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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷一_11a (罗3:3-23)上

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:兰月姐妹

好,我们同心祷告:

天父,感谢你,你把你自己的圣言交托给你的子民,在旧约时期是如此,今天在新约时期也是如此。求主你让我们不要把你的话语当作理所当然,而是看为宝贵!赐福于你的教会,让教会充满着你自己的话语,好叫我们甘心情愿地存着喜乐感恩的心来顺服。谢谢主保守我们的学习。奉耶稣基督圣名求,Amen

我们来到罗马书第三章第3节。让我先读一读第一跟第二节,然后读完第三和第四节:

这样说来,犹太人有什么长处,割礼有什么益处呢?凡事大有好处,第一是上帝的圣言交托他们。

好了,先来到第三跟第四节:

即便有不信的,这有何妨呢?难道他们的不信,就废掉上帝的信吗?断乎不能!不如说,上帝是真实的,人都是虚谎的。如经上所记:“你责备人的时候,显为公义;被人议论的时候,可以得胜。”(罗马书 3:3-4 和合本)

我再读第三、第四节。新译本:

即使有人不信,又有甚么关系呢?难道他们的不信会使上帝的信实无效吗?绝不可能!上帝总是诚实的,人却是虚谎的,正如经上所记:“你在话语上,显为公义;你被论断时,必然得胜。”(罗马书 3:3-4 新译本)

(第二节最后一小段没有讲。)

3,4 At the beginning of verse 3 Paul asks a question第三节开始的时候使徒使徒保罗问一个问题,which may be rendered可以这样翻译这个问题“What then? 那又怎么样呢?”or “For how? 是怎么样的?”It is a question provoked by the consideration that the unbelief of Israel,to whom the oracles of God have been entrusted,must not be reckoned as in any respect interfering with or prejudicing the reality of this privilege that they were in possession of divine oracles. 这个问题由一方面考虑所引发出来:这方面的考虑就是,上帝既然把祂的圣言交托entrusted给以色列人,那么以色列人的不信是否会被算为干扰到、或者影响到他们的特权呢?他们的特权是他们拥有上帝的圣言。使徒保罗说不是的,他们的不信不会被看为是干预了、影响到他们拥有上帝圣言这个特权的。

For it might seem that,if what Paul says in the latter part of chapter 2 is correct,then Israel had forfeited this privilege. 因为表面上来看,假如使徒保罗在第二章下半所说的是正确的,那么以色列在这方面的特权是自我弃权了。This is what Paul denies. 使徒保罗否认这一点。使徒保罗说不是的。For he proceeds with a question which is intended to offset in the most emphatic terms any such insinuation or allegation:因为他就进一步问一个问题,问这个问题的用意就是要排除任何这方面的暗示,而且是用最强的语气来排除这些暗示的: “If some did not believe,若有一些人不信shall their unbelief make the faith of God of none effect?” 他们的不信会使上帝的信无效吗?We expect a negative answer:我们预料答案是否定的and Paul supplies it in a form which indicates his abhorrence of the suggestion. 使徒保罗的确回答,这个回答指出他多么憎恨这种暗示。The formula he uses could be rendered more literally as “far from it” 他所用的表述可以这样翻译:“绝对不是”but it really needs the force of the expression given in our version“God forbid”. 但是他的语气是这么强,我们的翻译也应该很强:“断乎不可!神禁止”。

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The most reasonable view of the unbelief in view in the forgoing question is这里所提到的不信是什么呢?最合理的观点是is the unbelief of the Jews in Paul’s day是指使徒保罗当代的犹太人的不信,exhibited in the rejection of Jesus as the Messiah他们的不信是拒绝耶稣为弥赛亚表现出来and therefore the unbelief of the oracles of God referred to in verse 2. 所以,他们既然不信耶稣是弥赛亚,就等于不信使徒保罗在第二节所提到的上帝的圣言。再讲一次:他们既然不信耶稣为弥赛亚,这的意思就是不信第二节所提到的神的圣言。By implication这里的含义是he charges the unbelieving Jews with the rejection of those very oracles on which they prided themselves. 含义是使徒使徒保罗控告这些不信(就是不信耶稣是弥赛亚的)犹太人,说他们拒绝了他们引以为荣的圣言本身。

This indicates the apostle’s estimate of the relation that the rejection of the gospel sustained to Old Testament institutions as a whole这里就指出使徒保罗怎么看人若拒绝福音,这个与整个旧约的体制的关系是什么?but particularly to that institution as it was focused in the messianic promises,特别是拒绝福音和整个旧约里关于弥赛亚的应许之间的关系是什么,an estimate which comes to expression more fully in his epistle to the Galatians. 保罗在这方面的评估,在加拉太书就更加清楚表达。

The reason why the unbelief of the Jews of his own day should be considered as that in view here is not only the terms he uses为什么我们认为使徒保罗这里所讲的不信是指使徒保罗当代的犹太人的不信呢?不单单是从他的用字看得出来,but also the fact that in the context he is addressing the unbelieving and disobedient Jewscf. 2,verse 17 ff.). 还有另外一个原因,为什么我们看这个不信是之当时的犹太人的不信呢?是因为在上下文,使徒保罗是在向那些不信又不顺从的犹太人写信的,(参考第二章从第17节开始的那一段)。是因为这个事实,所以我们这个不信是指当时不信耶稣为弥赛亚的犹太人。He is careful,however,not to include all Jews in this category;但是使徒保罗很谨慎,没有把所有的犹太人都归在这个范围里面;he says,“If some did not believe”. 他说“若有些人不信”。

The argument,therefore,is that所以使徒保罗这里要做的论证是the unbelief of some Jews did not invalidate the privilege of Israel in the possession of the oracles of God他的论证就是有一些犹太人是不信,他们的不信没有让以色列拥有上帝圣言这个特权失效nor does it negate the advantage of the Jew over the Gentile in this respect. 他们的不信也没有否定犹太人相比于外邦人在这方面的好处(就是他们有上帝的圣言)。

我多加一点点补充: 这里在讲的不是,或者这里问的不是犹太人是不是上帝的选民,也不是在讲他们是不是得救。这里讲的是:犹太人有没有上帝的话语在他们中间?答案是“有的”。上帝的启示、上帝的特殊启示交托了、存放在他们中间——deposited,entrusted。那他们不信?下面人是不信;上面,神给犹太人这个特权,有,祂的圣言,没有变。所以我喜欢用我这个橘子的例子:the orange,神没有变。祂这个不变的计划,包括把祂的圣言交付给犹太人。那下面,特别是犹太人在使徒保罗时期不信耶稣基督是弥赛亚,就等于不信这个整本的旧约,特别是关于弥赛亚的应许。这个不信没有影响到上帝继续的,或者至少这个事实没有变:上帝在旧约是把祂的圣言交付给以色列的。那当然在新约,是交付给所有,不论是犹太或者外邦人,凡是相信耶稣、属于祂的教会的人。没有说所有犹太人都不信,是指那些不信耶稣的犹太人。

But of even greater moment as implicit in the argument is the fact而在整个论证里面所暗示的更重要的是这个事实the unbelief of the Jews does not disestablish the truth and abiding validity of God’s oracles. 这个事实就是犹太人的不信没有让上帝的圣言的真实性和永久性被废除,没有影响到上帝的话是真理。The unbelief of some does not bring to nought “the faith of God”.有些人不信没有废除“上帝的守信”。This expression “the faith of God” does not mean our faith in God这里的“上帝的信”不是指我们信上帝,but God’s faithfulness. 乃是指上帝的信实。

This is apparent from verse 4从第四节就很清楚看到了;the latter is in such close juxtaposition to verse 3第4节和第3节是那么密切并列that it explains for us that which is intended by “the faith of God”.所以第四节为我们解释了“上帝的信”是什么意思。It is God’s faith-keeping上帝的信是指上帝的守信faith-keepingin contrast with man’s faithlessness是与人的失信faithlessness相对照着,and this is simply God’s truth or truthfulness. 这里所讲的就是上帝是真理,或者上帝的真实性。

“Let God be found true,but every man a liar”让上帝现为真实,每个人现为师撒谎的,is an arresting way of placing in the forefront the indefectible faithfulness of God to his Word. 是一个很令人注意的方法,来突出上帝是怎么样的不改变的对祂的话语的忠诚信实。It illustrates the conception which governs this epistle这里就为整本罗马书主要的概念做了一个例子that God is not determined in his purposes or in his promises by what is extraneous to Himself or to His will. 上帝祂自己的计划和祂的应许,不是由任何在祂之外,或者在祂的旨意之外的事所决定的。我再讲一次:上帝的旨意,也就是上帝永恒里所做的计划,包括祂的应许,不受到祂以外的任何事物所影响、所决定,也不受到祂整个永恒计划以外的任何事物所决定的。

What could advertise this truth more than the consideration that the oracles which are concerned with the gospel of God’s grace to men are not annulled even in their promissory design by that unbelief which offers contradiction to the truth and purport.  最能够显示出这个真理的,就是考虑到关乎上帝恩惠的福音的圣言,就算在他们作为应许的从这个用意的角度来看,没有被废除的,甚至乎人的不信就是与上帝的圣言的真理和意义矛盾的,也没有废除上帝恩典的福音的真实性。上帝的计划和祂的应许这个特点,没有被人的不信所废除。因为人的不信是与上帝的话语,或者上帝的计划的真实性相矛盾的。God’s truthfulness is inviolable even though all men are liars. 虽然每一个人、所有人都是撒谎的,这个没有损害到上帝的真实性。

The appeal to Scripture(Psalm 51:4) in this connection presents some difficulty这里使徒保罗所引用的圣经是诗篇51篇第4节,就让解经家要面对一个难题because of the difference between the relationship in which David spoke these words and that in which Paul adduces them. 因为大卫讲这些话的时候,与使徒保罗引用这些话,两者是来自两种不同的语境,他的处境不一样。

David said:大卫在诗篇51篇这样说的: “Against thee,thee only,have I sinned 我得罪你,唯独得罪你,and done the evil in thy sight,也行了在你眼中为恶的事,that thou mayest be justified when thou speakest,好叫你说话的时候显为公义and be clear when thou judgest. 当你审判的时候显为清正。”两者是有点不一样。The thought would appear to be as follows:所以使徒保罗思路应该是如此的:Sin is directed against God人犯罪是得罪上帝and sin even against fellow men (as was David’s) is sin against them because it is first of all and ultimately sin against God;而就算犯罪得罪人(好像大卫的谋杀跟奸淫)得罪人的罪是得罪了人,因为首先至终这个罪是得罪了上帝;再来一次:得罪人的罪是得罪人,为什么是得罪了人呢?因为他先是得罪了上帝,所以其次他才得罪人;所以therefore God in His judgment upon men for sin is always just. 因此上帝为了人的罪而审判人的时候一定是公义的。

And not only so. 不但如此。The character of sin as directed against God and for the reason that it is directed against God罪的性质就是得罪上帝,就是因为罪是得罪上帝这个原因,subserves the purpose of vindicating the justness of God’s condemnatory judgment. 所以,这个得罪神的罪,就证实了上帝定罪的审判的正直性,罪是扮演这个角色,是达成这个目标的。So far from detracting from the justice of God,罪一点都没有削弱上帝的公义,sin as against God promotes the vindication and exhibition of His justice in the judgment He pronounces in reference to it. 得罪上帝的罪是促进,或者显明、证实上帝的公义。就是当上帝宣告对罪的审判的时候,祂是显出祂的公义。

While this may appear to be harsh reasoning,yet it is consonant with the subject the apostle has in hand. 虽然表面上这种推论好像很无情、很冷酷,但是,是与使徒保罗目前当下讨论的题目非常一致的。He has been making emphatic protestation使徒保罗一直在很严重地在声明to the effect that the unbelief of men does not bring to nought the faithfulness of God. 声明人的不信没有废除上帝的信实。The appeal to David’s confession provides him with the strongest kind of confirmation. 所以当他诉诸、引用大卫的认罪的时候,这个就给了他一个最强的证实。

For David had said that因为大卫曾经这样说,sin,since it is against God,vindicates and establishes God’s justice. 罪因为他是得罪上帝,所以它是证实、设立了上帝的公义的。If sin does not disestablish the justice of God假如罪没有废除、拆毁上帝的公义neither can man’s faithlessness and untruth make void the faithfulness and truth of God:那么人的不守信和不真诚也不会废除上帝的信实真实God must be true though every man be a liar. 上帝必然是真实的,虽然每一个人都是撒谎的。

That this is the apostle’s use and interpretation of Psalm 51:4 the succeeding context indicates. 接下来的这段经文、这个上下文就指出使徒保罗是这样子在用和解释诗篇51:4节的。For he proceeds forward to deal with the false inferences which opponents would derive from the proposition that sin vindicates the justice and judgment of God–因为他马上就讨论反对他的人会提出一些错误的推论,是从罪证实上帝的公义和审判这个概念推出来的–(第五节)“but if our unrighteousness commendeth the righteousness of God,what shall we say?”(vs.5).“假如我们的不义推荐显明上帝的公义,那我们又怎么说呢?”

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