013 第十三课 呼召：普遍的呼召与福音的呼召
Lecture 13 CALLING: UNIVERSAL CALL AND GOSPEL CALL
今天不少神学家，基督徒批评 『救赎次序』 这观念。为什么从呼召说起？
The ordo salutis is being challenged today. Why begin with calling?
罗8:30
豫先所定下的人又召他们来。所召来的人, 又称他们为义。所称为义的人又
叫他们得荣耀。
Rom. 8:30
and these whom He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified; and these whom He justified, He also glorified.
— 上帝的呼召，与祂的预定有密切的关系。
— Calling is closely associated with predestination.
提后1:9
上帝救了我们, 以圣召召我们, 不是按我们的行为, 乃是按祂的旨意和恩典。
这恩典是万古之先, 在基督耶稣里赐给我们的.
II Tim. 1:9
who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus from all eternity.
罗8:28
我们晓得万事都互相效力, 叫爱上帝的人得益处, 就是按祂旨意被召的人.
Rom. 8:28
And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to {His} purpose.
- 普遍的呼召Universal Call (=Vocation)
- 上帝普遍的呼召，借着普遍启示。
The universal call comes through general revelation.
创1:3
上帝说，要有光，就有了光。
Gen. 1:3
Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light.
诗篇 33:6
诸天藉耶和华的命而造, 万象藉祂口中的气而成。
Psalm 33:6
By the word of the LORD the heavens were made, And by the breath of His mouth all their host.
诗篇 33:9
因为祂说有, 就有。命立, 就立。
Psalm 33:9
For He spoke, and it was done; He commanded, and it stood fast.
诗19:1
诸天述说上帝的荣耀, 穹苍传扬祂的手段。
Psalm 19:1
The heavens are telling of the glory of God; And their expanse is declaring the work of His hands.
诗篇 19:8
耶和华的训词正直, 能快活人心。耶和华的命令清洁, 能明亮人的眼目。
Psalm 19:8
The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; The commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes.
–被造之物启示上帝，无可推诿。 Unmistakable revelation in creation.
— 诗19﹕1 述说﹕“书” 的意思。 Psalm 19:1 – declare – seper – “Book”.
— 比利时信仰告白﹕普遍启示也是呼召。 Belgic Confession: General revelation = call.
罗1:20
自从造天地以来, 上帝的永能和神性是明明可知的, 虽是眼不能见但借着所造之物, 就可以晓得, 叫人无可推诿。
Rom. 1:20
For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse.
— 在自然界的启示，就是呼召。 Revelation in nature constitutes a call.
罗2:15
这是显出律法的功用刻在他们心里, 他们是非之心同作见证，并且他们的思念互相较量, 或以为是, 或以为非.)
Rom. 2:15
in that they show the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them.
— 普遍启示，藉上帝所造的一切，向人呼吁，要人负责。
— General revelation confronts every man in all that God has made.
- 普遍启示没有救赎性。
The universal call is not redemptive.
向人（身为人）挑战，不是向罪人挑战。
It confronts man as man, and as sinner.
因为人不回应普遍启示，人有罪，没有借口。
Because man does not respond, he is guilty and is without excuse.
全人类都拒绝了普遍启示﹕表明堕落的程度。
Universal negative response by man to general revelation = index of human depravity.
- 特殊呼召（一）﹕福音的呼召Special Call (1): Gospel Call
弗2:10
我们原是祂的工作, 在基督耶稣里造成的, 为要叫我们行善，就是上帝所豫备叫
我们行的。
Eph. 2:10
For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them.
- 福音的呼召 = 普遍恩典的高峰。
The gospel call is the climax of common grace.
普遍呼召﹕上帝 = 创造者
Universal call – God as creator
福音呼召﹕上帝 = 救赎主
Gospel call – God as redeemer
福音呼召，有时被称为普遍呼召，因为是为全人类而设的。
Gospel call = sometimes called universal call, because it is designed for all men.
可是在上帝的掌管下，福音呼召并没有临到所有的人。
But in the providence of God, it does not go to all men.
福音呼召是普遍恩典`的高峰，因为呼召这个特殊原则介入了。
Gospel call = climax of common grace, because it introduces the special principle of call.
- 福音呼召的要素（=恩具）。上帝的道，和圣礼。
Elements of gospel call (=means of grace): Word and Sacraments.
一位改革宗 – 相信上帝的拣选，救赎的信徒 – 可能向每一个人传福音吗？可能的。
Can a Calvinist (who believes in election) preach the gospel to every man? Yes.
- 传福音者宣告上帝救恩的计划。
Announcement of the plan of salvation.
福音的焦点是﹕耶稣基督的位格与工作。
The focus is on the person and work of Jesus Christ.
包括上帝全部的计划。不可以压抑任何部份﹕包括上帝特殊的救赎（拣选）。
Including the whole counsel of God = none can be suppressed: including
the doctrine of particular redemption.
福音主要不是描述人们如何得救，或者我如何得救。
Gospel is not description of how men are saved, or how I am saved.
当然，这是福音的一部份。 （不过，不是使徒书信的中心思想。）
That’s part of it. (i.e., it is not in the first place in the Epistles.)
福音的焦点使﹕耶稣基督，祂的死和复活。
The gospel’s focus is in Jesus Christ, his death and resurrection.
福音是来自福音书的！
The gospel comes out of the gospels!
- 上帝救赎的应许。上帝的应许并没有赐给全人类。
Promise of redemption. Not a promise made to all men.
上帝的应许不只是邀请。上帝守祂的应许的！
The promise of God is not reduced to an offer. God KEEPS his promise.
徒16:31
他们说, 当信主耶稣, 你和你一家都必得救。
Acts 16:31
They said, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.”
— 相信的人必得救。 BELIEVERS will be saved.
加3:22
但圣经把众人都圈在罪里, 使所应许的(福)因信耶稣基督, 归给那信的人.
Gal. 3:22
But the Scripture has shut up everyone under sin, so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe.
Revised Standard Version – What is promised to faith in Jesus Christ.
- 福音包括来信基督的吩咐，劝勉，和邀请。
Command, exhortation, invitation to believe. Hodge, 645 ff.
太11:28
凡劳苦担重担的人, 可以到我这里来, 我就使你们得安息.
Matt. 11:28
“Come to Me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest.”
(1)来到耶稣面前。Come unto me.
(2)上帝的应许﹕安息。Promise: rest.
(3)要来（劝勉）。Come (exhortation).
徒2:21
到那时候, 凡求告主名的, 就必得救.
Acts 2:21
‘AND IT SHALL BE THAT EVERYONE WHO CALLS ON THE NAME OF THE LORD WILL BE SAVED.’
- 宣告﹕诗篇指向基督。Announcement: psalms -> Christ
- 吩咐﹕悔改。Command: repent
- 应许﹕圣灵。Promise: Holy Spirit
主的名﹕预设﹕人们知道主的名。
Calvinist text: name of the Lord presupposes people know something about it.
- 福音呼召的特征。Distinctives of the gospel call.
- 福音的宣讲，是为上帝的选民，和其他人。
福音向罪人（需要基督的人）宣讲耶稣基督。
The gospel proclamation is same for the elect and non-elect.
It sets forth Jesus Christ to sinners who need Him. (=> hyper-Calvinism.)
- 福音的宣讲并不假设人们有能力接受福音。
The gospel proclamation does not presuppose the ability of men to accept the gospel. (=> “prevenient grace” – Roman Catholics.)
- 福音本身并不克服人的无能（不能接受福音）。
The gospel proclamation does not, of itself, overcome men’s inability to believe. (=> Lutheranism，Arminianism.)
- 福音乃是上帝的大能，为要救人。
因为福音来自上帝，因为福音关乎基督，因为福音乃是圣灵用的方法，使人归回上帝。
The gospel is the power of God unto salvation. (=> all humanism.)
Because it is of God, because it is about Christ, because it is the means used by the Holy Spirit to convert men and women.
阅读：
《盘石之上》；原著：Sinclair Ferguson, The Christian Life: A Doctrinal Introduction。
第 4章，『上帝的恩召』：『上帝的呼召』，『旧约背景』，『普遍的呼召』部分。
网上阅读此书：www.solarbeauty.com/chinesebible/The_Christian_Life.doc。
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