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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷1 _05b(罗1:16-20)a

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:Ruth姐妹

罗马书第1章16到17节,我们继续。 “From faith unto faith”,这一段我们讲完的时候你会发觉,这个“to”“以致于”,刚才我没有说“以致于”,我说“达到”,是故意的。暂时还是用英文“从信心到信心”的意思是什么呢?我们上一讲结束的时候说是与“对一切相信的人”是同义词。

我们继续。

It has been interpreted as referring to the advance from one degree of faith to another,有人这样解释:是从某一个程度的信心进到更高的层次,或者程度;or as equivalent to “by faith alone”,

第二个观点是,就是:唯独藉着信心的意思;or,第三个观点:as implying that the righteousness of God is by faith from beginning to end. 上帝的义从头到尾都是藉着信心的。有这三个不同的观点。It would appear that the clue to the interpretation is provided by Paul himself in a passage that furnishes the closest parallel,namely,Romans 3:22,(refer Gal 3:22). 我认为,怎么去解释这句话的线索,是使徒保罗自己提供了,就是在一段平行的经文里,就是罗马书3章22节。

参考加拉太3章22。罗3:22就是上帝的义,因信耶稣基督加给一切相信的人,并没有分别。】另外是加3:22但圣经把众人都圈在罪里,使所应许的福因信耶稣基督,归给那信的人。There he speaks of “the righteousness of God through faith of Jesus Christ unto all who believe”. (罗马书3章22节)那里他说到“上帝的义藉着耶稣基督的信心—当然是指对耶稣基督的信心,向一切相信的人。”(3章22,中文是这样翻译的:“上帝的义,因信耶稣基督,加给一切相信的人。”)

It might seem that the expression “unto all who believe” is superfluous in this instance有人可能会以为,“加给一切相信的人”这几个字是多余的,because all that it sets forth has been already stated in the expression which immediately precedes,因为这几个字要讲的,前面都已经讲过了,就是“through the faith of Jesus Christ”. “藉着相信耶稣基督”。But the apostle must have some purpose in what seems to us repetition. 但是我们看来好像是重复的事情,使徒保罗肯定有他的目的的。

And the purpose is 使徒保罗的目的是to accent the fact that not only does the righteousness of God bear savingly upon us through faith他要强调一个事实,不仅仅是说上帝的义“藉着信心”就在我们身上成就救赎,but also更加要强调第二件事情就是 that it bears savingly upon every one who believes乃是上帝的义对每一个人,每一个相信的人,都作成得救的果效的。

It is not superfluous to stress both两点都强调,不是多余的。For the mere fact that the righteousness of God is through faith does not of itself as a proposition guarantee that faith always carries with it this effect. 因为上帝的义是透过信心的,这个事实本身作一个理念并不保证信心每次必然有这个果效。We found already that the apostle laid stress on this in verse 16 我们在16节已经看到使徒保罗强调这样点的when he said “to every one that believeth”. 使徒保罗说“对,或者向一切相信的人。”

And the most reasonable view appears to be最合理的观点应该是这样子理解 that this same emphasis is intended by the formula “from faith to faith.”到了这里第17节,“本于信,以至于信”这句话所强调的是同一件事,就是叫一切相信的人。“From faith”“本于信”、“从信心”points to the truth that 指出一个真理就是only “by faith”are we beneficiaries of this righteousness我们唯独藉着信心成为这个义的受惠者,and so it is a “faith-righteousness” as truly as it is a “God-righteousness”. 所以这个“上帝的义”,“也是信心的义”,这个是“from faith”“ 本于信”。“To faith”“以至于信”“达到信”underlines the truth that就强调另一个真理,就是every believer is the beneficiary whatever his race or culture or the degree of his faith. 每一个相信的人,不论他的种族、文化、他的信心的程度,都是受惠者。Faith always carries with it the justifying righteousness of God.信心必然有上帝称义的义的果效的。

It is not unreasonable to take “from faith to faith”in construction with “a righteousness of God”. 所以我们若把“本于信,以达到信”,与“上帝的义”连在一起,是合理的。For since this righteousness is operative unto salvation only through faith因为上帝这个义既然唯独透过信心运行,在人身上成就救恩 it can properly be designated a righteousness of faith to all who believe. 所以我们很正确地可以称它为一个信心的义对所有相信的人。

我再解释一下那个“to faith”“以至于信”那个“to”就是“对”信心,“from faith”唯独藉着信心得到义,“to faith”是“对每一个信的人。”所以不是“以至于信”是“向信心”,“向相信的人”。

It is more natural,however,to couple “from faith to faith”with the word “revealed.”但是,“本于信,以向信的人”与上帝的义的显明连在一起就比较自然一点。The dynamic force of the word “revealed” relieves this construction of an objection which might be urged against it,因为上帝的义显明,这个“显明”是一个动态的“显明”,这样子,我们若把“上帝显明祂的义”,和“本与信,也向一切信的人”连在一起,就除去一个反对的理由,就是 that revelation as such is not dependent upon faith上帝的启示、祂的显明不是靠信心的;这个反对的理由就排除了。

With the dynamic import of the term “revealed” in mind,however,但是,我们若考虑到上帝的义显明出来,这个“显明”是一个动态的“显明”的话,the thought expressed is 这里所表达的就是说 that the righteousness of God is efficiently made known unto justification only through faith上帝的义有效地被显明出来,唯独藉着信心,使人称义,and that it is invariably operative to this end in the case of every one that believes. 而这个的原则在每一个相信的人的身上必然的是运行成就的。

The appeal to Habakkuk 2:4 is for the purpose of confirmation from the Old Testament.使徒保罗这里诉诸于哈巴谷书2:4,是为了从旧约得到一个证实(“义人必因信得生”)。Discussion has turned on the question of the proper rendering,学者们曾经讨论过,怎样才算是正确的翻译的方法,whether “by faith”“因信” is to be taken with the subject of the sentence,or with the predicate.“因信”是与主体“义人”“因信”呢,还是与这个谓语“因信得生”。Are we to render the proposition,“The righteousness by faith shall live”我们应该这样翻译吗?说“义人因信心必然活着”,or “The righteous shall live by faith”还是说“义人必因信活着”? Is the proposition to the effect that the righteous will live这个意思究竟是“义人必得生”?“必活着”? or to the effect of intimating how the righteous will live,namely,by faith还是要指出义人是如何活的呢?是藉着信心而活呢? There are good reasons for the latter alternative.第二个说法好像比较多一点支持的理由。

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(1)第一个理由。Habakkak 2:4 cannot naturally be interpreted any other way,哈巴谷书2:4节没有其它的自然的解释的,and the massoretic interpunctuation favours this view. 而且标点符是支持这个看法的。

(2) 第二个理由。The truth being established by the apostle is 使徒保罗要证明的,要设立的真理就是that the righteousness of God is by faith–上帝的义是藉着信心的–the emphasis rests upon the way in which man becomes the beneficiary of this righteousness. 所强调的是人是藉着什么样的途径成为这个上帝的义的受惠者,他们领受这个义。We should expect that the reference to “faith” in the quotation would have the same force. 所以,我们应该预期在保罗所引用的旧约经文里面,当他指到信心的时候的意义也是一样的。

(3) 第三个理由。The expression “the righteous by faith” is not one that can plead the analogy of Scripture usage. 若说那个“藉着信心的义人”这种的表达的方式,不能用以经解经,或者经文的用字法来支持的。

罗马书第1章第16到17节结束。罗马书第1章18到32节,首先是第18到20。现在来到罗马书第1章18到32节,从第1章18到23节开始。首先有第1章18到23节的简介,原著是34页。

From 1:18 to 3:20 the theme of the apostle is the universality of sin and condemnation.罗马书1:18-3:20保罗的主题是:罪和定罪是普世性的,全人类都在罪中,都被定罪。“All have sinned and come short of the glory of God.”(罗马书3章23节)“所有人类都犯罪了,都达不到上帝的荣耀,亏欠上帝的荣耀。”(罗马书3章10节)“There is none righteous,no,not one.”“没有一个是义人,没有,一个都没有。”And the consequence is that所以结果是every mouth is stopped上帝塞住每一个人的口,and the whole world is made subject to the judgment of God全世界都被上帝,使它伏在上帝的审判之下(罗马书3章19节)。

It is to the establishment of this thesis that this whole passage is directed. 整段经文(1:18到3:20)就是为了要证明这一点。The design of the apostle in establishing this thesis appears plainly from 3:20从罗马书3章20节我们很清楚看见使徒保罗要证明这个要点的计划是什么when he says that 在第3章20节他说from works of law no flesh will be justified in God’s sight. 凡有血气的,没有可以靠着守律法的行为在上帝的眼中被称义。

In other words,换言之,the design is to show that使徒保罗的目的就是要指出,the salvation provided in the gospel is the need of all福音里所提供的救恩是全人类所需要的,and that the power of God is operative unto salvation only through the revelation of the righteousness of God appropriated by faith. 而上帝运行在人身上使人得救的大能是唯独藉着祂显明祂的义,也唯独藉着信心,人可以领受。

The convergent lines of the apostle’s argument all meet in a conclusive demonstration that使徒保罗的论据有不同的,好像不同几条线在一个结论里面汇合了,他就证明说all,both Jews and Gentiles,are guilty before God,全人类,包括犹太人和外邦人,都在上帝面前是有罪的,guilty,有罪的,are utterly destitute of the good which would make them well-pleasing to God,他们完全没有使他们讨神喜悦的良善,and are therefore the subjects of his wrath. 因此他们都是伏在上帝的忿怒之下,都必须遭受上帝的忿怒。

The particular section with which we are now concerned现在我们要关注的这一段经文(第1章18到32节) deals with the sin,apostasy,and degeneration of the Gentile world. 在这里保罗所处理的是外邦人世界里面的罪恶,离经背道,或者背弃上帝和他们的败坏。 “apostasy”从这里开始我翻译“背弃上帝”,弃绝的弃;而上帝的“abandonment”“上帝的任凭”,我翻译“弃置”,或者“弃绝”,两个都有弃绝。人的apostasy是“背弃”、“离经背道”、“背弃”;上帝abandonment,是上帝“弃绝他们”、“任凭他们”,或者“弃置”,把他们放在一个被丢弃的一个位置。

Romans1:18,罗马书1:18  The word “revealed” with which verse 18 begins in the Greek text has,for this reason,distinct emphasis. 第18节第一个希腊文字是“显明”,放在第一个字这个位置就是要特别强调它的意思。It corresponds to the same word in verse 17,这个“被显明”与第17节同一个字是相配的,but since its subject is different但是所被显明的主体不一样it is the total contrast between verse 17 and verse 18 that is thrust into prominence. 所以使徒保罗所要突出的就是第17节跟第18节完全是被对照的,两码事。

“The wrath of God” stands in obvious antithesis to “the righteousness of God” in verse17. 第18节的“上帝的忿怒”很明显地与第17节的“上帝的义”是对立的,是相反的。This fact of antithesis shows unmistakably,if any confirmation were needed,这样子的对立,“神的忿怒”、“神的义”的对立,毫无疑问就指出,假如我们需要证据,就指出that “the righteousness of God” is not the attribute of justice(第17节的)“上帝义”不是上帝的公义、正直的属性,but the righteousness provided in the gospel 乃是上帝在福音里面所赐予的、所提供的义to meet the need of which the wrath of God is the manifestation. 是上帝所赐的义来满足人的需要,而上帝的忿怒恰恰就是要彰显出人这方面的需要。The justice of God being retributive in reference to sin would not be the provision for escape from wrath. 上帝的公义既然面对罪的时候,是罪的报应,所以就不是上帝提供的让人逃脱上帝忿怒的路。

It is unnecessary,and it weakens the biblical concept of the wrath of God,to deprive it of its emotional and affective character. 假如有解经家要讲到上帝的忿怒的时候,说这个没有上帝所谓情感的这个层面的话,是不必这样理解的,也是圣经里上帝的忿怒的概念显得被减弱了,不要这样地来做。Wrath in God must not be conceived of in terms of the fitful passion with which anger is frequently associated in us. 上帝的忿怒不可以这样去理解,不可以认为就是好像我们发脾气的时候充满着激情的、不能控制的怒气一样。

But to construe God’s wrath as consisting simply in his purpose to punish sin 反过来说,假如我们认为上帝的忿怒只不过是祂定意要惩罚罪or to secure the connection between sin and misery或者说上帝的忿怒只不过是保证罪和痛苦有关联的话is to equate wrath with its effects 这样做的话就等于把上帝的忿怒与上帝忿怒的结果等同了and virtually eliminate wrath as a movement within the mind of God. 就等于排除了上帝心意里面有忿怒。假如上帝的忿怒只不过是祂要惩罚罪,或者罪是有痛苦的,这样的所谓很理性的了解上帝的忿怒的话,就等于是上帝没有忿怒。

Wrath is the holy revulsion of God’s being against that which is the contradiction of his holiness. 忿怒就是上帝对任何与祂的圣洁矛盾的事情的憎恨,圣洁的憎恨。The reality of God’s wrath in this specific character is shown by the fact上帝的忿怒里的这方面的圣洁的憎恨的特性的,这个是真的,何以见得呢? that it is “revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men”.从这件事情可以看到,上帝的忿怒是从天上显明的,是针对人所有的不敬虔和不义ungodliness and unrighteousness不虔和不义。

The same dynamic feature of the term “revealed,” as it appears in verse17,will have to be understood in this case also. 正如在第17节,上帝的义“显明”这个字是动态的,在这里我们也要这样理解上帝的忿怒的显明是动态的。The wrath of God is dynamically,effectively operative in the world of men,上帝的忿怒在人间的世界里是带有能力的,有果效的在运行的,and it is as proceeding from heaven,the throne of God,它是从上帝的宝座,天上而来的,that it is thus active. 所以它是充满着动力的。因为它是从天上而来的。We must regard the penal afflictions,therefore,as due to the exercise of God’s wrath upon the ungodly. 所以我们必须这样看上帝所施行的惩罚,都是因为上帝向不敬虔的人发出这个忿怒。There is a positive outgoing of the divine displeasure上帝的不喜悦是直接从祂里面积极的发出的。

The contention of Philippi that the term “revealed” can refer only to “an extraordinary revelation through miraculous acts” and therefore only to that which is supernatural has much to support it in the New Testament use of the terms “reveal”and “revelation.”有一位学者,他的姓氏是腓立比,他认为“显明”这个字,只能够是指一种不寻常的,透过神迹的作为的彰显,“显明”是这个意思。因此这个“显明”只是指一些超自然的显明。慕理说,假如根据新约用“显明”,或者“启示”这个字,腓立比这个看法是有理由的。

But to restrict the revelation of wrath spoken of to the final judgment and to the extraordinary “precursory and preparatory revelations of wrath” such as the deluge,the dispersion of nations,and the division of tongues,as Philippi does,seems hardly possible但是我们觉得完全不可能同意腓立比把上帝显明祂的忿怒只限于将来最后的审判,加上一些非常不寻常的、上帝预备性地来显明祂的忿怒,譬如说挪亚时候的洪水呀、使民族分散到不同国家啊,使他们的语言纷乱等等,只是指这几件事,是不可能的。

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