第五十三课 心理学与《圣经》（一）
PSYCHOLOGY AND THE BIBLE
- 对非基督教思想的深层剖析
A Penetrating Analysis of Non-Christian Thought（温习Review）
- 基督教思想。基督徒思想的范围包括﹕认识上帝，认识自己，认识世界。什么是「知识」？不仅是理性追求事实，不仅是哲学的猜测。讨上帝喜悦的知识是「顺服守约」 (Covenant obedience)。（参﹕傅兰姆John M. Frame的著作。）我们必须认识上帝，自己，与世界；我们认知的方法（知识的科学）和对知识的解释（知识的艺术）都必须遵从上帝的话。（参﹕Richard Pratt,《将人的心意夺回》。）
Christian Thought. The scope of Christian thought includes knowledge of God, knowledge of self, and knowledge of the world. What is knowledge? Not just intellectual pursuit of facts; not just philosophical speculation. Knowledge which pleases God is “covenant obedience.” (John M. Frame, The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God; The Doctrine of God.) We must know God, ourselves, and the world in such a way that we obey and submit to his Word, both in our method (science) and in our interpretation (art). (Richard Pratt, Every Thought Captive.)
- 每一个人的思想，都来自一些「前提」，或「世界观」。什么是世界观？可以说是﹕我们「心中的坚持」。例如﹕上帝存在吗？人是什么？人的问题来自哪里？解决人的问题的方案来自哪里？等等。
All man’s thought is based on “presuppositions,” or his “worldview.” A worldview is our “heart commitment”: What is man? Where do man’s problems and needs come from? Where do solutions to problems come from?
- 非基督徒的思想的「心中坚持」﹕非基督徒心中坚持「自主」。人坚持自己是离开上帝独立的，自主的。自从人犯罪堕落以来，人拒绝顺服在上帝的主权之下。人是自己的律法（auto – 自己，nomos – 律。）「自主」是所有人犯罪以来（非基督教）思想的核心原则，或「前提」，或「心中的坚持」。现代期的思想文化尤其是如此（1500-1980）。（参﹕《前车可鉴》；《将人的心意夺回》。）
The “heart commitment” of non-Christian thought: autonomy. Man is committed to be independent, autonomous from God. Since man sinned and fall, he refuses to submit under God’s authority. He is his own law (auto – nomos), his own authority. “Autonomy” has been the most fundamental principle, the “heart commitment,” or the “presupposition” in all non-Christian thought ever since the Garden of Eden, and especially in modern thought and culture (1500-1980). (Francis Schaeffer, How Should We Then Live; Pratt.)
- 自从弗来伊德(Sigmund Freud)以来，心理学接受了康德的世界观，作为它「心中的坚持」。康德﹕人不可能透过科学与理性认识绝对真理；理性与科学只可能认识事物的外表。至于上帝，永生，爱，自由意志等宗教、伦理上的真理，只能「超越」理性与科学来认识。因此，心理学的世界观（前提，心中坚持）包括﹕自然主义（否认超自然的存在），唯物主义（否认灵魂与上帝的存在），决定主义（否认上帝与人的自由作为事物的成因），进化论（否认创造），逻辑实证主义（否认上帝启示在知识和方法论上的权威），相对主义（否认绝对真理的存在）。（Baker’s Dictionary of Psychology and Counseling。）
Psychology since Sigmund Freud has absorbed the post-Kantian “heart commitment.” Immanuel Kant: Man cannot know (absolute) truth through science and reason. Science and reason can only know the outward of things. Religious and ethical truth (God, eternal life, love, free will) is known “beyond” science and reason. Thus, psychology’s presuppositions include: naturalism (denying the supernatural), materialism (denying the soul and God’s existence), determinism (denying God’s and man’s freedom as causes), evolution (denying creation), logical positivism (denying the authority of God’s Word as method in knowledge), relativism (denying the existence of absolute truth) and humanism (denying God’s sovereignty in everything), according to Baker’s Dictionary of Psychology and Counseling.
- 在现代期之前，和在目前的「后现代」时期，人坚持「新纪元运动」的哲学前提；我们称它为「一元论」。一元论相信﹕上帝就是我，我就是上帝；我就是宇宙，宇宙就是我；上帝就是宇宙，宇宙就是上帝。这是「异教」的「心中坚持」。自从古代中西文化中就流行。（参﹕张逸萍，《新纪元的陷阱》；www.cwipp.org 。）Both in the pre-modern postmodern period, man holds to the “heart commitment” of New Age philosophy, which is “monism.” Monism believes: God = me, I = God; I = the world, the world = me; God = the world, the world = God. This is the heart of the ancient / postmodern “pagan” religion. (Peter Jones, Spirit Wars. www.cwipp.org.)
- 注﹕一元论的相反词不是二元论或三元论！
与一元论相反的是《圣经》的世界观﹕（一）上帝就是上帝，上帝是创造宇宙的主；（二）人与宇宙都是上帝所创造的；（三）创造主与被造物之间有着绝对的区分。（参﹕范泰尔的著作。）
Note. The opposite of monism is not dualism! The opposite of monism is the Bible’s view of the world: (a) God is God, God is creator of the universe; (b) man and the universe are created by God; (c) there is an absolute distinction between the Creator and all creation. (Cf. the works of Cornelius Van Til.)
- 心理学是什么？What is Psychology?
- 心理学从一种「科学」（其实是「社会科学」，「行为科学」，直接了当说是「伪科学」），演变成为「新纪元哲学与宗教（即﹕异教）」的最佳推销员团队。其实，「新纪元」的世界观，早在早期心理学理论中就找得到。
Psychology evolved from a “science” (a “social science,” a “behavioral science,” or a “pseudo-science”) to an eager sales force for New Age philosophy. But the “New Age” worldview actually predates the beginning of psychology.
- 心理学是一种「伪科学」。科学竭力观察事实，按照一些理论来解释所观察的事实。所分析的事实应该是可以重复的，可以证实的。心理学不是这样的。心理学中不少的定义和解释都非常主观。（注﹕不论是传统科学或伪科学，都来自人自主的「前提」。）
Psychology is a “pseudo-science.” Science observes data according to a theory which seeks to interpret the data. The data analyzed should be repeatable and verifiable. Psychology’s definitions, data and explanations are often subjective. (Note: Whether it is conventional science or pseudo-science, man is committed to his own autonomy, unless science is redeemed and rebuilt with biblical presuppositions.)
- 心理学从「现代」（康德后；坚持人的自主，推翻上帝的主权与祂设立的权威），
到「后现代」。不过，「后现代」在「现代」之前就有了。（参﹕张逸萍博士的著作﹕www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net; www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net。）Psychology evolved from being “modern” (post-Kantian, asserting man’s autonomy over against God and all God-ordained authority) to “postmodern” (monism). But the “postmodern” actually pre-dates the modern. (Lois Chan, Unholy Alliance. www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net; www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net.)
- 几位心理学理论大师﹕弗来伊德（「心理分析」），容格（异教徒），Alfred Adler （「认知心理学」），罗杰斯（人本主义；「非指引式」的，「案主中心」的治疗），Eric Fromm（修正弗来伊德的人本主义）。
Major theorists in the history of psychology: Sigmund Freund (psychoanalysis), Carl Jung, Alfred Adler (cognitive psychology), Carl Rogers (non-directive, client-centered therapy), and Eric Fromm.
- 一些所谓「基督教辅导」的理论家﹕Gary Collins; James Dobson。
Some names of “Christian counseling” theorists: Gary Collins, James Dobson.
- 《圣经》辅导学与所谓「基督教辅导学采取完全不同的前提（心中坚持）。
Over against secular psychology and “Christian counseling” is “biblical counseling.” (www.nanc.org; www.timelesstexts.org; www.ccef.org.)
阅读﹕
053A。「智慧的选择」。
网络圣约ccnci.org
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