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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_11c(罗3:3-23)上

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹

好,我们继续3:19-20节,我们前面说过,在第19-20节,外邦人都属于那个律法有效的,就是律法的要求、律法的审判有效的范围里面。

This establishes the all-important consideration这里就证明一点,我们必须要考虑的、非常重要的一点,就是although the Gentiles did not have the Old Testament law外邦人虽然没有旧约的律法,and in that sense were without law而从没有旧约圣经这个角度来看,他们是没有律法的,yet they were not outside the sphere of the judgment which the Old Testament pronounced. 可是,他们并不是在旧约圣经所宣告的审判的范围之外。

This is saying that这个意思就是说,the descriptions given in those passages quoted were characteristic of the Gentiles as well as of the Jews前面所引用的经文,不单单是指犹太人的特质,也是指外邦人的特质,and the corresponding judgment rested upon them同样的,外邦人也有着同样的审判在他们的身上to the end that all might be without excuse and be condemned in the sight of God. 结果就是达成这个结果,就是所有的人都没有借口,在上帝的眼中都是被定罪的。

Chapter 3,verse 20:第三章20节,所以凡有血气的,没有一个因行律法能在上帝面前称义;因为律法本是叫人知罪。新译本:没有一个人可以靠行律法,在上帝面前得称为义;因为借着律法,人对于罪才有充分的认识。

20  The term by which verse 20 is introduced第20节一开始的那个字is not properly rendered by “therefore”若翻译成“所以”是不正确的,but by “because”:应该是“因为”才对。This verse gives the reason why every mouth is stopped and the whole world is condemned第20节这一节提供一个理由,为什么每一个口都被塞住,为什么全人类都被定罪,理由就是to wit,that “from the works of the law no flesh will be justified” before God. “借着守律法的行为,没有有血气的人能够在上帝面前被称义的”。

This does not overthrow the principle stated in 2:13:这并没有推翻第二章13节所指出的原则,就是that“the doers of the law will be justified”. “唯独行律法的人才称义”。This holds true as the principle of equity:唯独行律法的人称义,作为一个正直的、公正的原则是有效的but,existentially,但是从具体的情况来说,it never comes into operation in the human race在人类中从来没有生效、从来没有发生过,就是靠着行律法称义for the reason that there are no doers of the law原因就是,从来没有一个人是可以说是行律法之人,no doing of the law that will ground or elicit justification–没有任何的行律法是成为称义的根据,或者引发出上帝的称义–“there is none righteous,no,not one”(verse 10第10节) “没有义人,一个也没有”。For this reason为了这个缘故that there is actually no justification by the works of the law原因就是,具体上没有靠守律法的行为称义的the function of the law is to convince of sin. 因此律法所扮演的功能就是要叫人扎心知罪(第20节的下半)。

The law does perform this necessary and contributory service in connection with justification律法在整个称义的大工里面,的确扮演这个必须的有用的角色;it imparts the knowledge of sin律法赐给人对罪的认识and enables us to perceive that from the works of the law no flesh will be justified使我们能够看到,靠着守律法的行为the works of the law,没有有血气的人可以被称义的and therefore因此every mouth is stopped每一个口都被塞住,and the whole world rests under God’s judgment. 全世界都伏在上帝的审判之下。

The future tense in“will be justified”称义是未来时态的and  the“becoming ” intimated in “become liable to God”就是“成为、伏在上帝之下”do not refer to the future judgment. 不是在指将来的审判。These expressions point rather to the certainty and the universality of the propositions with which they are concerned. 这里的未来时态,是指他们所描述的事情是必然会发生的,而且是发生在全人类身上,是指着那个的确定性和普世性。

  1.   THE RITEOUSNESS OF GOD(3:21-31)

Romans 3:21-23 罗马书3:21-23节,

和合本:但如今, 神的义在律法以外已经显明出来,有律法和先知为证。就是 神的义,因信耶稣基督加给一切相信的人,并没有分别。因为世人都犯了罪,亏缺了 神的荣耀,如今却蒙 神的恩典,因基督耶稣的救赎,就白白地称义。

新译本:现在,有律法和先知的话可以证明: 神的义在律法之外已经显明出来,就是 神的义,因着信耶稣基督,毫无区别地临到所有信的人。因为人人都犯了罪,亏缺了 神的荣耀,但他们却因着 神的恩典,借着在基督耶稣里的救赎,就白白地称义。

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21-23  Meyer contends that the “now” at the beginning of verse 21 is not an adverb of time expressing the contrast between two periods,Meyer这个解经家坚持,在第21节一开始那个“如今”或者“现在”the now,不是时间上的一个副词,表达两个不同时代之间的对照,不是的,but that it expresses the contrast “between two relations,“现在”所表达的是 “两种不同的关系之间”的对照,namely就是说,“the relation of dependence on the law and the relation of independence of the law”. 这两种的关系分别是,靠着律法那种的关系和与律法相对来说独立的这个关系。这两种关系的对照。

He does draw attention to the pivotal contrast instituted here between justification “through the law”( which is nonexistent) and justification “without law” or “apart from law” which is the provision of the gospel with which Paul proceeds to deal forthwith. 使徒保罗这里所要读者注意的是那个关键性的对照,他也就在这里设立这个对照:一方面是靠着律法的称义,这个是不存在的;另外一方面就是在律法以外、离了律法、不靠律法的称义,而这个恰恰就是福音所提供的,保罗现在开始讨论这个称义。

But it is not apparent that the “now” in question should be deprived of its temporal force. 慕理前面好像同意这个Meyer的说法,但是他说,但是这里这个“如今”是不是完全没有时间上的意思呢?就不很明显了。Paul is emphasizing not only the contrast between justification through the works of the law and justification without the law,that is,without works of the law,使徒保罗不单单在强调律法的行为称义和没有律法的称义(后者没有律法的称义,就是没有律法的行为、不靠守律法的行为称义)之间的对照,but he is also emphasizing the manifestation of the latter which came with the revelation of Jesus Christ. 使徒保罗这里也强调后者的显明manifestation就是不靠律法的称义,在耶稣基督的启示显明了,当耶稣基督显现的时候,这个不靠律法的称义也显明了。

Now,in contrast to the past,this righteousness of God is manifested; 现今有别于过去,上帝的这个义被显明出来了;it has come to lie open to full view,as Meyer so admirably shows later on in his exposition. 就正如Meyer在后文的解经很清楚地说出,现在就让所有的人都看清楚了。This does not mean for Paul that justification without the law was now for the first time revealed,and that in the earlier period all that men knew was justification by works of law. 保罗这里的意思,并不是要说在律法以外的称义现在第一次显明,不是的;也不是说在以前的时代,人类所知道的只不过是靠着守律法的行为的称义,不是如此的。It is far otherwise. 事情刚好是相反的。

To obviate any discrepancy between the past and the present为了避免过去和现今之间有什么嫌隙Paul expressly reminds us 保罗就明文提醒我们,that this righteousness of God now manifested was witnessed by the law and the prophets. 保罗提醒我们,这个现今显明的神的义是有律法和先知们见证的。He is jealous to maintain in this matter as in other respects the continuity between the two Testaments. 保罗很热心地要坚持在这件事情上,就是称义的彰显,和在其他事情上、其他层面上,新约和旧约之间是有它的连续性的。

But consistently with this continuity,there can still be distinct emphasis upon the momentous change in the New Testament in respect of manifestation. 与这个连续性一致的是,在新约时期,在称义的彰显方面是带来一个惊人的改变的momentous changeThe temporal force of the “now”所以“现在”这个词在时间上的意义,can therefore be recognized without impairing either the contrast of relations or the continuity of the two periods contrasted. 所以这个“现在”这个词,我们是可以承认,没有削弱两种的关系、两种称义的方法的对照,也没有削弱旧约和新约之间的连续性。(一方面新约旧约都是靠信心称义的恩典这个信心称义。但是不论什么时候,靠守律法的行为称义跟在律法以外称义的确是相反的。)

When Paul says “without the law”保罗说“在律法以外”the absoluteness of this negation must not be toned down. 我们不可以冲淡,这是一种很绝对的否定。He means this without any reservation or equivocation保罗意思就是这样,毫不保留、没有犹疑in reference to the justifying righteousness which is the theme of this part of the epistle. 罗马书这段经文的主题就是上帝称义的时候要赐予的义,使徒保罗毫无疑问,这个义是在律法以外的。This implies that这个含义就是in justification there is no contribution,preparatory,accessory,or subsidiary,that is given by works of law.在人被称为义这件事情上,守律法的行为是一点贡献都没有,不论是预备人称义、随伴着人称义、或者附带在人称义,人守律法的行为是一点贡献都没有的。

This fact is set forth here both by the expression itself and by its emphatic position in the sentence. 有两方面,我们看得出使徒保罗要强调这一点:一方面是“without the law”在律法以外的几个字本身,另外就是这几个字在整句话里面是放在什么位置。And it is borne out by the sustained polemic of the epistle as a whole. 还有整卷罗马书的辩论一直坚持下去,也是带出这一点的。To overlook this accent若忽略了这个侧重点,is to miss the central message of the epistle. 就完全错过了罗马书整卷书的核心信息。To equivocate here若在这一点上有任何的犹疑,is to distort what could not be more plainly and consistently stated. 就等于扭曲了使徒保罗不能再清楚的、不能再一致性地所讲的道理。

The expression,“without the law律法以外这个表述”is not to be understood in the canonical sense不是指旧约的正典nor in the sense of dispensation. 律法以外也不是指旧约时期以外。It is not said that the righteousness of God now manifested was apart from the Old Testament viewed either as canon or as period. 保罗没有说,上帝的义现在彰显,这个义的彰显是在旧约圣经正典以外,或者是在旧约时期以外。

Paul says quite the opposite–使徒保罗讲的刚好是相反的–“it was witnessed by the law and the prophets是有旧约的律法和先知为见证的”in the sense that the law and the prophets bore witness to it. 意思就是说,律法和先知是见证上帝这个律法以外的义的。In the expression “apart from law”当使徒保罗用“在律法以外”这个表述the term “law” is used in the sense of “works of law”(verse 20)这里的律法的意思就是守律法的行为works of the law,20节and the thought is simply that使徒保罗的思想很简单,就是说,the law as commandment作为诫命的律法or as constraining to and producing works就是说约束人活出行为、产生好行为的这种律法contributes nothing to our justification. 在我们的称义事情上是毫无贡献的。

We have here an instructive example of the ease with which the apostle turns from one denotation of the word “law” to another.我们这里有一个对我们很有帮助的一个例子,给我们认识到使徒保罗很自如地用“law律法”这个字,从一个意思到另外一个意思。(就是说他用“律法”这个词,每次都可以不一样的;下文我们会看到,甚至在同一节经文里面都可以不一样。)

The righteousness that is unreservedly without law in one sense of the word “law” is ,nevertheless,witnessed to and therefore proclaimed by the law in another sense of that term.这里就是了,完全毫无保留在律法以外的义,这个在律法以外的律法是一种的意思的律法,却是由律法和先知做见证的。当然这个后者的律法又是另外一个的意思。Law in one sense pronounces the opposite of justification某一种意义的律法宣告了称义的相反,the law in another sense preached justification. 但是从另外意思来用律法这个字,律法是宣告称义的、见证称义的。

This illustrates the necessity in each case of determining the precise sense in which the term “law” is used by the apostle这里就说明了,我们必须每一次都确定每一次使徒保罗用律法这个字的时候,他的很精确的意思是什么and we must not suppose that a term has always the same denotation and connotation. 我们不可以认为同一个字每一次的意义是一样、含义是一样。Exposition has suffered from failure to recognize this variation. 解经的历史上充满着一种没有考虑到这个多元的用法的解经。Here the variation is exemplified in two consecutive clauses. 这里使徒保罗用一个字用两种不同的方法来用,就在先后两个短句的范围之内。

It is possible that “apart from the law” in verse 21 is to be construed directly with “is manifest”很有可能的是,在第21节“在律法以外”是指“是与彰显有关的”,就是现在在律法以外彰显出来、显明出来,rather than with “the righteousness of God”. 有别于上帝在律法以外的义,是上帝的义在律法以外显明出来,而不是上帝在律法以外的义现在显明出来。In this event假若是在律法以外显明的话,the emphasis falls upon the manifestation without law rather than upon the fact that it is a righteousness without law. 那么若是如此,使徒保罗所强调的是在律法以外的显明,而不是上帝的义在律法以外的这个事实。

Even if,syntactically,this construction were favored,(现在慕理来评估这个看法,)就算是我们支持这种的观点,从字句的构造来看,it would still follow by inference that it is a righteousness without law. 我们仍然会看到一个推论,这个义是在律法以外的义的。

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