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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷2_20 罗10:1-4

Epistle to the Romans Volume 2 Session 20《罗马人书注释》卷二第20讲

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:丽燕姐妹

罗马书第十章第一节到第三节,首先我们读慕理所引用的英文翻译版:1  Brethren, my heart’s desire and my supplication to God is for them, that they may be saved. 2  For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. 3  For being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God.和合本:弟兄们,我心里所愿的,向上帝所求的,是要以色列人得救。我可以证明他们向上帝有热心,但不是按着真知识。因为不知道上帝的义,想要立自己的义,就不服上帝的义了。

我们上一次从第一节开始的,我们看到在第十章保罗所关注的,就是第九章末了所讨论的题目:以色列人绊倒,是因为他们追求靠行为的义,他们试图自行建立自己的义,不顺服在上帝的义之下。因此到了第十章第一节,保罗的思路并没有中断。不过我们要注意,当保罗讨论以色列的罪孽的时候,祂揭露一件的事,就是祂对祂骨肉至亲的热心,让我们想起祂怎么开始讨论以色列的不信的,就是在第9章第一到第三节。这里的用词没有前文那么强烈,但是还是有那种从心底里发出的诚恳的为了祂的骨肉至亲的救恩的关心。

现在我们继续:The address with which he begins,“Brethren”, 他以“弟兄们”这个称呼开始 is one charged with emotion and affection这个充满着感情 and draws our attention to a solicitude, expressed in the words that follow, for those who are outside of the fellowship which the term “brethren” implies. 让人注意到后文要表达出的关心,保罗关心那些在弟兄们的团契以外的人。

The word rendered “desire” is more properly translated “good-pleasure”。愿意这个词更好的翻译是美意, good-pleasure 或者美意。(参考一些的经文:With reference to God 假如说论到上帝的美意的话,有马太福音第十一章26节、路加福音第二章14节、路加福音第十章21节、路加福音第十二章32节、以弗所书第一章5和9节、腓立比书二章13节。假如是论到人的美意有罗马书第15章26节、哥林多后书5章8节、哥林多后书12章第10节、帖撒罗尼迦前书2章8节和三章第一节、帖撒罗尼迦后书二章12节。)

We are reminded of Ezekiel 18:23 and 32 and 33:11, 我们会联想到以西结书18章23和32节还有以西结书的第33章第11节,  in which God proclaims it to be His good-pleasure that the wicked turn from his evil way and live. 上帝宣告祂的美意就是愿意恶人从行恶之路回转而得存活。(我们来看以西结书上帝论到祂的美意的一些的经文:以西结书第十八章二十三节:主耶和华说:恶人死亡,岂是我喜悦的吗?不是喜悦他回头离开所行的道存活吗?以西结书第18章32节:主耶和华说:我不喜悦那死人之死,所以你们当回头而存活。”以西结书第33章第11节:你对他们说,主耶和华说:我指着我的永生起誓,我断不喜悦恶人死亡,惟喜悦恶人转离所行的道而活。以色列家啊,你们转回、转回吧!离开恶道,何必死亡呢?)

So here Paul asserts the good pleasure the delight of his heart with reference to Israel. 所以同样的,在这一节保罗说出他心中所喜悦的,就是他对以色列的美意。This is joined with supplication to God for Israel. 同时他也为以色列向上帝祈求。 “That they might be saved 好叫他们得救”expresses that to which the good-pleasure of his heart and his supplication were directed. 这个表达了他心中的美意和他的祈求。The sorrow and pain of heart ( 9 :1) were not, therefore, emotions of hopeless melancholy; 因此(在罗马书第9章第一节)保罗为以色列的忧愁和心中的痛苦不是一个绝望的忧郁; they were joined with goodwill toward Israel与这个忧愁同时,保罗对以色列怀有善意and the outgoing of specific and treaty to God on their behalf to the end that they might be saved. 向上帝为他们针对性的祈求,好叫他们得救。Here we have a lesson of profound import. 这里有着一个深奥的重要的教训。

In the preceding chapter 在罗马书第9章 the emphasis is upon the sovereign and determinative will of God in the differentiation that exists among men. 第9章重点是在上帝主权的预定的旨意,按照这个旨意上帝在人类中做了区分。God has mercy on whom He wills and whom He wills He hardens. 祂愿意、祂定意要怜悯谁就怜悯谁,祂定意要使谁的心刚硬就使谁刚硬。Some are vessels for wrath, others for mercy.有些器皿就是为了遭受愤怒的,其他的器皿是为了领受怜悯的。An ultimate destiny is envisioned in destruction and glory. 而最终的结局或者是灭亡,或者是得荣耀。But this differentiation is God’s action and prerogative, not man’s. 可是这个区分是上帝的权利,不是人的。

And because so, 因为如此 our attitude to men is not to be governed by God’s secret counsel concerning them. 我们对人的态度不可以根据上帝对他们的,也就是没有启示过的永恒的旨意。我加一句:意思就是说不能根据上帝有没有预定他们。It is this lesson and the distinction involved that are so eloquently inscribed on the apostle’s passion for the salvation of his kinsmen. 这些的教训和所牵涉到的区别,透过保罗对他骨肉至亲的救恩的热切的关怀很优美的写出来了。We violate the order of human thought and trespass the boundary between God’s prerogative and men’s when the truth of God’s sovereign counsel constrains despair or abandonment of concern for the eternal interests of men. 上帝主权的计划、上帝主权的预定若是使人绝望,或者使我们不再关怀别人永生的好处,这个就违反了人类正确思维的秩序,也越过了上帝的权利与人的权利之间的界限了。

Romans 10:2 -3 罗马书第十章第二节和第三节:新译本:我可以为他们作证,他们对上帝有热心,但不是按着真见识;他们既然不明白上帝的义,而又企图建立自己的义,就不服上帝的义了。

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2,3    When Paul says “I bear them witness” 当保罗说“我为他们作见证”的时候呢 he is making allowance for the religious interest which Israel possessed and according to them the credit due on this account. 保罗考虑到以色列人是有关注到宗教上的事的,因此保罗在这方面归功给他们。They have “zeal for God”. 他们对上帝是有发热心的。No one knew better than the apostle what such zeal was; 保罗比任何人都更了解这个热心是什么; in no one had risen to greater intensity. 没有人的热心比保罗的强的。(我们看一些的经文:Acts 26:5 使徒行传26章第五节:他们若肯作见证,就晓得我从起初是按着我们教中最严紧的教门作了法利赛人。Galatians 1:14 加拉太书1:14:我又在犹太教中,比我本国许多同岁的人更有长进,为我祖宗的遗传更加热心。)

Hence we know from personal experience the state of mind and conscience with which he credited his kinsmen and his “witness” to that effect takes on added meaning for that reason. 因此保罗从个人经验知道这种的思维模式和良心的状态,并且这样子来分析他同胞们的内心,为了这个缘故,保罗为这个事情所做的见证就更加有意义了。The adversity, 可是相反的、反面的要说的是, “but not according to knowledge”, “但不是根据知识或者见识”points to the criterion by which “zeal for God” is to be judged. 这个就指出判断对神热心的准则是什么。Zeal is a neutral quality热心本身是中性的and can be the greatest vice. 热心可能是大罪。It is that to which it is directed that determines its ethical character. 要看是为了什么事发热心,才能决定这个热心是善还是恶。The criterion, therefore, is “knowledge”. 因此判断热心的准则是“知识”。The term used here “knowledge” is one that often expresses the thorough knowledge that is after godliness to be distinguished from the knowledge that puffs up. 这里的用词表达了在敬虔上透彻的、彻底的知识,有别于叫人骄傲的知识。

我们来看一些的经文:哥林多前书第八章第1节:论到祭偶像之物,我们晓得我们都有知识;但知识是叫人自高自大,惟有爱心能造就人。所以有一种知识是叫人自高自大的。还有哥林多前书13章第二节和第八节,相对于有别于以弗所书第一章17节:有一种的知识不是那种叫人自高自大的知识,以弗所书1:17: 求我们主耶稣基督的 神,荣耀的父,将那赐人智慧和启示的灵赏给你们,使你们真知道他。新译本:使你们充分的认识祂。以弗所书第四章13节:直等到我们众人在真道上同归于一,认识上帝的儿子,得以长大成人,满有基督长成的身量,Philippians 1:9 腓立比书第一章第九节:我所祷告的,就是要你们的爱心在知识和各样见识上多而又多,Colossians 1:9 歌罗西书第一章第九节:因此,我们自从听见的日子,也就为你们不住地祷告祈求,愿你们在一切属灵的智慧悟性上,满心知道 神的旨意。Colossians 3:10 歌罗西书第三章第十节:穿上了新人,这新人在知识上渐渐更新,正如造他主的形像。1 Timothy 2:4 提摩太前书二章第四节:他愿意万人得救,明白真道。新译本:他愿意万人得救,并且充分认识真理。2 Timothy 2:25 用温柔劝戒那抵挡的人,或者 神给他们悔改的心,可以明白真道,认识真道。2 Timothy 3:7 提摩太后书第三章第七节:常常学习,终久不能明白(知道)真道。Titus 1:1 提多书第一章第一节:上帝的仆人、耶稣基督的使徒保罗,凭着上帝选民的信心与敬虔真理的知识

Verse 3 gives the reason why their zeal was not according to knowledge and explains what this lack of knowledge was: 第三节说出他们的热心为什么没有知识的原因: they did not know God’s righteousness. 他们不认识或者不晓得上帝的义。

我们再读第三节,我们读新译本:他们既然不明白上帝的义,而又企图建立自己的义,就不服上帝的义了。

It is not merely that they did not acknowledge His righteousness while at the same time knowing that it was that to which the Scriptures bore witness; 这不仅仅是他们虽然知道圣经为这个义作见证,却不承认它; they did not apprehend that which had been revealed. 更加是他们并不了解圣经,或者上帝所启示的。This concept of “God’s righteousness” is that introduced at 1:17 and unfolded still further at 3:21, 22. 上帝的义的概念在罗马书第一章17节已经提过,在第三章21-22节进一步展示。

In opposition to God’s righteousness Israel sought to establish their own. 以色列不认识上帝的义,反而要试图建立自己的义。Thus again Paul institutes the antithesis所以保罗再次的设立一个对立 between a God-righteousness and a human righteousness, 就是上帝的义和人的义之间的对立,  a righteousness with divine properties in contrast with that derived from human character and works. 一个有上帝的属性的义和一个源自人的品格和行为的义,两者之间是彼此对立的。This is the theme developed in the early part of the epistle. 这个主题在罗马书上文已经发挥过的。Just as in 9 :11, 30 -32 正如罗马书第九章11节和30-32节一样 there is distinct allusion to what had been argued at length in 3:21 -5:21,so here also.  所以这里也明显的暗指保罗在第3章21-5章21的论证,这里也是如此,与第9章一样暗指着三四五章所论证的。

The basic error of Israel 以色列基本的错误是 was misconception respecting the righteousness unto justification. 就是误解了那个叫人称义的义。The righteousness of God as the provision for man’s basic need is here viewed as an ordinance or an institution requiring subjection. 上帝的义,就是上帝为人最基本的需要的供给,是上帝设立的典章是人必须服从的。To this ordinance Israel did not subject themselves. 以色列人并没有降伏在这个典章之下。

It is the “zeal for God” that places in bolder relief the tragedy of Israel’s failure to attain the law-righteousness. 为上帝大发热心,就更加凸显出以色列的悲剧,他们没有成全、没有达到义之法。And the sin of ignorance is accentuated when by not knowing we miss the central provision of God’s grace. 当我们没有知识因而错过上帝恩典要赐给我们最重要的大礼物的时候,无知这个罪就罪加一等了。How contrary to the popular notion 这个和我们流行的观点是那么的完全相反的 that ignorance is an excuse and good intent is a norm of approbation. 一般人的观念是无知是一个借口,有好的动机就OK了,就是被称许的标准。

Romans 10:4 罗马书第十章第四节:10:4  For Christ is the end of the law unto righteousness to everyone that believeth.和合本:律法的总结就是基督,使凡信祂的都得着义。新译本:因为律法的终极就是基督,使所有信的人都得着义。

4  This verse gives the reason for the thesis of verse 3第4节提供了第3节论题的原因 that God’s righteousness and not man’s is the institution of God:上帝所设立的是上帝的义,不是人的义,这个是第十章第三节的主题,第四节提供了原因:(漏掉“Christ is the end of the law”.)This has been taken in the sense that purpose of the law is fulfilled or realized in Christ. 英文是 Christ is the end of the law, 所以有些解经家认为这里的意思是律法的目的在基督里实现了、成就了。

下面是慕理的回应:The term rendered “end” does on occasion have this meaning. 是的 “end” 这个字有的时候是指目的(路加22章37节、提摩太前书第一章第五节)。It is also true that if law is understood in the sense of the Mosaic institution then this institution is fulfilled in Christ. 另外律法若是指摩西时期的制度那个制度在基督里也是成全了,这个也是事实(加拉太书三章24节)。Furthermore 还有,再者, the righteousness which Christ has provided unto our justification is one that meets all the requirements of God’s law in its sanctions and demands. 再者,基督所供给的义,使我们称义的义是满足了上帝的律法所有的要求的。There are, however, objections to this interpretation. 慕理说可是我们有理由拒绝这个解释。

我们下一讲来开始讲为什么 “the end of the law is Christ” 的意思不是律法的目的、总结是基督,乃是律法的终点是基督;也就是说基督终止了律法的意思。慕理会提出四个原因。我们下次继续。

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