer that we have no reply against God (cf. verse 20). 英文圣经把22-24节翻译成为一个问题,中文也有的,这又怎么样呢? 我们有什么话可说呢?这里是这个问题的结论,所暗示出的答案就是:我们是没有话可以说,我们没有话可以向上帝还嘴的(参考第20节)。Paul applies what he has said respecting vessels of mercy prepared beforehand unto glory to actual experience in his own case and that of others. 保罗把他所说的,就是怜悯的器皿事先已经被预备要进入荣耀的,把这个用在他自己的具体经验,和用在其以信徒的具体经验上。He finds in the call of Jews and Gentiles the illustration of God’s working grace. 他看到上帝对犹太人的呼召和对外邦人的呼召是显明出祂施行的、祂所运行的恩典。
Although in verses 22-23 there is no direct reference to the decretive ordination of God in expressions “fitted for unto destruction” and “afore prepared unto glory”,虽然在第22和23节预备灭亡和预备进入荣耀没有直接指上帝所预定的永恒的旨意 decretive ordination,但是 it is not possible to dissociate verse 24 from the earlier passage in which calling is given its locus in relation to predestination(Romans chapter 8 verses 28 to 30). 但是我们不可能把第24节从上文一段经文把它抽离出来来理解的,上帝呼召是从预定这个关系来理解的(8:28-30)上帝呼召人要从祂预定的旨意来理解。(我们晓得万事都互相效力,叫爱上帝的人得益处,就是按祂旨意被召的人。因为祂预先所知道的,祂就预先定下效法祂儿子的模样,使祂儿子在许多弟兄中作长子。预先所定下的人又召他们来。又呼召他们。)
Never in Paul is calling anything else than according to purpose保罗讲到呼召的时候,总是说按照祂的旨意呼召的and, therefore, the mention of calling in this passage harks back to the sovereign will and purpose of God repeatedly appealed to in the preceding verses. 因此一提到呼召,我们就必须回到上帝主权的旨意和计划,这个是前文几节多次所诉诸的、所指向的。Thus the predestinarian background cannot be denied. 所以我们不可以否认这里对呼召的论述背后就是上帝的预定。Calling here has the same meaning as elsewhere:the effectual call to salvation. 在这里呼召的意义是与其祂经文的意义是相同的,就是上帝大能有效地呼召以致人得救。
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我们来看一系列的经文:Romans chapter 1 :7 罗马书第一章第七节:我写信给各位住在罗马,为 神所爱,蒙召为圣徒的人。罗马书第八章28-30节我们读过了,就不读了。1 Corinthians 1:9 哥林多前书第一章第九节,蒙召和得救是连在一起的:上帝是信实的,你们原是被祂所召,好与祂儿子我们的主耶稣基督一同得分。Galatians 1:15 加拉太书第一章第15节:然而那把我从母腹里分别出来,又施恩召我的上帝。上帝呼召保罗,就是从母腹中把他分别出来的;2 Timothy 1:9 提摩太后书第一章第九节:上帝救了我们,以圣召召我们,不是按我们的行为, 乃是按祂的旨意和恩典;这恩典是万古之先,在基督耶稣里赐给我们的。呼召就是有效的恩召,以至得救。
It is neither necessary nor proper to think that the preparation mentioned in verse 23 preceded the actual call. 假如认为23节这个预备是在上帝具体呼召人之,前先预备后呼召是不必要的,也是不正确的。The call would rather be the inception of the preparatory process. 事实上上帝呼召一个人这个是整个预备人得荣耀的过程的开始。
The reference to both Jews and Gentiles is all-important. 保罗指向犹太人和外邦人这个是至关重要的。That there should be the call from Jewry belongs to the argument of the passage as a whole. 从犹太人中有人被呼召,这个是与整段经文的论证息息相关的。The covenant promise has not failed上帝约里面的应许并没有废弃but comes to effect in the true Israel,the true children,the true seed. 这个应许在真以色列、在真子孙、真的后裔身上生效了。(参考经文包括罗马书第9章第6到第9节、第27节29节,还有罗马书第11章第5节和第7节,我们就不读了。)
This is expressing the words “not from the Jews only”. 保罗说“不仅是从犹太人”就表达出这个是上帝的约里面的应许没有废弃。The form, however, signifies 但是这里表达的方法就说明 the covenant promise and the electing grace of God have broader scope than Jewry. 上帝约里面的应许和上帝拣选的恩典的范围是比犹太人更广的。So“but also from the Gentiles” is added. 所以保罗接着就说“也是从外邦人”。In chapter 4 verses 12 to 17 在罗马书第四章12-17节 the interest of the apostle differs from that of the present passage. 在那里保罗所关注的与在这里所关注的是不同的。
There the polemic is focused upon justification by faith in opposition to works; 在那里就第四章12-17节保罗的争辩的焦点是因信称义而不是靠行为; here 而在这里 the interest is the fulfillment of the covenant promise. 在这里保罗所关注的是上帝实现祂约里面的应许。But there is a close relationship between the two passages, as may be seen particularly from 4 :16. 但是这两段经文之间有密切的关系的,参考罗马书第四章第16节。(4:16所以人为后嗣是本乎信,因此就属乎恩,叫应许定然归给一切后裔,不但归给那属乎律法的,也归给那效法亚伯拉罕之信的。)
The basic in Paul’s thought is the promise given to Abraham that in his seed all the families of the earth would be blessed。保罗思想里面最基本的一个概念就是上帝赐给亚伯拉罕的应许,上帝允许“地上万族”都因你的后裔得福。
Romans chapter 9 :25 -26 罗马书第九章25和26节:就像上帝在何西阿书上说:“那本来不是我子民的,我要称为我的子民;本来不是蒙爱的,我要称为蒙爱的。从前在什么地方对他们说,你们不是我的子民,将来就在那里称他们为永生上帝的儿子。”
These verses appeal to the Old Testament passages in confirmation of the call of the Gentiles, drawn from Hosea 2 :23 ; 1 :10. 这两节经文诉诸的旧约经文证实了外邦人蒙召,引用了何西阿书第二章23节和第一章第十节。There might appear to be a discrepancy between the purport and the reference to these passages in the prophecy and as applied by Paul. 在这些先知书经文的原意和他们所指的和保罗的应用之间好像有一些的出入。In Hosea they refer to the tribes of Israel and not to the Gentile nations. 何西阿书是指以色列的众支派不是指外邦的国家。
下面是慕理的回应:There should be no difficulty. 这个不是一个问题。Paul recognizes that the rejection and restoration of Israel of which Hosea spoke have their parallel in the exclusion of the Gentiles from God’s covenant favor and their reception into that favor. 保罗看到先知何西阿论到以色列被弃绝、后来被复原,与外邦人从上帝的约里面的恩宠被排除在外、后来被接纳在上帝的恩宠中是平衡相应的。Of Israel it had been said “Lo-ruhamah;for I will no more have mercy upon the house of Israel” (Hosea 1:6). (何西阿书第一章第六节)何西阿这样称以色列,给祂起名叫“罗路哈玛,就是不蒙怜悯的意思,因为我必不再怜悯以色列家,绝不赦免他们”。But this is not the final word. 但是这个并不是上帝至终要说的最后的话,不是的。God will again betroth in lovingkindness上帝会再一次的以祂的慈爱来聘以色列为妻(何1:10)西阿书第二章19-20节)and “in the place where it was said unto them,Ye are not my people,it shall be said unto them,Ye are sons of the living God”. 从前在什么地方对他们说:“你们不是我的子民,将来在那里必对他们说:你们是永生上帝的儿子”。
So it is with the Gentiles, once forsaken of God but later embraced in covenant love and favor. 同样的外邦人也是如此的,以前被上帝弃绝,后来被接纳在上帝约里面的爱和恩宠中。The same procedure is exemplified in both cases两个个案都显明同样的步骤and Paul finds in the restoration of Israel to love and favor the type in terms of which the Gentiles become partakers of the same grace. 保罗认为以色列被复原进入到上帝的爱和恩宠里面是一个预表,预表外邦人在同一个恩典中必定也会有分。“In the place where” (verse 26第26节)“在什么地方” may best be taken as referring in Paul’s application to “every place where the people have been regarded as aliens, they should be called the children of God”. 应该这样理解, 保罗在应用一个原则:在所有人们被看为是外邦人的地方,在这些地方他们必成为上帝的儿女的。
Thus “the utterance of God… is conceived, in a plastic spirit of poetry, as resounding in all Gentile lands”. 所以“你知道上帝所讲的话、祂的言说在所有外邦的国家中回响,这个是带有诗意这样子来说出的。“I will call”我必呼召 in this case should be understood not precisely the sense of “called” in verse 24 but as “named”. 这里的意思不是第24节那个呼召的狭义,不是有效的恩召,乃是命名 named。It is the new denomination that is expressed这里表达出一个新的名字、新的称号and the significance resides in this designation “My people”. “我的子民”就是这个名字所表达出的重要的意义。(Refer to Numbers 6 :27 参考民数记第六章第二十七节:你们要如此奉我的名为以色列人祝福,我也要赐福给他们。
The various designations, “My people”,“beloved”,“sons of the living God” express differing aspects of the new relationship and, in correlative with the effectual call are all soteric in their import. 新的关系不同的层面用不同的称谓来表达出来:“我的子民”、“蒙爱的”、“永活上帝的儿子”,这些都与有效的恩召相关的(24节),每一个的称谓都有救赎性的意义,每个名字都是与人得救有关系的。
我们下次来讲罗马书第九章27-33节。
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