第五十四课 心理学与《圣经》（二）﹕辅导是什么？
- 辅导是什么？What is Counseling?
- 辅导可以「非指引式」吗？非指引的辅导等于非辅导的辅导！（「非指引辅导」这个观念来自罗杰斯，他是一个人本主义者；这观念却被基督徒辅导员与辅导中心广泛使用。）
Can counseling be really “non-directive”? Non-directive counseling is non-counseling counseling! (The idea of “non-directive counseling” comes from Carl Rogers, a humanist, and is very commonly adopted by Christian counseling and counseling centers.)
- 「心理病」的神话。什么是「疾病」？是可以观察，诊断，开药或开刀的问题。辅导呢？辅导是「讲话」。（这种对心理学辅导的批评，往往来自无神论者，犹太教徒，不仅仅来自信仰保守，支持《圣经》辅导的基督徒！）耶稣讲到人「有病」时，当然是喻意的。
The myth of “mental illness”: what is “illness”? It is when you can observe a problem, prescribe medicine or do surgery. Counseling is just talk! (This critique of psychological counseling is raised not only by conservative Christians, but also secular writers, including Jews and atheists!) Of course, Jesus speaks of “illness” as a metaphor.
- 是，辅导是「讲话」，是带有道德观的讲话。世俗的心理辅导基于世俗的理论，它是不合《圣经》的伦理。
Counseling is “talk;” it is “talk” with an ethical perspective. Secular psychological counseling, based on secular theories, is “non-biblical ethics.”
- 非《圣经》辅导的目标﹕心理平衡（弗来伊德），「自尊」，「自我接纳」，或含糊不清的所谓「心理健康」。
Non-biblical counseling’s goals: “equilibrium” (Freud), “self-esteem,” “self-acceptance,” or “mental health” (whatever that means).
- 《圣经》辅导的目标来自《提摩太后书》3﹕16-17﹕「教训，督责，使人归正，教导人学义」。目标﹕帮助人过有纪律的生活，遵从上帝的话，结出圣灵的果子。Biblical counseling is an application of (obedience to) II Tim. 3:16-17: “teaching, reproof, correction, and training in righteousness.” The goal: that men and women live disciplined lives, obey God’s Word, and bear the fruit of the Spirit.
- 事情的成因与影响因素Influences and Causation
- 三十多年来，亚当斯被诬告、曲解。基督教心理学家说亚当斯认为人的问题都来自罪，没有身体上的因素影响他。其实从《成功的辅导》面世以来（目前中译本名《圣灵的劝戒》，中华展望出版），亚当斯一直坚持，有身体而来的因素！（亚当斯的网站﹕ www.timelesstexts.com。）
For 30+ years, Jay E. Adams has been misquoted and maligned for saying that all counseling problems are due to sin; there are no physical factors involved. This cannot be further from the truth! From his first book, Competent to Counsel, he has said that there are factors related to the human body. (Adams’ website: www.timelesstexts.com .)
- 《圣经》辅导运动有医生和精神科医生参与，读者可参考他们的著作。
Works by physicians and psychiatrists who have joined the Biblical counseling movement: Robert Smith, A Christian Counselor’s Medical Desk Reference; Payne, The Healing of Modern Medicine; and Gary Almy, How Christian is Christian Counseling?.
- 显然地，家庭是影响行为的重要因素，可是它不是唯一因素。这因素（包括伤害），靠基督的能力绝对可以胜过！还有其他的因素，如﹕遗传，成年的经验，和身体（大脑，神经）等。（参﹕Edward Welch,《都是脑神经惹的祸？》。）
The family, obviously, is an important influence on behavior; but it is not the only influence. Certainly, it is an influence (injury) which Christ’s power can overcome! Other factors: heredity, adult experiences, and the body/brain. (Cf. Ed Welch, Blame It On the Brain?)
- 这些因素包括整个宇宙﹕（一）人的身体；（二）灵界（魔鬼邪灵）；（三）物质世界；（四）人的灵魂（属灵、行为因素）。一切都由上帝的护理掌管。
These factors are as wide as the universe, which includes: (a) man’s body; (b) the spiritual realm (of Satan and the demons); (c) the physical universe; and (d) man’s soul (spiritual = behavioral factors). All are under God’s sovereign control (under his “providence”).
- 我们应该如何研究这些因素？我们必须顺服上帝的普遍启示与《圣经》启示，来建立我们的方法论。（参﹕范泰尔的著作；中华展望护教学讲义与录音。）我们手上既然有《圣经》的全部（66卷），我们必须顺服《圣经》来研究（一）我们的身体，（二）我们的灵魂（信仰，行为），（三）物质世界，（四）人类，（五）灵界；和（当然）（六）我们对上帝的认识。即是﹕《圣经》在（一）信仰，（二）生活，（三）历史，（四科学的事上，都是无谬，无误，我们绝对最高的权威。But how should we study all these factors? We must build our “method” based on obedience to both general revelation and special revelation (the Bible). (Cf. Cornelius Van Til’s works, www.reformed.org. Also: China Horizon’s apologetics lecture notes and audio.) Since we do have 66 books of the Bible in our hands, we must submit to the Bible as the highest authority for our study of (a) our bodies, (b) our souls, (c) the physical universe, (d) mankind, and (e) the spiritual realm – and of course, in our knowledge of God himself. I.e.: the Bible is inerrant, infallible and our highest authority in matters of (a) faith, (b) conduct, (c) history, and (d) science. (Cf. Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, 1978; John M. Frame, The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God.)
阅读﹕
054A。亚当斯，「忧虑终日怎么办？」。
054B。亚当斯，「如何克服你的恐惧？」。
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