029 第二十九课 称义
Lecture 29 JUSTIFICATION
称义JUSTIFICATION
- 称义的教义的重要性。Significance of the Doctrine of Justification.
- 称义是关乎人在上帝面前法律上的地位。
Justification has reference to man’s legal status before God.
无论是堕落前或堕落后，人都需要被称义。
Justification has relevance to man both before and after the Fall into sin.
- 称义是法律上的行动（宣称）。Justification is a forensic or judicial act.
- 称义的基本意义，是﹕宣告某某人为义。
Basic meaning of “justify” dikaioo is “to declare righteous.”
- 称义指一种判断；不可能指 “使某某人成为义”。
The term “justify” is used in reference to judgments where the sense “make
just” could not possibly apply.
伯32﹕2
那时有布西人，兰族巴拉迦的儿子以利户，向乔布发怒，因乔布自以为义，
不以上帝为义。
Job 32:2
But the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram burned; against Job his anger burned because he justified himself before God.
路7﹕39
请耶稣的法利赛人看见这事，心里说﹕这人若是先知，必知道摸他的是谁，是个怎样的女人，乃是个罪人。
Luke 7:39
Now when the Pharisee who had invited Him saw this, he said to himself, “If this man were a prophet He would know who and what sort of person this woman is who is touching Him, that she is a sinner.”
申25﹕1-3
1 人若有争讼，来听审判，审判官就要定义人有理，定恶人有罪。
2恶人若该受责打，审判官就要叫他当面伏在地上，按着他的罪招数责打。
3 只可打他四十下，不可过数，若过数，便是轻贱你的弟兄了。
Deut. 25:1-3
1 “If there is a dispute between men and they go to court, and the judges decide their case, and they justify the righteous and condemn the wicked,
2 then it shall be if the wicked man deserves to be beaten, the judge shall then
make him lie down and be beaten in his presence with the number of stripes according to his guilt.
3 “He may beat him forty times {but} no more, so that he does not beat him with many more stripes than these and your brother is not degraded in your eyes.
箴17﹕15
定恶人为义的，定义人为恶的，这都为耶和话所憎恶。
Prov. 17:15
He who justifies the wicked and he who condemns the righteous, both of them alike are an abomination to the LORD.
- 称义的相反词是定罪。
Justification is used in contrast with condemnation.
申25﹕1-3（见上） Deut. 25:1-3 (see above)
箴17﹕15（见上） Proverbs 17:15 (see above)
王上8﹕32
求你在天上垂听，判断你的仆人，定恶人有罪，照他所行的报应在他头上。定义人有理，照他的义赏赐他。
I Kings 8:32
then hear in heaven and act and judge Your servants, condemning the wicked by bringing his way on his own head and justifying the righteous by giving him according to his righteousness.
罗5﹕16
因一人犯罪就定罪，也不如恩赐。原来审判是由一人而定罪，恩赐乃是由许多过犯而称义。
Rom. 5:16
The gift is not like {that which came} through the one who sinned; for on the one hand the judgment {arose} from one {transgression} resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the free gift {arose} from many transgressions resulting in justification.
罗8﹕33-34
33 谁能控告上帝所拣选的人呢？由上帝称他们为义了。
34 谁能定他们的罪呢？有基督耶稣已经死了，而且从死里复活，现今在上帝的右边，也替我们祈求。
Rom. 8:33, 34
33 Who will bring a charge against God’s elect? God is the one who justifies;
34 who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes for us.
- 与称义有关的词，都意味着一种主动（积极）的判断。
Expressions used in correlation to justification (parallels) imply an active
judgment.
诗143﹕2
求你不要审问仆人。因为在你面前凡活着的人，没有一个是义的。
Psalm 143:2
And do not enter into judgment with Your servant, For in Your sight no man living is righteous.
罗8﹕33
谁能控告上帝所拣选的人呢？由上帝称他们为义了。
Rom. 8:33
Who will bring a charge against God’s elect? God is the one who justifies.
罗3﹕19-20
19 我们晓得律法上的话，都是对律法以下之人说的，好塞住各人的口，叫普世的人都伏在上帝审判之下。
20 所以凡有血气的没有一个，因行律法，能在上帝面前称义。因为律法本是叫人知罪。
Rom. 3:19-20
19 Now we know that whatever the Law says, it speaks to those who are under the Law, so that every mouth may be closed and all the world may become accountable to God;
20 because by the works of the Law no flesh will be justified in His sight; for through the Law {comes} the knowledge of sin.
- 称义的同意词﹕归算义。
Synonymous expression used in sense of “justify” to impute righteousness.
罗4﹕3
经上说什么呢？说﹕亚伯拉罕信上帝，这就算为他的义。
Rom. 4:3
For what does the Scripture say? “ABRAHAM BELIEVED GOD, AND IT WAS CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.”
罗4﹕5-6
5 惟有不做工的，只信称罪人为义的上帝，他的信就算为义。
6 正如戴维称那在行为以外，蒙上帝算为义的人是有福的。
Rom. 4:5, 6
5 But to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness,
6 just as David also speaks of the blessing on the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:
罗4﹕11
并且他受了割礼的记号，作他未受割礼的时候因信称义的印证，叫他作一切未受割礼而信之人的父，使他们也算为义。
Rom. 4:11
and he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them,
林后5﹕19-21
19 这就是上帝在基督里，叫世人与自己和好，不将他们的过犯归到他们身上。并且将这和好的道理托付了我们。
20 所以我们作基督的使者，就好像上帝藉我们劝你们一般。我们替基督求你们与上帝和好。
21 上帝叫那无罪的，替我们成为罪。好叫我们在他里面成为上帝的义。
II Cor. 5:19-21
19 namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and He has committed to us the word of reconciliation.
20 Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were making an appeal through us; we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.
21 He made Him who knew no sin {to be} sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.
- 称义有时候也指使人成为义。
“Justify” occasionally may mean “to make righteous.”
林前6﹕11
你们中间也有人从前是这样。但如今你们奉主耶稣基督的名，并借着我们上帝的义，已经洗净，成圣称义了。
I Cor. 6:11
Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God.
- 称义的意义与法律有关；称义的根据不影响这意义。
Forensic sense of justification is not affected by the ground of justification.
- 基督教（宗教改革）与天主教的争辩，不在称义的本质，乃在称义的根据。
Controversy with Rome is not on the nature of justification as forensic, but on the
ground of justification.
阅读：
慕理，《再思救赎奇恩》，第二部分，第五章，『称义』。
网上阅读此书：www.godoor.com/book/library/html/theology/zsjsqe/content.html。
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