第五十二课 我们是谁？— 从教会历史看福音派的身份 （三）
WHO ARE WE? The Evangelical’s Identity
(A Church History Perspective) – PART 3
IX．「新福音派」与 「认信的福音派」﹕《圣经》无误之争 ﹕
我们相信《圣经》是无误的
NEO-EVANGELICALISM VS. CONFESSING EVANGELICALISM:
THE BATTLE FOR THE BIBLE: WE BELIEVE THE BIBLE IS INERRANT
1943﹕全国福音派联会成立 。
1943: The National Association of Evangelicals was established: included those who stayed in mainline denominations and those who left.
1945 第二次世界大战结束，福音派军人（大学生）宣教负担，宣教机构成立﹕世界宣明会World Vision, 青年归主 Youth For Christ, 学园传道会Campus Crusade for Christ.
1945 End of World War II: many soldiers found Christ during the war (on America’s warships). They return to America and return to college with a missionary zeal. Late 1940s many mission organizations were started: World Vision, Youth For Christ ( Billy Graham, Torrey Johnson, etc.), Campus Crusade for Christ (Bill Bright).
1947﹕富乐神学院成立
1947 Fuller Theological Seminary was started by a radio preacher, Charles Fuller. President: Harold Ockenga, pastor, Park Street Church (Congregationalist), Boston (!). He commuted!
Early professors included Carl Henry, Harold Lindsell.
1949﹕葛培理洛杉矶布道大会 。
1949 Billy Graham Los Angeles Crusade: launched Graham’s worldwide ministry.
1948年﹕福音派神学家协会；唯一信仰立场，乃是《圣经》无误。
Evangelical Theological Society – the only basis of faith was the Bible’s inerrancy.
1955﹕《今日基督教》杂志成立 Christianity Today magazine﹕ 福音派的喉舌（葛培理的岳父 Dr. Nelson Bell是创办人，美南长老会宣教士，医生，长老）。
1955 Christianity Today magazine was started as a voice for evangelicals – semi-academic. A founder was Billy Graham’s father-in-law, Dr. Nelson Bell, a Southern Presbyterian (PCUS) medical doctor, missionary, elder.
1960-70年代﹕薛华 Francis Schaeffer 向青年（包括嬉皮士）传福音 – Escape From Reason, The God Who Is There 中译﹕《理性的规避》，《前车可鉴》。
1960s, 1970s: Francis Schaeffer loved and reached out to the youth of the Hippie Culture: Wrote Escape from Reason; The God Who is There; etc.
1976﹕卡特 Jimmy Carter当选美国总统﹕第一位福音派总统。
1976: Jimmy Carter was elected: he was America’s first born-again evangelical President.
同时期有政治野心的福音派领袖﹕Jerry Falwell, Moral Majority; Pat Robertson (700 Club); James Dobson, Focus on the Family
Others with possible presidential political ambition: Jerry Falwell, the Moral Majority; Pat Robertson (700 Club), James Dobson, Focus on the Family etc.
福音派神学院人数剧增，新派神学院人数削减。
Evangelical seminaries bursting at the seams; liberal seminaries losing students.
1972新派教会人士著书﹕解释保守教会为什么增长？Kelly, Why Conservative Churches Are Growing – written by someone associated with the National Council of Churches – liberals take notice of conservative growth!
注﹕福音派开始有人数，有势力了…
Note: Now, evangelicals have the numbers, power and influence, but …
1965富乐神学院教授不愿清楚承认《圣经》无误；历史教授翻译巴特的神学著作等。
1965 Fuller Theological Seminary: some professors no longer confess in the Bible’s inerrancy; a church history professor translated Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics into English.
1967 福音派与富乐神学教授会议 Wenham, Massachusetts；达不成协议。
1967 – Some theologians were concerned, and invited Fuller professors to a meeting held in Wenham, Massachusetts: no agreement was possible between the two camps.
1970年代— 国际《圣经》无误协会成立 。
Thus in the 1970s, those leaders who believed in inerrancy, formed the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy.
Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy 芝加哥《圣经》无误宣言 – www.chinahorizon.org （中文）www.reformed.org （英文）
Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics 芝加哥《圣经》解释宣言 www.chinahorizon.org
Chicago Statement on Biblical Application
1980兰姆Bernard Ramm发表同情巴特神学的观点﹕《超越基要主义》。
In 1980, Bernard Ramm announced his Barthian viewpoint in his Beyond Fundamentalism
1980-81余达心，《今日华人教会》，介绍新派神学，包括巴特。
1990s-2000s 杨牧谷编，《坏鬼神学》。
1980-81 Carver Yu (China Graduate School of Theology) introduced liberal theology, including Karl Barth, in a series of articles appearing in Chinese Churches Today magazine.
Harold Lindsell, The Battle for the Bible
Norman Geisler, Inerrancy
J.I. Packer, Beyond the Battle for the Bible
J.I. Packer, Truth and Power
1996 Cambridge Declaration – Association of Confessing Evangelicals 《剑桥宣言》。
X．福音派内部信念方面的分类 Varieties of Evangelical Conviction
改革宗，阿米念主义 Reformed/Calvinism vs. Arminianism﹕
神的拣选，预定，给人能力信主？或人有自由意志与能力选择信主？
Reformed/Calvinism vs. Arminianism: Did God elect his chosen people, and gave them the power/ability to believe? Or does man have both the choice and ability to choose Christ?
改革宗，时代论Reformed/Covenant Theology vs. Dispensationalism: 旧约与新约时期的救法是完全不同吗？还是基本上有连贯性？耶稣基督来之后，上帝还对以色列有特别的应许与计划吗？教会是一个意外，上帝惊奇地，因以色列民拒绝基督而将福音向外邦人传？抑或耶稣基督是真以色列，基督徒都是真正守割礼的真以色列人？
Reformed/Covenant Theology vs. Dispensationalism: Do the Old and New Testament reveal totally different plans/methods of salvation? Or is there a fundamental unity/continuity between the Old and the New Testaments? After the 1st coming of Christ, does God still have a special promise and special plan for the Jewish people? Is the church an accident, because God was surprised that the Jewish people rejected the Messiah (Jesus Christ) – so he sent the gospel to the Gentiles? Or rather is it that, Jesus Christ is the true Isreel, and all true Christians are truly circumcised, true Jews?
护教学﹕预设派，证据派。 In apologetics: Presuppositionalism vs. Evidentialism
预备设派 Presuppositionalists﹕范泰尔 Cornelius Van Til (www.reformed.org,
www.wts.edu) ，薛华 Francis Schaeffer (www.covenantseminary.edu,普及者），John
Frame (www.rts.edu)
证据派 Evidentialists ﹕Norman Geisler, Josh McDowell
另﹕靠理性论据的古典派。 Classical Apologetics: R.C. Sproul
另﹕新兴的改革宗认识学派。New: Reformed epistemology: A. Plantinga, Nicholas Woltersdorff
婴孩洗礼，成人洗礼；洒水礼，浸礼。
Paedobaptist vs. Believer’s baptism; sprinkling vs. immersion
所谓保守派，灵恩派之分别。
The distinction between the so-called “conservatives” vs. the charismatics.
灵恩运动﹕第一波，第二波，第三波Charismatics: 1st wave, 2nd wave, 3rd wave
传统圣诗，现代敬拜赞美，或融合式敬拜。
Traditional vs. contemporary worship music, or blended worship? (Dr. Barry Liesch at www.worshipinfo.com; the late Dr. Robert Webber.)
妇女按立问题﹕圣经女权运动，男人为头观点（见女人与事奉一书，Susan Foh 的论述），或传统观点。
Women’s ordination: biblical feminism? Male headship? Traditional view?
(Council for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, read the Danvers Statement at: www.cbmw.org)
XI．不同世纪兴起的宗派DENOMINATIONS BY CENTURY
十六世纪﹕
路德（信义）宗；改革宗﹕长老会，公理会；圣公会；重洗派（门诺会）。
16th century: Luther/Lutherans, Calvin/Reformed, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, Henry VIII/Anglican (Episcopalian), Anabaptists (Mennonites, Amish)
十七世纪﹕公理会->浸信会。
17th century: Congregationalist -> Baptists; Unitarians (today: Unitarian-Universalists)
十八世纪﹕卫理公会（英国﹕循道会）；欧洲各宗派移民到北美；莫拉维弟兄会。
18th century: Methodists; European denominations -> US/Canada; Moravians
十九世纪﹕救世军；基督复临运动﹕摩门教，耶和华见证人，基督教会，安息日会；门徒会；弟兄会。从欧洲国教分离的宗派﹕播道会，行道会。德国浸信会；宣教运动；基督教青年会(YMCA)﹕不是宗派。
19th century: Salvation Army; Restoration movements (heresies: Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Church of Christ, 7th day Adventists) – Disciples of Christ/Christian Church;
The Brethren churches/movement; breakaway from state church -> Evangelical Free Church (Norway), Evangelical Covenant Church (Sweden); German Baptists -> Baptist General Conference; mission societies, student volunteer movement, YMCA
二十世纪﹕神召会（五旬节派 = 灵恩运动第一波）；保守的浸信会，保守的长老会（信正长老会，圣经长老会，PCA等）；保守的路德宗；韦斯利会和保守的卫理宗；保守的圣公会；圣经教会（福音堂）；灵恩运动第三波﹕葡萄园团契，等。
20th century: Pentecostalists/Assemblies of God; conservative Presbyterians, Baptists, Lutherans, Wesleyans/Methodists, Anglicans; Bible churches/chapels; Third-Wave charismatics: Vineyard Christian Fellowship, etc.
阅读﹕
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（温习﹕《芝加哥圣经无误宣言。》）
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