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约翰慕理《罗马人书注释》卷2_10(罗9:11)

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:丽燕姐妹

Epistle to the Romans Volume 2 Session 10《罗马人书注释》卷二第10讲

慕理说罗马书第九章10-13节:The third feature of this passage requiring more detailed comment。这段经文第10-13节有第三个特点,是需要仔细地去注解的。It’s the appeal to Malachi 1:2 and 3 in verse 13:就是第13节保罗所引用的玛拉基书第一章2,3节:“Jacob I loved but Esau I hated”. 雅各是我爱的,以扫是我所恨恶的。There are two questions that arise in the interpretation。解释这些经文的时候,出现两个问题。

1.第一个问题:Does this apply to the individuals Jacob and Esau or simply to the nations springing from Jacob and Esau?这是否指雅各和以扫这两个人吗? 还是只是指从雅各和以扫而出的两个国族呢?It must be observed that in Malachi 1:1-5 the peoples of Israel and Edom are distinctively in view. 玛拉基书第一章第一到第五节,清楚指以色列和以东两个民族的。

我们来读玛拉基书第一章第一节到第五节,我们这次是读新译本:以下是耶和华藉玛拉基对以色列宣判的话。耶和华说:“我爱你们。”你们却说:“你怎样爱了我们呢?”耶和华说:“以扫不是雅各的哥哥吗?我却爱雅各,恶以扫。我使以扫的山地荒凉,把他的产业给了旷野的豺狼。”如果以东说:“我们虽然遭破坏,但仍要把废墟重建起来。”万军之耶和华这样说:“他们只管建造,我却要拆毁。人要称他们为罪恶的境地,为耶和华永远恼怒的子民。”你们要亲眼看见,也要亲自说:“耶和华在以色列的境地以外,必被尊为大。”

The prophecy is introduced as “the burden of the word of the Lord to Israel” (verse 1)玛拉基书预言一开卷就说,“耶和华对以色列的话语的 burden 负担”,新译本翻作“宣判”,和合本翻译作“默示”,and verses 3 to 5 clearly refer to the Edomites, to the desolation of their country, and as the people against whom the Lord had indignation for ever. 第3到第5节,就很清楚的是指以东人,论到他们的荒凉,论到他们是耶和华永远恼怒的对象。This collective or ethnic reference is parallel to what we find in connection with the preceding oracle spoken to Rebecca, as noted earlier. 这种指向整个民族的话,与上帝对利百加的晓谕是平衡相应的,我们上文已经注意到了。

Thus there is no doubt that this word as originally spoken had application to the nations of Israel and Edom. 因此,毫无疑问的,这段话的原意是指以色列和以东两个国家。It must not be assumed, however 不过我们不可以假设, from this patent fact that the question of its relevance to the individuals Jacob and Esau is thereby determined and determined for the most part negatively. 从这个明显的事实就能够决定与雅各、以扫有没有关呢? 特别是来假设是与他们无关了,不能够这样假设的! 就是不能假设指以东跟以色列的话,就不指以扫和雅各两个人了。Certain considerations must be kept in mind. 我们必须留意几方面要考虑的事。

(a)第一方面要考虑的:Although the respective peoples proceeding from Jacob and Esau are in the forefront in Malachi 1:1-5 (referred to Genesis 25:23), yet we may not discount the relevance to Jacob and Esau themselves. 虽然玛拉基书第一章1-5节(参考创世记25章23节)最显著的是指从雅各和以扫而出的民族,但是我们不能忽略,经文也是对雅各和以扫他们两个人说的。Why was there this differentiation between Israel and Edom?It was because there was differentiation between Jacob and Esau。以色列和以东两个国家之间,为什么会有区别呢?就是因为雅各和以扫之间是有区别的。

It would be as indefensible to dissociate the fortunes of the respective peoples from the differentiation in the individuals as it would be to dissociate the differentiation of the individuals from the destinies of the nations proceeding from them. 假如把两个民族的结局与两兄弟之间的区别隔绝是不合理的,就等于把两个人的区别与从他们而出的两个民族的结局分隔,同样是不合理的。So the question cannot be dismissed: 所以,我们不能撇开一个问题不理,就是: what is the character of the differentiation as it affects the individuals, Jacob and Esau? 究竟在雅各和以扫之间的区别,是带有什么性质的区别呢?

(b)第二方面要考虑的:As observed in connection with verse 11, 正如我们在考虑第11节的时候就注意到, the differentiation which belongs to Israel as a whole in virtue of the theocratic election does not meet the question the apostle encounters in this whole passage, namely, the unbelief of the mass of ethnic Israel. 以色列民族因为神治的拣选而有所区别,这个事实并不能够回答保罗在这段经文所处理的问题,这个问题就是以色列民族大批的人不信所带来的问题。There must be another factor at work which will obviate the inference that the word of God has come to nought. 肯定有另外一个因素存在,以至于有人会推断说上帝的话落空了。

This factor is found in the particularity of election, 这个因素就是上帝拣选的独特性,或者个别性,that is, in a more specific and determinative election than is exemplified in the generic election of Israel as a people. 换言之,这个个别的拣选,不仅仅是针对整个以色列神治广义的拣选。So now, in terms of love , 因此现在保罗谈到爱,从爱这个角度来看, the only criterion that would meet the demands of the situation is a more specific love than that exemplified in the love that distinguished Israel as a people from Edom as a people. 唯一能够面对以色列不信这个事实的爱,是一个更有针对性的爱,不仅仅是把以色列民族与以东分别出来的那种的爱。

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The conclusion, therefore, must be that 因此我们必须做出这样子一个结论, 就是 in respect of the persons Jacob and Esau Paul pushes his analysis and application of love and hate to their ultimate当保罗论到雅各和以扫两个人的时候,他必须把爱与恨推到极点,in order to discover the kind of differentiation that would satisfy the demands of the problem with which he is dealing. 才能够显明出那个满足他在处理的难题的那种的区别。As he had done earlier with God’s electing purpose so he now does with the love of God for Jacob. 正如他在较早的时候讨论到上帝拣选的旨意那样,现在同样的,他论到上帝对雅各的爱。

第二个问题:The next question is 接下来的问题是 the meaning of the love and hate of which Jacob and Esau are respectively the objects. 上帝对雅各的爱的意义是什么,还有上帝对以扫的恨的意思是什么?It has been maintained that 有人持这个观点的,他们说 the word “hate” means “to love less, to regard and treat with less favor”.“恨”的意思就是“爱的比较少,赐予更少的恩宠”。Appeal can be made to various passages where this meaning holds. 持这个观点的人也可以指出诉诸一些的经文,“恨”的确有这个意思的。

我们来看这一系列的经文:Refer to Genesis 29:32 -33 参考创世记29章32和33节:利亚怀孕生子,就给他起名叫流便,因而说:“耶和华看见我的苦情,如今我的丈夫必爱我。”她又怀孕生子,就说:“耶和华因为听见我失宠,所以又赐给我这个儿子。”于是给他起名叫西缅。Deuteronomy 21:15 申命记21章第15节:人若有二妻,一为所爱,二为所恶,所爱的所恶的都给他生了儿子,但长子是所恶之妻所生的…。Matthew 6:24 马太福音第六章第24节:一个人不能事奉两个主,不是恶这个爱那个,就是重这个轻那个。你们不能又事奉上帝,又事奉玛门或者财利

Matthew chapter 10 verses 37 and 38 马太福音第十章37和38节:(中文都把恨翻成过于爱或者不爱。)爱父母过于爱我的不配作我的门徒,爱儿女过于爱我的不配作我的门徒,(都没有翻成恨父母爱我)。Luke 14:26 路加福音第十四章26节:“人到我这里来,若不爱我胜过爱自己的父母、妻子、儿女、弟兄、姐妹和自己的性命,就不能作我的门徒(“爱我胜过爱”原文作“恨”);新译本:“如果有人到我这里来,爱我不超过爱(“爱我不超过爱”原文作“不恨”)自己的父母、妻子、儿女、兄弟、姊妹,甚至自己的性命,就不能作我的门徒。John 12:25 约翰福音12章第25节:爱惜自己生命的,就是丧掉生命;在这世上恨恶自己生命的,就要保守生命到永生。)

So appeal can be made to these passages 所以人可以诉诸于这些的经文 because there the word hate means love less. 因为这些经文里面,恨就是指爱的更少一点的意思。It would have to be admitted that this meaning would provide for the differentiation which must be posited. 慕理对这种的观点的回应是,我们必须承认这个意义能够解释一些必须要设定的区分。Without embarking on the question of God’s love for the reprobate, 我们现在不会离题去讨论一个上帝是有没有爱那些他所遗弃的人, this view would imply that 这里所描述的这个观点的含义就是说 that Esau was not the object of that love which God exercised toward Jacob, 以扫不是上帝对雅各所表达的那种的爱的对象,namely, the specific distinguishing love which alone would account for the differentiation. 换言之,是一种针对性特定的爱,把人分别出来的那种的爱,唯有这种的爱才能解释两者之间的区别。

The text, it must be said, could not mean anything less than this. 我们也必须要说,经文的意思就是如此,不可冲淡的。Esau could not be the object of the love borne to Jacob以扫不可能是上帝赐给雅各那种的爱的对象的,for, if so, 因为若是如此的话, all distinction would be obliterated, 所有的区别就被消除了,and what the text clearly indicates is the radical distinction. 而经文清楚指向一个彻底的区别。

It is, however, questionable if this primitive notion adequately expresses the thought in either Hebrew or Greek as it applies to our text. 所以,我们很值得怀疑的就是,这个爱的比较少的这个概念,能否表达希伯来文的经文和希腊文经文的意思。It can readily be suspected that in the original context as it pertains to the Edomites, the mere absence of love or favor hardly explains the visitations of judgment mentioned: 我们很自然会想到,在原文的圣经的上下文(就是玛拉基书第一章1-5节)对以东民族的爱或者恩宠是比较少一点,或者不存在的话,完全不能解释玛拉基书所提到的上帝所倾倒的审判。

“Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness”; “They shall build, but I will throw down; and men shall call them the border of wickedness, and the people against whom the Lord had indignation forever.” (玛拉基一章3-4节,从第二节末开始:)“我却爱雅各,恶以扫。以扫的山地荒凉,把他的产业给了旷野的豺狼。”如果以东说:“我们虽然遭破坏,但仍要把废墟重建起来。”万军之耶和华这样说:“他们只管建造,我却要拆毁。人要称他们为罪恶的境地, 或者边境,为耶和华永远恼怒的子民。”These judgments surely imply disfavor. 是的,这些审判当然暗示着上帝不施恩宠、不喜悦。The indignation is a positive judgment not merely the absence of blessing. 可是恼怒是正面的审判,不仅仅是没有赐福而已。

In Scripture God’s wrath involves the positive outflow of his displeasure. 圣经里,上帝的恼怒愤怒包含着祂正面的倾倒出祂的不喜悦。What we find in Malachi 1:1-5 is illustrated by instances in the Old Testament where God’s hatred is mentioned and where either persons or things are the objects. 在玛拉基书第一章第1到第5节所论到的,那么在旧约圣经多处都能举例看到,就是上帝的憎恨,不论是对人或者对物件。

我们来看一系列的经文:Psalms 5:5 我们来看诗篇第五篇第五节:狂傲人不能站在你眼前,凡作孽的都是你所恨恶的。Psalm 11:5 诗篇第11篇第五节:耶和华试验义人,惟有恶人和喜爱强暴的人,他心里恨恶。Proverbs 6:16 箴言第六章第十六节:耶和华所恨恶的有六样,连他心所憎恶的共有七样。Proverbs 8:13 箴言第八章第十三节:敬畏耶和华,在乎恨恶邪恶。那骄傲、狂妄并恶道,以及乖谬的口,都为我所恨恶。Isaiah 1:14 以赛亚书第一章第14节:你们的月朔和节期,我心里恨恶,我都以为麻烦;我担当,便不耐烦。Isaiah 61:8 以赛亚书第61章第八节:因为我耶和华喜爱公平,恨恶抢夺和罪孽。我要凭诚实施行报应,并要与我的百姓立永约。Jeremiah 44:4 耶利米书第44章第四节:我从早起来差遣我的仆人众先知去说:‘你们切不要行我所厌恶这可憎之事。’

Hosea 9:15 何西阿书第九章第十五节:耶和华说:“他们一切的恶事都在吉甲,我在那里憎恶他们,因他们所行的恶,我必从我地上赶出他们去,不再怜爱他们;他们的首领都是悖逆的。Amos 5:21 阿摩斯书第五章第21节:我厌恶你们的节期,也不喜悦你们的严肃会。Amos 5:21 阿摩斯书第五章第21节:我憎恨、厌恶你们的节期,也不喜爱你们的节日。Zechariah 8:17 撒迦利亚书第八章第十七节:谁都不可心里谋害邻舍,也不可喜爱起假誓,因为这些事都为我所恨恶。这是耶和华说的。”And finally Malachi chapter 2 verse 16 最后是玛拉基书第二章第16节:耶和华以色列的 神说:“休妻的事和以强暴待妻的人都是我所恨恶的。所以当谨守你们的心,不可行诡诈。这是万军之耶和华说的。”所以我们看到各种不同的旧约经文讲到上帝恨恶个别的人或者一些的事。

The divine reaction stated could scarcely be reduced to that of not loving or loving less. 我们绝对不可以认为上帝的回应只不过是不爱,或者爱的少一点而已。Thus the evidence will require, to say the least, the thought of disfavor, disapprobation, displeasure. 因此,经文的证据至少要理解为上帝的不喜悦、不赞许、不悦。There is also a vehement quality that may not be discounted. 还有,上帝愤怒的因素不容我们削弱。

We must not predicate of this divine hate those unworthy features which belong to hate as it is exercised by us sinful men. 不过,我们不可以认为上帝这样的憎恨,包含了我们罪人所发出的不配被称许的憎恨的因素。In God’s hate there is no malice, malignancy, vindictiveness, unholy rancor or bitterness. 上帝的憎恨是不包含任何恶意的因素,没有任何的不圣洁、嚷闹、恶毒。The kind of hate that is characterized is condemned in Scripture人类这种的憎恨是圣经所谴责的,and it would be blasphemy to predicate the same of God. 若认为上帝的憎恨有这些的因素,简直是亵渎。但是,人类中是有另外一种的恨恶,就是恨恶罪。

我们下次继续来讲这个上帝的憎恨、上帝的憎恶。

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