神学导论 讲义015
第十五课 特殊启示﹕《圣经》的属性
- 启示的属性﹕温习
- 《威敏斯特信仰告白》论《圣经》的四种属性
《威敏斯特信仰告白》第一章。巴刻﹕没有更好的《圣经》论宣告。
从《圣经》的四属性，来看《威敏斯特信仰告白》第一章﹕
- 必须性Necessity of Scripture
1﹕1．虽然天自然之光 (light of nature)、上帝的创造、护理工作彰显上帝的善良、智能、权能，叫人无可推诿 (a)，却不足以使人认识上帝及其旨意，以致得救 (b)。所以上帝愿意多次多方将自己向祂的教会启示，并向教会宣布祂的旨意 (c)；之后为了更加保守、传扬真理，更加坚立、安慰教会，抵挡肉体的败坏、撒但与世界的恶意，就把这些全部记载下来 (d)，因此圣经是最必需要的 (e)，因为上帝先前启示祂旨意给祂百姓的方法，现在已经不再使用 (f)。
1:1. Although the light of nature and the works of creation and providence manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, to such an extent that men are without excuse (a), yet they are not sufficient to give that knowledge of God and of his will which is necessary for salvation (b). Therefore it pleased the Lord, at various times and in diverse ways, to reveal himself and to declare his will to his church (c): and afterward – for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the church against the corruption of the flesh and the malice of Satan and of the world – to commit this revelation wholly to writing (d). Therefore Holy Scripture is most necessary (e), God’s former ways of revealing his will to his people having ceased (f).
- 权威性Authority of Scripture
（一）信服《圣经》权威的根据: 上帝为作者
Basis of Scripture’s Authority: God Its Author
1﹕4．我们应信服圣经的权威，这权威不在乎任何人或教会的见证，乃完全在乎上帝 (祂自己就是真理)。上帝是圣经的作者，所以我们应当接受圣经，因为圣经是上帝的话 (i)。
1:4. The authority of the Holy Scripture, because of which it ought to be believed and obeyed, does not depend upon the testimony of any man or church, but entirely upon God, its author (who is truth itself); therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God (i).
（二）确信《圣经》无谬的根据 (上帝的见证)，及圣经的属性 Basis for Believing in Infallibility of Scripture: God’s Witness to Scripture; Attributes of Scripture
1﹕5．我们可能受教会的见证的感动与影响，因而高举圣经、敬重圣经 (k)。对圣经属天的性质、教义的效力、文体的庄严、各部的一致、整体的要旨 (将一切的荣耀归给上帝) ，人类惟一得救之道的完整彰显，和其它许多无比卓越、全然完美之处，都足以证明圣经本身就是上帝的话。虽然如此，最让我们完全确信圣经无谬真理与属上帝权威的原因，是圣灵在我们心中作见证，借着上帝的话在我们心中所作的见证，也与上帝的话在我们心中一同作见证(l)。
1:5. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the church to a high and reverent esteem for the Holy Scripture (k). The heavenly character of its content, the efficacy of its doctrine, the majesty of its style, the agreement of all its parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full disclosure it makes of the only way of man’s salvation, its many other incomparable excellencies, and its entire perfection, are arguments by which it gives abundant evidence that it is the Word of God. Nevertheless, our full persuasion and assurance of its infallible truth and divine authority is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts (l).
（三）《圣经》裁判所有宗教争论 Scripture Final Authority for Religious Controversy
1﹕10．在处理信仰上一切争论，教会会议一切决议、古代作者意见，人的道理、个人属灵领受事务时，我们可以放心：其裁决最高审判者只有一位，就是在圣经中说话的圣灵 (z)。
1:10. The supreme judge by whom all controversies of religion are to be settled and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and claims to private revelations are to be examined, can be only the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture. With his decision we are to be satisfied (z).
- 清晰性Perspicuity of Scripture
《圣经》的清晰性，与理解 《圣经 》的普通方法﹕The Clarity (Perspicuity) of Scripture, and Ordinary Means to Understand Scripture
1﹕7．圣经的内容并不是每个地方都同样清楚，也不是对每个人都同样明白 (p)；但凡是得救所必须知道、相信、遵守的事，我们总能在圣经找到，而且解释得非常清楚明白；不但有学问的人，就是无学问的人，不必用什么巧妙的辨法，只要用一般的方法，就能充分理解 (q)。
1:7. Not all things in Scripture are equally plain in themselves or equally clear to all (p); yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed for salvation are so clearly stated and explained in one place or another in Scripture, that not only the educated but also the uneducated may gain a sufficient understanding of them by a proper use of the ordinary means (q).
- 全备（足够）性 Sufficiency of Scripture
《圣经》的完备性，圣灵光照的必须，和《圣经》规则管理的教会，社团详情﹕
The Sufficiency of Scripture, Necessity for Spirit’s Illumination, and Matters Concerning Church Government, etc.:
1﹕6．上帝全备的旨意，与上帝自己的荣耀、人的得救，信仰、和生活有关的一切必要之事，圣经都明明记载，或是可以用正当且必要的推论，从圣经引申出来。所以无论在任何时刻都不可加添；无论是借着「圣灵的新启示」，或凭人的遗传，都不能加添圣经的内容 (m)。不过我们承认：(1) 除非圣灵在我们里面光照我们，否则我们对圣经启示的上帝全备旨意，即使有某种程度的认识，这样的认识也不足以使我们得救 (n)﹔(2) 有时候敬拜上帝和教会行政，也与人类的行事为人原则有相通处，这时我们就应该用人的「自然之光」、基督徒的判断、按照圣经的一般规则(这原是我们应该一直遵守的) 来规定有关敬拜上帝、教会行政的相关事务 (o)。
1:6. The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own glory and man’s salvation, faith, and life, is either expressly stated in Scripture or by good and necessary inference may be deduced from Scripture, unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit or by traditions of men (m). Nevertheless, we acknowledge that the inward illumination of the Spirit of God is necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word (n). We also acknowledge that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God and the government of the church – circumstances common to human activities and societies – which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed (o).
- 范泰尔论《圣经》的四种属性（傅兰姆的解释）
《圣经》若是自我见证的，那么它必具有传统的属性﹕必需性、权威性、清晰性和足够性。范泰尔对这些属性的解释如下﹕
If Scripture is self-attesting, then it bears the traditional attributes – necessity, authority, perspicuity, and sufficiency – which Van Til expounds as follows:
- 必需性
上帝默示了《圣经》，是祂笔之于书的话语；因为若任凭罪人自由发展下去，他们「必定会曲解上帝救赎的作为」(Introduction to Systematic Theology, 133)。因此《圣经》是必需的，以致于上帝救赎的信息能够﹕「（一）历代保存，（二）传到地极，（三）客观地向人传讲，（四）在《圣经》里面见证它的真实性。」 (IST,134.)
God inspired Scripture as his written Word, because sinful man, if left on his own, “would be sure to misinterpret” (IST, 133) the saving deeds of God. Thus, there was the necessity for Scripture, so that God’s saving message “(1) might remain through the ages, (2) might reach all mankind, (3) might be offered to men objectively, and (4) might have the testimony of its truthfulness within itself.” (IST, 134.)
- 权威性
《圣经》也带有权威，因为它在本质上就是上帝的话语，必然要向人类所宣称的自主性发出挑战。上帝的话必然传达上帝的绝对权威－这是上帝的宣称，宣告上帝在人身上的主权。
Scripture also has authority, because, of its very nature, it must challenge man’s claim to autonomy. It must convey God’s claim to absolute authority – his lordship over man.
- 清晰性
《圣经》的清晰性是指﹕不需要 「人间的解释者介入《圣经》和它的受众之间」。 (IST, 135.) 教会的教师或许能在理解 《圣经》方面给予我们有用的辅助；可是罗马天主教却错误的宣称：「任何教会的信众都不可以直接为自己解释《圣经》。」 (IST, 135.) 否认《圣经》的清晰性，就等于否认《圣经》的权威；因为，如果人间的教导权威对「正确的使用《圣经》」来说是必须的，那么，这位人间权威就成了教会的最高权威。
The perspicuity of Scripture means that there is no “necessity for human interpreters to intervene between Scripture and those to whom Scripture comes.” (IST, 135.) Teachers of the church may give us useful assistance in understanding Scripture, but Roman Catholic theology is wrong to claim that “no ordinary member of the Church may interpret Scripture for himself directly.” (IST, 135.) To deny the clarity of Scripture is to deny its authority, for if a human teaching authority is necessary for the proper use of Scripture, then that human authority becomes the ultimate authority in the church.
- 全备性（足够性）
Thus, no human opinion may be added to Scripture as an authority coordinate with Scripture. In other words, Scripture has sufficiency. The Reformers, says Van Til, thought of sufficiency “particularly in opposition to all manner of sectarianism, as they thought of perspicuity chiefly in opposition to clericalism, as they thought of necessity in opposition to rationalism, and as they thought of authority in opposition to autonomy.” (IST, 136.) Characteristically, he adds:
这些要点全都相互重叠、彼此包含，这是适当的。《圣经》四项属性的重要性彼此相等，因为若缺少一样，我们就会失去全部。问题的症结在于：一个绝对真确的解释，进入了一个充满着错误解释的世界里。(IST, 136.)
All these matters overlap and are involved in one another, and it is well to see that they do. The four attributes of Scripture are equally important because, if we did not have them all, we would have none. The whole matter centers about an absolutely true interpretation that came into a world full of false interpretation. (IST, 136.)
所以这四项属性也是「视角」！
The four attributes, too, are “perspectives.”
- 《圣经》的全备性与教会事工（特别﹕辅导）
1．提后3﹕16-17
- 教导，教训。
- 督责。
- 使人归正。
- 教导（训练）人学义。
2．这就是辅导的大纲与目标！
阅读﹕
015A．《威敏斯特信仰告白》，第一章。
网络圣约ccnci.org
中华展望圣约学院[email protected]（PayPal）