约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷2_27 罗11:1-2
Epistle to the Romans volume 2 session 27 《罗马人书注释》卷二第27讲
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:丽燕姐妹
Romans chapter eleven 罗马书第十一章,我们来读11:1-10我且说,上帝弃绝了他的百姓吗?断乎没有!因为我也是以色列人,亚伯拉罕的后裔,属便雅悯支派的。上帝并没有弃绝他预先所知道的百姓。你们岂不晓得经上论到以利亚是怎么说的呢?他在上帝面前怎样控告以色列人说:“主啊,他们杀了你的先知,拆了你的祭坛,只剩下我一个人,他们还要寻索我的命。”上帝的回话是怎么说的呢?他说:“我为自己留下七千人,是未曾向巴力屈膝的。”如今也是这样,照着拣选的恩典,还有所留的余数。既是出于恩典,就不在乎行为;不然,恩典就不是恩典了。这是怎么样呢?以色列人所求的,他们没有得着,惟有蒙拣选的人得着了,其余的就成了顽梗不化的。如经上所记:“上帝给他们昏迷的心,眼睛不能看见,耳朵不能听见,直到今日。”大卫也说:“愿他们的筵席变为网罗,变为机槛,变为绊脚石,作他们的报应;愿他们的眼睛昏蒙,不得看见;愿你时常弯下他们的腰。”
Romans 11:1-10. I The question posed by the unbelief of Israel as a people pervades the section of the epistle. 罗马书这一段主要关注的是以色列的不信所引发出的问题。It comes to the forefront at various points and in different forms. 这个问题在好几处以不同的形式出现。
我们来看一系列的经文。9:1-3,27,29,31,32; 10:2,3,21第九章第一到第三节,然后第27节、29、31和32节。我在基督里说真话,并不谎言,有我良心被圣灵感动,给我作见证。我是大有忧愁,心里时常伤痛;为我弟兄、我骨肉之亲,就是自己被咒诅,与基督分离,我也愿意。第二十七节和合本,以赛亚指着以色列人喊着说:“以色列人虽多如海沙,得救的不过是剩下的余数。29节新译本:又如以赛亚早已说过的:“如果不是万军之主给我们存留后裔,我们早就像所多玛和蛾摩拉一样了。”31-32新译本:但以色列人追求律法的义,却达不到律法的要求。这是甚么缘故呢?因为他们不凭信心,只靠行为。他们绊倒在那绊脚石上,10:2,3,21我可以证明他们向上帝有热心,但不是按着真知识。因为不知道上帝的义,想要立自己的义,就不服上帝的义了。至于以色列人,他说:“我整天伸手招呼那悖逆、顶嘴的百姓。”。所以在第9章、第10章多处,保罗讨论以色列的不信和不信带来的问题。
At 11:1 another aspect of the same question is introduced. 到了第11章第一节,保罗带出同一个问题的另一个层面。At 9:6ff. the apostle dealt with what might appear to be the effect of Israel’s unbelief, namely, that of God’s word of promise had come to naught,第九章从第六节开始这一段,保罗讨论以色列的不信会有可能令人做出的推论,就是上帝应许的话废弃了, at 9:14ff. 而在第9章第14节起with the question as it pertains to God’s justice. 保罗讨论的是以色列的不信与上帝的公义或者不公义的问题。
Now the question 到了现在,就是第11章,Now the question is whether the apostasy of Israel means God’s rejection of them. 现在问题是,以色列的背离会否导致上帝弃绝他们。It is not, however, in these terms that the question is asked.但是问题不是这样问的。It is asked in a way that points up the gravity of the issue保罗的问法指出问题之严重性and anticipates what the answer must be: 也预起了答案必然会是什么: “did God cast off his people?”“上帝是否已经弃绝了他的百姓呢?”The answer, as repeatedly in this epistle, is the most emphatic negative available. 答案正如罗马书多次所说的,是断乎不是。参考罗马书3:4,6,31;6:2,15;7:7,13;9:14,断乎不是,断乎不可。
The ground for this negative answer is implicit in the terms used in the question. 这个负面的答案在问题的用词上已经暗示了,已经提供了一个根据。For Paul’s question is in terms that are reminiscent of the Old Testament passages which affirm that God will not cast off his people. 保罗问题的用词让读者想起旧约圣经宣告上帝不弃绝他百姓的那些经文的。
我们来看这些经文。I Samuel 12:22,撒母耳记上12:22节,耶和华既喜悦选你们作他的子民,就必因他的大名不撇弃你们。Psalm 94:14,诗篇94:14节,因为耶和华并不丢弃祂的百姓,也不离弃祂的产业。Refer to Jeremiah 31:37,参考耶利米书第31:37节,耶和华如此说:“若能量度上天,寻察下地的根基,我就因以色列后裔一切所行的弃绝他们。这是耶和华说的。”就是说有这种经文,当然不能量度上天,巡察下界的根基,所以耶和华在说:我不会弃绝以色列的后裔的。
The second part of verse one is an additional reason for the negative reply. 第一节的下半提供了这个负面的答案的另外一个原因。第一节的下半,保罗说,因为我也是以色列人,亚伯拉罕的后裔,属便雅悯支派的。There are two views of the force of the apostle’s appeal to his own identity as an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham and of the tribe of Benjamin. 保罗指出他自己是以色列人,是亚伯拉罕的后裔,是便雅悯支派这个身份,有两个关于保罗这个意思的观点。One第一个观点是is that, since he is of Israel, his acceptance by God affords proof that God had not completely abandoned Israel.第一个观点是,保罗既然是属以色列的,而他也被上帝接纳,这就证明上帝没有完全弃绝以色列。The appeal to his own salvation would be of marked relevance保罗诉诸他自己的得救会对这里讨论的问题特别是适切的because of his previous adamant opposition to the gospel. 因为他以前特别热心抵挡福音。
我们参考一些经文。Gal. 1: 13-14 加拉太书1:13-14,你们听见我从前在犹太教中所行的事,怎样极力逼迫残害上帝的教会。我又在犹太教中,比我本国许多同岁的人更有长进,为我祖宗的遗传更加热心。I Timothy 1:13-15 提摩太前书1:13-15我从第12节开始读:我感谢那给我力量的我们主基督耶稣,因他以我有忠心,派我服侍他。我从前是亵渎 神的,逼迫人的,侮慢人的,然而我还蒙了怜悯,因我是不信、不明白的时候而作的。并且我主的恩是格外丰盛,使我在基督耶稣里有信心和爱心。“基督耶稣降世,为要拯救罪人。”这话是可信的,是十分可佩服的。在罪人中我是个罪魁。
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The unbelief of Israel had been exemplified in no one more than in Saul of Tarsus. 以色列的不信(参考罗马书10:21节)在大数的扫罗身上是最明显不过了。The mercy he received is proof that God’s mercy had not forsaken Israel. 保罗所领受的怜悯就证明上帝怜悯以色列,并没有弃绝他们。On this view,根据这个第一个观点,“of the seed of Abraham of the tribe of Benjamin” would serve to accentuate his identity as truly one of that race with which he is now concerned. 根据这个观点,属于亚伯拉罕的后裔、便雅悯支派,就特别显出他的身份,他是他自己所关心的族类的一个成员。
The other view is第二个观点是that the appeal to his own identity is the reason given for the vehemence of his negative reply “God forbid”保罗指出他的身份为了提出理由,为什么他强烈地说“断乎不是”and, therefore, the reason why he recoils from the suggestion that God had cast off his people. 因此他为什么完全不能接受上帝弃绝了祂的百姓这个推论,而且听到这个推论会退缩。His own kinship with Israel, his Israelitish identity, constrains the reaction, “may it not be”. 他与以色列的血肉之亲的关系,他身为以色列人的身份引发出他的回应是“断乎没有”。
More meaning can be attached to “of the seed of Abraham of the tribe of Benjamin” on this interpretation. 根据这个第二种的观点、第二个解释,“属亚伯拉罕的后裔、属便雅悯支派”,就有更多的意义。These additions would drive home the depth of his attachment to Israel and emphasize the reason for his revulsion from the proposition that God had cast off his people. 保罗加上这个短句,就更加深刻地表明他与以色列亲戚的关系,更加强调他为什么不能接受上帝已经弃绝了祂的百姓的这个概念。
下面是慕理的结论:Both views are tenable两个观点都有可信性and there does not appear to be enough evidence to decide for one against the other. 并没有足够的理由在两者中选其一。
现在来到罗马书11:2:上帝并没有弃绝他预先所知道的百姓。你们岂不晓得经上论到以利亚是怎么说的呢?他在上帝面前怎样控告以色列人说:2 It might seem that no more than what is stated in the second part of verse one uh would have been necessary to answer the question at the beginning. 表面看来第一节下半所说的,已经足够回答第一节上半的问题了。But the negative reply is now confirmed by direct denial. 可是保罗负面的答案现在用直接的否认来做证实。The denial is in the express terms used in question with the addition of the clause “which he foreknew”. 这个否认是直接根据问题的用词来表达,再加上一个从句,就是“祂所预先知道的”。
The qualification which uh this clause provides offers the strongest reason for the denial; 这个从句所加上的描述提供否认上帝弃绝以色列的最强的理由; the “foreknowing预知”is the guarantee that God has not cast off his people. 就保证了上帝没有弃绝祂的百姓。The question on which expositors have divided is解经家在这个问题上意见是分歧的,whether the clause applies to the people of Israel as a whole这个从句是指以色列整个的民族,or whether it is to be understood restrictively as applying only to the elect of Israel distinct from the nation as a whole. 还是要以狭义来理解,不是指整个以色列民,只是指以色列里的选民呢。The strongest consideration in support of the latter view支持后者就是是指以色列的选民的最强的理由是the appeal on the part of the apostle to the differentiation and, therefore, to the restriction involved in particular election in verses 4—7. 最强的理由是保罗述诸于这个区别,因此述诸上帝特别的拣选,第4-7节提到的拣选所牵涉到的特定的意义,对以色列的特定的意义。
下面是慕理一些的评论:It may not be doubted but it is the election of a remnant from Israel that offers proof that God has not cast off Israel as a people (vs 5). 毫无疑问,上帝拣选了以色列里的余民(第5节),就证明祂没有弃绝整个以色列民族。The same type of argument is present in this chapter as is found early in chapter 9:6ff. 保罗在罗马书别处,譬如说从第九章第六节开始那段呢,他用了同样的论证的。In 9:6ff. the proof that the word of God had not failed resides in a differentiation between the true Israel and those of Israel, between the true seed and those of mere descent. 第九章从第六节开始的那段,保罗证明上帝的话没有落空,他用了以色列人和真以色列、亚伯拉罕的后裔和真后裔之间的区别作为证据的。
So in the present instance,因此在这里,the election of grace is the demonstration that Israel as a people had not been completely cast off by God. 在这里上帝恩典的拣选就证明上帝没有完全弃绝整个以色列民族。But it is not apparent that the qualifying clause in 11:2 must be understood as referring only to the specific and particular election of verses 4-7. 但是,在11:2这里的条件性从句是否是指4-7节的特殊的拣选呢?那这点就并不明显了。
As noted above, it is Israel as a whole that is in view in verse 1. 正如我们上文指出第一节所指的是以色列全民。The answers in the latter part of verse one apply to Israel as a whole. 第一节下半所提出的答案是指以色列全民的。Now the first part of verse 2 is a direct reply unfolding what is implicit in the latter part of verse 1. 第二节上半句直接展示出第一节下半所暗示的。
It would be difficult to suppose that the denotation is abruptly changed at a point where this direct denial is introduced. 在保罗进入到介入到直接的否定的时候改变了用词法吗?很难令人接受这个的看法。It is more tenable, therefore,因此比较可信的观点是to regard “his people”( vs. 1) and “his people which he foreknew”( vs. 2) as identical in their reference比较可信的是理解“祂的百姓、祂的子民”和第二节的“祂所预知的、预先知道的”百姓是等同的and the qualifying clause in verse 2 as expressing what is really implied in the designation “his people”. 那么在第二节的条件性从句,就是“祂所预知的”百姓,就表达出“祂的百姓、祂的子民”这个表述所暗示的。
If Israel can be called God’s “people”, it is only that which is implied in “foreknowledge” that warrants the appellation. 以色列若能够被称为上帝的“子民”,唯独是因为上帝的“预知”这个表述所暗示的事。There should be no difficulty in recognizing the appropriateness of calling Israel the people whom God foreknew. 称以色列为上帝所预知的子民的适切性、适合性应该不会受到质疑的。Israel had been elected and peculiarly loved and thus distinguished from all other nations. 以色列是蒙拣选的、特别蒙爱的,因此与所有其他民族是分别出来的。(Refer to the evidence adduced and comments thereupon under 9:10-13,pp12ff. 参考这本注释所引出的证据和注释,特别是例如9:10-13。
It is in this sense that “foreknew” would be used in this case. 那这里的“预知”的用法是这个意思。Paul then proceeds to adduce an example from the Old Testament. 现在保罗就进一步从旧约圣经提出例证。This instance is relevant because it provides a parallel to the situation with which he is dealing这个例证是适切的,因为与保罗所讨论的处境提出了平衡、相应的一个例子and furnishes a fitting illustration of what is his main interest in succeeding verses,同时为他在下面几节的主旨提出了恰当的例子, 就是namely, that notwithstanding widespread apostasy in Israel there is “a remnant according to the election of grace”. 就是虽然以色列普遍性的背叛上帝,但是仍然有根据恩典的拣选的余民的。
“Or know ye not还是你们不知道”is an arresting way of indicating what the readers are assumed to know or, at least, ought to know是一个引人注目的说法,指出保罗假设读者们已经知道,或者他们应该知道的and is a favorite expression in Paul. 这个是保罗所喜爱的用的他的表述。(参考罗马书6:16;林前3:16;5:6;6:2,3,9,15,16,19;罗马书6:3跟7:1是同样的意思的。) “Of Elijah” refers to that section of Scripture which deals with Elijah and in the Greek, for this reason, reads “in Elijah”. 是指圣经“记载以利亚”的部分,希腊文的翻译本是在“以利亚里面in Elija”。Elijah’s pleading with God against Israel is not to be understood as making intercession to God for Israel but, as the term “against” indicates, refers to the appeal made against Israel and therefore to the accusation quoted in verse 3 from I Kings 19:10 ,14. 以利亚在上帝面前对以色列的控告,不是为以色列民代求,“against反对”,是指出以利亚向上帝的祷告是对以色列民的控告,这里第三节是引用了列王纪上第19章第10节和第14节。
下一次我们讲罗马书11:3-4。
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