110第十课 圣灵与基督的工作
LECTURE 10 THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE WORK OF CHRIST
引言INTRODUCTION
约翰福音是否可靠的历史根据问题 – 已有 一个世纪的学术讨论。
John’s Gospel – a century of academic debate about the historical trustworthiness.
在研究新约圣经主旨时，若还以约翰福音起始，就会显得过时落伍了。
It is unfashionable to start with John when exploring New Testament themes.
一般惯常的作法，是透过马太，马可及路加福音，有时也透过彼得和保罗的书信，去研究约翰的见证。
The convention: work up to the study of John’s witness via Matthew, Mark, Luke’s two volumes, and sometimes Peter and Paul, too.
可是﹕But –
对于约翰的记载，我们看不出有任何充分理由去怀疑它的真确性。
No good reason to doubt the authenticity or the intrinsic clarity of what John records.
约翰福音记载了耶稣亲口说的话，位我们提供了理解圣灵职事的重要线索。
In John Gospel, from Jesus’ lips, the vital clue for understanding the ministry of the Spirit is given.
- 关于圣灵的应许THE PROMISE OF THE SPIRIT
约翰告诉我们，耶稣在祂被卖的一夜，向十一门徒说了一段很长的话，表示自己将要离开他们，进入荣耀中；并论到他们未来的门徒生命将会如何。
Jesus spoke about the disciple’ future discipleship, in the light of his own imminent departure to glory (John chapters 13-16).
耶稣好几次提到保惠师，即是祂所说﹕真理的灵，和圣灵。
He referred several times to the Paraclete, whom he identified as the Spirit of truth and the Holy Spirit.
约14:17 – 真理的灵Spirit of truth
就是真理的圣灵, 乃世人不能接受的. 因为不见祂, 也不认识祂. 你们却认识祂. 因祂常与你们同在, 也要在你们里面.
约John 15: 26 – 真理的灵Spirit of truth
但我要从父那里差保惠师来, 就是从父出来真里的圣灵. 祂来了, 就为我作见证.
约John 16: 13 – 真理的灵Spirit of truth
只等真理的圣灵来了, 祂要引导你们明白(原文作进入)一切的真理. 因为不是凭自己说的, 乃是把他所听见的都说出来. 并要把将来的事告诉你们.
约John 14: 26 – 圣灵Holy Spirit
但保惠师, 就是父因我的名所要差来的圣灵, 祂要将一切的事, 指教你们并且要叫你们想起我对你们所说的一切话.
耶稣说﹕在祂离去以后，天父会因着祂（圣子）的要求而差派保惠师来。
The Paraclete would be sent by the Father at his (the Son’s) personal request, following his own departure.
约John 14: 16
我要求父, 父就另外赐给你们一位保惠师, (或作训慰师下同)叫祂永远与你们同在.
约John 14:26
但保惠师, 就是父因我的名所要差来的圣灵, 祂要将一切的事, 指教你们并且要叫你们想起我对你们所说的一切话.
因此，我们可以说﹕圣灵是由圣子差派的一位天父的使者。
The Paraclete could be said to be sent by the Son as the Fahter’s agent.
约John 15: 26
但我要从父那里差保惠师来, 就是从父出来真里的圣灵. 祂来了, 就为我作见证.
约John 16: 7
然而我将真情告诉你们. 我去是与你们有益的. 我若不去, 保惠师就不你们这里来. 我若去, 就差祂来.
耶稣说，祂会 “因我的名” 受差遣。
He would be sent “in My name.”
约John 14: 26
但保惠师, 就是父因我的名所要差来的圣灵, 祂要将一切的事, 指教你们并且要叫你们想起我对你们所说的一切话.
意即是说﹕祂是耶稣的信差，发言人，和代表。祂将永远与耶稣的门徒同在。
That is: as Jesus’ courier, spokesman, and representative.
He would stay with Jesus’ disciples forever.
约John 14:16
我要求父, 父就另外赐给你们一位保惠师, (或作训慰师下同)叫祂永远与你们同在.
借着祂的降临，耶稣 – 他们荣耀的主 – 会真实地住在他们中间。
Through his coming to them, Jesus himself, their glorified Lord, would actually return to them.
约John 14: 18-23
18 我不撇下你们为孤儿, 我必到你们这里来.
19 还有不多的时候, 世人不再看见我. 你们却看见我. 因为我活着, 你们也要活着.
20 到那日你们就知道我在父里面, 你们在我里面, 我也在你们里面.
21 有了我的命令又遵守的, 这人就是爱我的. 爱我的必蒙我父爱他, 我也要爱他, 并
且要向他显现.
22 犹大 (不是加略人犹大) 问耶稣说, 主阿, 为甚么要向我们显现, 不向世显现呢.
23 耶稣回答说, 人若爱我, 就必遵守我的道. 我父也必爱他, 并且我们要到那里去,
与他同住.
在圣灵的新约职事中（这正是耶稣所讲述的），圣灵会隐藏自己，而将人的注意力校正在耶稣身上，把人带进信，望，爱，顺服，敬拜和委身的生活中，以致与基督深深密契。
In his new covenant ministry (for this is what Jesus was talking about), the Spirit would be self-effacing, directing all attention away from himself to Christ, and drawing folk into the faith, hope, love, obedience, adoration, and dedication, which constitute communion with Christ.
* 这就是（中译﹕仍旧是）衡量所谓 『属灵』运动，并所谓『属灵』经历的主要标准。
This remains the criterion by which the authenticity of supposed “spiritual” movements, and of supposedly “spiritual” experiences, may be gauged.
- 圣灵与基督的同在THE SPIRIT AND CHRIST’S PRESENCE.
凡愿意遵行上帝话语者，都表明他们是爱上帝的。圣灵会使他们（中译﹕帮助他们）真实地经历基督的同在，并与基督和天父相交。
The Spirit would make the presence of Christ, and fellowship with him and his Father, realities of experience for those who, by obeying his words, showed that they loved him.
约John 14:21-23
21 有了我的命令又遵守的, 这人就是爱我的. 爱我的必蒙我父爱他, 我也要爱他, 并
且要向他显现.
22 犹大 (不是加略人犹大) 问耶稣说, 主阿, 为甚么要向我们显现, 不向世显现呢.
23 耶稣回答说, 人若爱我, 就必遵守我的道. 我父也必爱他, 并且我们要到那里去,
与他同住.
* 这是基督徒获得独特经历的保证（charter, 中译﹕『途径』），约翰已亲自为这种经历作见证﹕
This is the charter for that quality of Christian experience to which John himself testified.
约壹I John 1:3
我们将所看见, 所听见的, 传给你们, 使你们与我们相交, 我们乃是与父并他儿子耶稣基督相交的.
这是基督给我们众人的挑战，叫我们寻求这种亲身体验的相交生活，而不单单满足于次等的基督徒生活。
It comes as Christ’s challenge to us all, to seek this experienced fellowship, and settle for nothing less.
- 圣 灵的教导THE TEACHING OF GOD’S SPIRIT
耶稣在世上三年的事奉中，曾经不断教导人，同样，圣灵也负责教导的工作。
The Spirit would teach, as Jesus had taught for the three precious years of his ministry on earth.
圣灵教导的方式是使门徒回想并了解耶稣曾经说过的话。
The Spirit’s way of teaching would be to make disciples recall and comprehend what Jesus himself had said.
约John 14:26
但保惠师, 就是父因我的名所要差来的圣灵, 祂要将一切的事, 指教你们并且要叫你们想起我对你们所说的一切话.
参Cf. 约John 16:13 – 耶稣所说『一切的真理』﹕
只等真理的圣灵来了, 祂要引导你们明白(原文作进入) 一切的真理. 因为祂不是凭自己说的, 乃是把祂所听见的都说出来. 并要把将来的事告诉你们.
约16﹕13 『一切的真理』 ﹕类似约14﹕26的 『一切的事』。意思并不说『要知道所有任何事情”』。而是指『所有你需要知道有关我的事』。
“All the truth.” “All things” = not “all there is to know about anything,” but “all you need to know about me.”
『将来的事』 并非 『将来要发生在你们身上的事』，而是『将要发生在我身上的事』﹕十字架，复活，作王，再来，复兴万事。
“The things that are to come” = not “what awaits you,” but “what awaits me” – the cross, the resurrection, the reign, the return, the restoring of all things.
今天，林林总总的所谓基督教神学思想争相吸引我们的注意力。我们应用上述方法去试验圣灵在这一切神学思想里到底占了什么地位。
This is the test that will show how much of the Spirit there is, in each of the various types of supposedly Christian theology.
- 圣灵的见证THE WITNESS OF THE SPIRIT
* 圣灵会为基督作见证，使众人知道那像囚犯一样受刑钉死的基督，实际上并非罪人。祂复活后进入天父的荣耀中，证明（中译﹕就证明）祂是正义无罪的。祂借着十字架上的审判，驱逐了世界的黑暗之主，并成为世界的审判着。
The Spirit would attest Christ in the manner of a witness, causing folk to know that though crucified as a criminal, he was not in any way a sinner, that he was in fact vindicated as righteous by his return to the Father’s glory, that he began to fulfill his role as the world’s judge by the judgment, carried out on the cross, which dethroned the world’s dark lord, and that failure to acknowledge him in these terms is the sin of unbelief.
约John 12:31
现在这世界受审判. 这世界的王要被赶出去.
凡拒绝承认这些真理的都犯了不信的罪。
约John 15:27
你们也要作见证, 因为你们从起头就与我同在.
约John 16: 8-11
8 祂既来了, 就要叫世人为罪, 为义, 为审判, 自己责备自己.
9 为罪, 是因他们不信我.
10 为义, 是因我往父那里去, 你们就不再见我.
* 作见证的灵（中译﹕那带着见证的灵）这样（中译﹕无形中）成了世人的起诉者，让世人醒悟到拒绝耶稣，或不以认真态度对祂是何等严重的罪。
The witnessing Spirit would hereby act as humanity’s prosecutor, working in heart after heart the verdict “I was wrong; I am guilty; I need forgiveness” as he brings home the enormity of rejecting Jesus or at least not taking him seriously enough.
约John 16: 8
祂既来了, 就要叫世人为罪, 为义, 为审判, 自己责备自己.
* 圣灵在一个又一个的心灵中工作，叫人知罪，承认﹕ 『我错了；我有罪（中译﹕我有罪了）；我需要上帝的赦免。』这是圣灵在福音工作中协助人信主的应许。
This is a promise of the Spirit’s aid in evangelism.
祂说服人，及使人扎心知罪（中译﹕使人认认罪的方式），是透过教会传递使徒的信息（中文翻译加﹕去说服人接受基督）。而圣灵的见证，是借着作见证的基督徒将真理展示在人们的心思意念中。
* 圣灵奇妙地开启人心灵的耳朵（中译﹕然后圣灵就开启众人心灵的耳朵），使真理在每个罪人的良心里运行。
His way of convincing and convicting is through Christian persuading, as the Church relays the apostolic message.
His witness is a matter of his opening the inward ear, and applying to the individual conscience the truths that witnessing Christians set before the mind.
约John 15: 27
你们也要作见证, 因为你们从起头就与我同在.
约John 17: 20
我不但为这些人祈求, 也为那些因他们的话信我的人祈求.
故此，圣灵使要荣耀那荣耀的救主。
Thus – the Spirit would glorify the glorified Savior.
约John 16:14
祂要荣耀我. 因为祂要将受于我的, 告诉你们.
一方面，圣灵将关于基督的真理阐释清楚，另方面，祂开启人愚昧的心窍去接受真理。由始至终，主基督耶稣都是圣灵职事的焦点。
Acting both as interpreter to make clear the truth about him, and as illuminator to ensure that benighted minds receive it. Jesus, the Lord Christ, would be the focal point of the Spirit’s ministry, first to last.
- 圣灵照明（荣耀）基督THE FLOODLIGHT MINISTRY
关于圣灵这方面的职事，耶稣在地上地时候，圣灵『还没有赐下』。
The Spirit was “not yet” in this role while Jesus was on earth.
约John 7:39
耶稣这话是指着信他之人, 要受圣灵说的, 那时还没有赐下圣灵来. 因为耶稣尚未得着荣耀.
直至天父荣耀了基督，圣灵才开始祂的工作，使人醒觉到耶稣的荣耀。
Only when the Father had glorified him could the Spirit’s work of making men aware of Jesus’ glory begin.
约John 17: 1, 5
1 耶稣说了这话, 就举目望天说, 父阿, 时候到了. 愿你荣耀你的儿子, 使儿子也荣耀
你.
5 父阿, 现在求你使我同你享荣耀, 就是未有世界以先, 我同你所有的荣耀.
圣灵的信息永不是﹕ 『看我，听我，来就我，来认识我。』
The Spirit’s message is never: “Look at me; listen to me; come to me; get to know me.”
而是﹕ 『看祂，看祂的荣耀；听祂，留心祂的话语；来就近祂，得着生命；认识祂，尝尝祂所赐的喜乐和平安。』
It is always: “Look at him, and see his glory; listen to him, and hear his word; go to him, and have life; get to know him, and taste his gift of joy and peace.”
圣灵作为第二位保惠师，经常引领我们来到原本的保惠师面前。这位原本的保惠师常常借着第二位保惠师第降临就近我们。
As the second Paraclete, the Spirit leads us constantly to the original paraclete, who himself draws near through the second Paraclete’s coming to us.
约John 14:18
我不撇下你们为孤儿, 我必到你们这里来.
*圣灵使我们能辨明第一位保惠师，感动我们伸出我们的手，与那位作在宝座上的，与我们相遇的保惠师相交；这样，圣灵按照基督自己的话荣耀基督。
（中译﹕圣灵帮助我们辨出原来的保惠师，又在这位保惠师从祂的宝座下来与我们相遇时，感动我们向祂伸出双手；就这样，圣灵照着基督的话荣耀基督。）
Thus, by enabling us to discern the first Paraclete, and by moving us to stretch out our hands to him as he comes from his throne to meet us, the Holy Spirit glorifies Christ, according to Christ’s own word.
阅读：
巴刻，《活在圣灵中》，第2章，『圣经里的圣灵』：『圣灵与基督』部分（至『圣灵与基督徒』之前止）。
网上阅读此书：www.cclw.net/book/hzslz/index.html，或：
www.godoor.net 。参：『经典旧站』 / 神学文献 / 神学资料。
网络圣约ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院[email protected]（PayPal）