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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷1_08a(罗2:9-13)上

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹

今天我们从罗马书第二章第九节开始讲解约翰·慕理的《罗马人书注释》。我先从第六节开始读到第九节。

罗马书2:6:“他必照各人的行为报应各人。”

V7:“凡恒心行善、寻求荣耀、尊贵和不能朽坏之福的,就以永生报应他们。”

V8:“唯有结党、不顺从真理、反顺从不义的,就以忿怒恼恨报应他们。”

V9:“将患难困苦加给一切作恶的人,先是犹太人,后是希腊人。”

我们再来看第八和第九节两节,第八节和第九节上半。

第八节是说:“唯有结党、不顺从真理、反顺从不义的,就以忿怒恼恨报应他们。”第九节是说:“将患难困苦加给一切作恶的人。”

我们来看约翰·慕理的话。

The thought of the apostle would have been represented much more accurately if a period or at least a colon were placed after “indignation” in verse 8. 使徒使徒保罗假如在第八节那个“恼恨”,也就是说我们中文的第八节的结束之后,假如放一个句号a period 或者full stop,至少一个冒号的话,那么就更加准确地表达出使徒的思路。“Tribulation and anguish”“患难和困苦”(第9节),are not to be coordinated with “wrath and indignation”( vs. 8) as if all four,without any breaking of thought are an enumeration of the elements of the punishment inflicted. “患难和困苦”不应该和第八节的“忿怒恼恨”并列,好像说四件事情就列出了上帝所施行的惩罚的四个因素中间没有一个中断,不是如此的。Verses 7 and 8 go together,因为第7和第8节是连在一起的,and show the consequence for godly and ungodly respectively of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God. 第7第8节指出上帝显明祂的公义审判的时候,对敬畏的人和不敬畏的人他们的后果是什么。

(第七第八节:“凡恒心行善、寻求荣耀、尊贵和不能朽坏之福的,就以永生报应他们。”第八节:“唯有结党、不顺从真理、反顺从不义的,就以忿怒恼恨报应他们。”)

The construction of verses 9 and 10,那么第9节和第10节的句子的构造,as Godet well expresses it,就正如解经家Godet说的好,他说is that the antithesis of verses 7 and 8 is reproduced in reverse order,第9跟第10节的句子的构造就是把第7节和第8节的对立重复说一次,但是次序是倒转过来的。第七第八节的那个对立在第九第十节再说一次,不过次序是颠倒的。

Hence there is good reason to believe that a break in the thought appears at the end of verse 8. 因此我们有足够理由相信在第八节结束的时候,使徒保罗的思路有一个中断a break 。Wrath and indignation describe the retribution of the ungodly in terms of the displeasure of God to which they are subjected,忿怒恼恨就描述上帝对不敬虔的人的不喜悦,所以上帝使他们伏在怎么样的一个报应之下whereas但是tribulation and anguish describe their punishment in terms of their experience. 但是患难和困苦就描述了在他们的经验里面的惩罚。(再来:愤怒和恼恨是要讲上帝对他们的不喜悦跟报应,患难和困苦是讲他们怎么样经历这个惩罚。)

There is of course,the closest relation,as will be noted presently. 当然这两者之间,就上帝的不喜悦跟报应和他们的经历,是有着最密切的关系的,我们马上就要指出的。But something of the relation escapes us if we do not appreciate the break of thought.但是假如我们没有看到第八节结束的时候有一个中断的话,那么我们不会最清楚地看出这个关系,会错过一点因素的。

In verse 8 在第8节the characterization of the ungodly comes first and the penal consequence last. 在第8节使徒保罗先描述不敬畏的人,然后最后讲出他们的结果或者惩罚。In verse 9 there is an inversion of this order;第九节这个次序是倒转过来的;tribulation and anguish verse 9 correspond to “wrath and indignation”( vs. 8),第9节的“患难和困苦”是相对于第8节的忿怒和恼恨的。Hence因此“tribulation and anguish” are to be interpreted as the consequences in human experience of God’s “wrath and indignation”. 因此“患难和困苦”要这样来解释,“患难和困苦”就是上帝的“忿怒和恼恨”在人的经验的层次上的后果。

And,without doubt,毫无疑问的,“anguish” expresses in relation to “tribulation” the same kind of intensification that “indignation” does in reference to “wrath”. 毫无疑问的正如“恼恨”是把“忿怒”讲得更强烈,同样的“困苦”也是与“患难”有同样的关系,“困苦”把“患难”又说得更加的强烈。

It may be artificial,however,to go further不过假如再进一步再推下去,就比较牵强了,and say with Godet that tribulation corresponds to wrath and anguish to indignation. 好像Godet说这个患难是相对于上帝的忿怒,困苦相对于恼恨就有点牵强了。

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我们继续“Upon every soul of man that works evil”,英文是这样说的,临到或者加给一切作恶的人的灵魂is an emphatic way of stating universality. 这里使徒使徒保罗加强他的语气,说出这件事情是遍及全人类的,universality它的普世性。“Soul灵魂”,我们中文没有把它翻出来,is not to be understood here as referring to the soul in man as a subject of tribulation and anguish,我们不可以这样了解“灵魂”,以为这里是指人的灵魂,就是患难和困苦的当事人,就是经历到患难和困苦的当事者是人的灵魂。“Soul” in the usage of Scripture is often the synonym of the person,灵魂这个词按照圣经的用法往往就是整个人、整个位格的同义词。我们中文已经把这种的解释已经翻译出来了,所以我们有所看不到。

我们看一些经文:

Acts 2: 41,43使徒行传2:41,43节:“于是领受他话的人就受了洗,那一天门徒约添了三千人。”43节:“众人都惧怕,使徒又行了许多奇事神迹。”中文没有翻soul出来的。

使徒行传3:23节:“凡不听从那先知的,必要从民中全然灭绝。”新译本:“无论谁不听从那先知,必定从民众中灭绝。”那个“谁”就是那个“soul”那个字,没有翻译出来。

还有罗马书13:1,所以我们不能用中文圣经来看原文在这里的“soul”这个字没有翻译出来。

总之把这个患难和困苦加给所有作恶的灵魂,那是原文的意思。

“Of the Jew first and also of the Greek”“先是犹太人,然后也是希腊人”(参考罗1:16)。The priority of the Jew applies to the condemnation and damnation as well as to salvation. 先是犹太人这个次序不单是在救恩上是如此,在定罪和受咒诅也是如此的。As the gospel applies to him not only with the priority of time but the relevance,正如福音对犹太人是先给了他,而且对他是有着首要的重要性,So同样的,the enhancement of his privilege and responsibility magnifies correspondingly the weight of his retribution,因此犹太人的特权越大,他的责任越多,就相对的来说他要受到的报应就越重,and clear proves that,很清楚一个证据证明that the priority that belongs to the Jew by reason of the dispensation of grace will be taken into account and applied in the adjudication of the final judgment. 很清楚的证明出,当上帝最后的审判作出判决的时候,因为犹太人在上帝施行恩典上是先得到的,上帝在审判的时候会考虑到这一点,换言之,审判也先加给犹太人,而且是更加的加重。

This priority of the Jew in the execution of final punishment runs totally counter to the conceit entertained by the Jew,犹太人在上帝执行最后的惩罚的时候,是排在先头的,这个与犹太人心里面所怀的傲慢是完全相反的,因为犹太人傲慢地以为that the punitive reward is for the Gentile but not for the seed of Abraham. 傲慢地以为上帝的惩罚这种的报应只是为外邦人的,不是为亚伯拉罕的子孙犹太人的。

所以犹太人不论在启示、在救恩上是先得到,或者是对他们来说是最重要,那么在惩罚、在咒诅方面也是排在前头的。

Romans 2:10罗马书2:10:“却将荣耀、尊贵、平安加给一切行善的,先是犹太人,后是希腊人。

In accord with the inverted structure referred to above the apostle now returns to the reward of the righteous. 使徒使徒保罗根据前面那个倒转的次序,现在回到义人所得的报应或者是赏赐(参考第七节)。He repeats two of the terms used in verse 7 “ glory” and “honor”,他重复了在第七节所用的两个词汇就是“荣耀”和“尊贵”。But instead of “incorruption” he now substitutes “peace”. 但是在这里他没有用“不朽坏”,现在他用“平安peace”来取代。

This term will have to be given its widest scope,平安这个词我们必须要从最广泛的角度来理解as embracing the fruits of reconciliation on the highest scale of realization,平安这个词就包含了上帝与人和好在最高的层次上实现的时候所结出的果子是什么,所接触过的就是peace with God,与神和好,and peace of heart and mind in the full enjoyment of God to all eternity. 还有一直到永远充分地享受到心中的平安,在永恒里享受到与神和好和心里面的平安。两个字英文都是peace,与神和睦,然后在心中的和平或者平安。“To the Jew first and also to the Greek.”也是“先是犹太人,后是希腊人。”

The repetition of this formula indicates,使徒保罗再一次重复这个公式,先是犹太人后是希腊人,就指出that the priority of relevance which belongs to the gospel in reference to the Jew is carried through in the final administrative reward–当上帝传福音的时候,犹太人是先得到的,不但是先得到而且对他们是最重要的,那么当上帝最后要施行赏赐的时候也是用同样的次序–the Jew will have priority in the bestowal of glory itself. 当上帝把荣耀本身做赏赐的时候,犹太人也是先得到的。The final judgment will take account of the priority of the Jew not only in the dispensing of retribution (verse 9)but also in the dispensing of bliss. 所以在审判的时候,不单是在施行报应,而是同样的在施行幸福\福乐的时候都考虑到是先给犹太人的。

Romans 2:11罗马书2:11:“因为上帝不偏待人。”

11 This verse is closely related both to what precedes and to what follows,第11节一方面与上文有密切关系,同时与下文也有密切关系的,confirmatory of what precedes and providing the transition to what follows. 第11节证实了上文所说的,同时提供一个转折点进入到下文。In relation to what goes before,那么与上文的关系是it is a reassertion of the equity of God’s judgment; 与上文的关系就是他再次宣告上帝的审判是公义的; he knows no partiality. 上帝没有偏心。The criterion of judgment is not privilege or position,上帝审判的准则不是人的特权或者有什么特殊的地位but that affirmed repeatedly in the preceding verses namely the character of men’s works. 上帝审判的准则乃是前面好几节多次重复说到的,就是人的行为的性质。

It might appear that the priority accorded to the Jew in verses 9,10 is inconsistent with the principle that there is no respect of persons with God. 表面上来看第9节跟第10节说到先是犹太人,好像和上帝不偏待人是不一致的。But it is remembered that,但是我们必须记得the priority accorded to the Jew gives him no immunity from the criterion of judgment which is applied to all indiscriminately. 我们必须要记得,犹太人排在,先不等于说他免疫,不必伏在上帝不偏待人这样所施行的审判的准则,犹太人跟外邦人一样,按照上帝同样的准则受审判。The determining factor in the award of retribution or of glory is not the privileged position of the Jew but evil doing or well doing respectively,所以是什么因素决定上帝施行报应还是赐予荣耀呢?不是犹太人的有特殊特权的地位,不是。乃是他是作恶的,还是行善的,就决定他受的是报应,还是得的是荣耀。

And the priority of the Jew applies to retributive judgment as well as to the award of bliss. 而不论上帝施行报应的审判,或者赐下福乐,犹太人是排在前头的。As will be noted in connection with verse 12,当我们进入第12节的时候我们会注意到the equity of God’s judgment and the fact that there is no respect of persons with him do not interfere with the diversity of situations which are found among men. 我们在第12节会看到上帝的审判是公义的,上帝是不偏待人的,这个事实没有冲淡上帝考虑到人类中不同的人处在不同的情况之下。

Equity of judgment on God’s part takes the diversity of situation into account上帝那边的公义的审判是考虑到人中间有不同的情况and hence the priority belonging to the Jew because of his privilege accentuates his condemnation in the event of evil doing因此先是犹太人因为他有特权,就使他作恶的时候所得到的咒诅是更加的显著just as the righteous judgment of God is verified and most relevantly exemplified in the award of glory in the event of well doing. 正如若是行善的话,那么上帝的公义的审判是在祂的赐予荣耀这件事情上是最清楚的证实和表现出来。

And needs to be noted furthermore,不但如此我们还要注意一件事就是,that no greater degree of glory,honor,and peace is represented as bestowed upon the Jew by reason of his priority. 注意到的是虽然犹太人有他特殊的优先的地位,但是他不会得到更多的荣耀、尊贵、和平安的。所以在这方面上帝是不偏待人的。

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