135 第三十五课 成圣: 得救的确据
Lecture 35 SANCTIFICATION: ASSURANCE OF SALVATION
得救的确据
Assurance of Salvation
- 得救确据的意义Meaning of Assurance of Salvation.
- 得救的确据是指基督徒确实知道，自己是在恩典中，是得救的人。
Assurance is conviction by a believer that he is in a state of grace and salvation.
罗8﹕38-39
38 因为我深信无论是死，是生，是天使，是掌权的，是有能的，是现在的事，是将来的事，
39 是高处的，是低处的，是别的受造之物，都不能叫我们与上帝的爱隔绝。这爱是在我们的主基督耶稣里的。
Rom. 8:38-39
38 For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers,
39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
— 罗8﹕31-39所讲的是圣灵保守（坚忍）的工作，可是与得救的确据有密切关
系。
— It has to do with perseverance, but it is tied closely to assurance.
— 保罗说﹕我深信。
— “I am convinced that…”
— 得救的确据（信徒的经历）和圣灵的工作（坚忍）是相辅相成的。
— Both supplement one another.
约壹3﹕14
我们因为爱弟兄，就晓得是已经出死入生了。没有爱心的，仍住在死中。
I John 3:14
We know that we have passed out of death into life, because we love the brethren. He who does not love abides in death.
— 约翰说﹕我们晓得。他有充分的确据。
— “We know…” There is a full persuasion here.
约壹5﹕13
我将这些话写给你们信奉上帝儿子之名的人，要叫你们知道自己有永生。
I John 5:13
These things I have written to you who believe in the name of the Son of God, so that you may know that you have eternal life.
— 要叫你们知道…。
— “… that you may know.”
— 得救的确据是（一）我们可以追求的；（二）我们可以（迟早）得到的；（三）关乎我们救恩的；（四）与我们在信心上坚忍有关的。
（注﹕得救的确据是指我们有没有得到救恩的把握﹕不过教会里有人是得救的，却没有得救的确据。）
— Assurance is something (1) which can be sought for; (2) which is obtainable; (3) which pertains to salvation, and (4) which corresponds to perseverance in faith.
(Note: Yes, assurance has to do with salvation, but there are some people who are saved, but do not have assurance in their experience/consciousness.)
— 基督徒若坚持信心与顺服（坚忍），他生命中会有丰富的得救确据。
— Assurance flourishes in the context of perseverance.
— 一位有得救确据的基督徒，会坚持信心与顺服。
Perseverance flourishes in the context of assurance.
- 可是，得救的确据，不是真信心的不可或缺一部份。
Assurance is not of the essence of saving faith.
— 真信心（使人得救的信心），与得救的把握（确据）不一样。
— Saving faith is not this conviction.
— 真信心（使人得救的信心），就是是信，以致得救。
— Saving faith is in order to be saved.
— 因此﹕我们不可以将信心和确据等同。
— Therefore: we cannot define assurance in terms of saving faith.
— 信心是投奔基督﹕确据是信心的反射。
— Assurance is the reflex of the primary act of faith: abandonment to Christ.
— 信心 = 委身。
— Pisteuo = commitment.
— 圣经中信心的定义，不只是相信一些事实。
— Biblical usage is different from “I know that…”
— 信心是人积极地信靠基督以致得救；不只是相信什么真理。
(Fiducia was used by Calvin to mean belief THAT. Zancheus, following Bucer, did not define fiducia this way. Active sense of entrustment to Christ for salvation.
— 目前这是改革宗对信心的标准定义。（虽然加尔文用信心指相信一些内容；相信上帝的应许。后来的改革宗神学家比较用信心指委身。）
(Shift in Reformed theology -> now becomes standard usage.)
— 把信心当作是确据﹕这是巴特（新正统）神学的用法﹕接受我已经属于基
督。
— Faith as assurance is Barthian: to accept that I belong to Christ.
- 上帝赐下救恩（使人得救的恩典），包含了某一程度的确据。
There is an assurance of salvation which is given with saving grace.
原则上的确据（慕理）﹕包含在得救（重生）里。
An implicit assurance (Murray): folded into salvation.
威敏斯特信仰告白，18﹕4
真信徒对于自己得救的确信可能有种种不同的动摇﹐减少﹐或间断﹐如因忽略
而未能保守﹔或因堕入损害良心而使圣灵担懮的某些特殊罪恶中﹐或因突如其来的试探﹐和上帝收回祂笑脸的光照﹐甚至让敬畏上帝的人行走在黑暗中﹐而无亮光﹔但他们并非完全缺乏上帝在他们心中所赐的生命之种子与信仰的生命﹐爱基督和爱弟兄的心﹐内心诚实和尽本分的良心。从这些事﹐由于圣灵的工作﹐此确信在适当的时候可以恢复﹐同时借着这一切﹐他们不致完全绝望。
Westminster Confession of Faith, 18:4
True believers may have the assurance of their salvation shaken, diminished, or temporarily lost in various ways: as by negligence in preserving it, by falling into some special sin which wounds the conscience and grieves the Spirit, by some sudden or violent temptation, or by God’s withdrawing the light of his countenance and allowing even those who reverence him to walk in darkness and have no light(p). Yet, true believers are never completely deprived of that seed of God and life of faith, that love for Christ and fellow believers, that sincerity of heart and conscience concerning duty, out of which – by the operation of the Spirit – this assurance may in due time be revived(q); and by which, in the meantime, they are supported from utter despair(r).
诗119﹕165
爱你律法的人，有大平安。什么都不能使他们绊脚。
Psalm 119:165
Those who love Your law have great peace, and nothing causes them to stumble.
罗5﹕1
我们既因信称义，就借着我们的祝耶稣基督，得与上帝相和。
Romans 5:1
Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord
Jesus Christ,
腓4﹕7
上帝所赐出人意外的平安，必在基督耶稣里，保守你们的心怀意念。
Philippians 4:7
And the peace of God, which surpasses all comprehension, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
- 可是，人得救的经历里，不一定有完全，充分的确据。确据不是得救（归回上帝）时必然的经历。
Full assurance is not the invariable accompaniment of salvation.
— 没有确据的经历并不威胁一个人的救恩。
— But, lack of full assurance does not endanger salvation.
— 圣灵赐我们肯定的成圣。它的反射﹕（原则上的）确据。
— There is definitive sanctification. Reflex: implicit assurance.
— 不过我们还不是完全成圣的人。
— But, we are not yet fully sanctified.
彼后1﹕10
所以弟兄们，应当更加殷勤，使你们所蒙的恩召和拣选坚定不移。你们若行这
几样，就永不失脚。
2 Peter 1:10
Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble;
— 没有确据的人有危险。
— There is a danger for not having assurance.
— 上帝给我们确据，不是要我们心中冷淡。
— Assurance doesn’t lead to indifference.
— 人得到确据，是要挑旺自己的心，作成圣的工夫。
It provokes works of sanctification.
约壹5﹕13
我将这些话写给你们信奉上帝儿子之名的人，要叫你们知道自己有永生。
I John 5:13
These things I have written to you who believe in the name of the Son of God, so that you may know that you have eternal life.
— 要培养确据。一方面不要怀疑；另一方面不要当上帝的恩典是理所当然的。
— Cultivate assurance: not doubt, not presumption.
- 得救的确据，和信心的确据，不是指对信心的对象的确信或怀疑。
Assurance of faith and salvation is not to be confused with lack of certainty respecting the object of faith.
— 确据所关心的，不是圣经教训的客观真实性，如﹕基督为祂的子民死。
— Assurance is not concerned with the objective truth that Scripture teaches, i.e., that
Christ died for His people.
— 确据不是指信心的内容，乃是指信心的行动。
— Not concerning fides quae, but fides qua.
- 得救的确据﹕权利与义务。
Assurance: The duty and the privilege
— 信心不应该使人忘恩负义，心中冷淡。事情不需发展成这样。
— Assurance does not necessarily deteriorate into presumption and complacency.
— 不过，这确是危机。
— There is this danger.
— 其实，每一项教义被人明白了，人都可能忘恩负义，当是理所当然的。
— There is danger, however, with every doctrine of grace.
— 我们不要因为这种的危机而裹足不前，不相信这些教义。
— We cannot be afraid of the danger of doctrine, then withdraw.
— 我们要信靠圣灵，祂会教导，保守！
— Be confident in the Holy Spirit!
— 确据毕竟是对上帝恩典的确据！
— It is assurance of GRACE.
— 人得到确据，是要培养谦卑。
— It promotes humility before God.
彼前1﹕13-16
13 所以要约束你们的心，谨慎自守，专心盼望耶稣基督显现的时候所带来给你们的恩。
14 你们既作顺命的儿女，就不要效法从前蒙昧无知的时候，那放纵私欲的样子。
15 那召你们的既是圣洁，你们在一切所行的事上也要圣洁。
16 因为经上记着说﹕你们要圣洁，因为我是圣洁的。
I Peter 1:13-16
13 Therefore, prepare your minds for action, keep sober {in spirit,} fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ.
14 As obedient children, do not be conformed to the former lusts {which were yours} in your ignorance,
15 but like the Holy One who called you, be holy yourselves also in all {your} behavior;
16 because it is written, “YOU SHALL BE HOLY, FOR I AM HOLY.”
约壹3﹕3
凡向祂有这指望的，就洁净自己，像祂洁净一样。
I John 3:3
- 得救确据的基础Foundation of Assurance.
- 得救确据的基础，是上帝恩典的浩大—上帝借着救罪人彰显了祂的大恩。Assurnace is grounded in the magnitude of the grace of God, demonstrated in the salvation of men.
我们若抗拒得救确据的福份，就是忘恩负义。
Ungrateful for us to resist the benefit of assurance.
- 得救确据的根据，是上帝的信实。
Assurance is grounded in the faithfulness of God.
来3﹕1
同蒙天召的圣洁弟兄阿，你们应当思想我们所认为使者，为大祭司的耶稣。
Hebrews 3:1
来12﹕2
仰望为我们信心创始成终的耶稣。祂因那摆在前面的喜乐，就轻看羞辱，忍受
了十字架的苦难，便坐在上帝宝座的右边。
Hebrews 12:2
Fixing our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of faith, who for the joy set before
Him endured the cross, despising the shame.
— 要思念基督，注目仰望基督！
— Consider Jesus, fix our eyes on Jesus!
— 耶稣是我们的救主，好像一面镜子。如何注目仰望祂？顺服祂。祷告。
— Jesus: mirror of salvation. How? Obey. Prayer.
来13﹕8
耶稣基督，昨日今日一直到永远是一样的。
Hebrews 13:8
— 耶稣基督是我们的中保，我们的大祭司。
— Jesus Christ, mediator and priest.
— 我们必需引导人到基督面前，而不是带领他们看自己或他人的经历。
— We must direct people to Christ, not themselves or others’ experiences.
- Assurance is confirmed by (not grounded in) our obedience.
确据藉我们的顺服不断的被确定（成长）。可是顺服不是确据的基础。
- 要自我省察。
Self-examination.
彼后1﹕10
所以弟兄们，应当更加殷勤，使你们所蒙的恩召和拣选坚定不移。你们若行这几样，就永不失脚。
II Peter 1:10
Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble.
林后13﹕5
你们总要自己省察有信心没有。也要自己试验。岂不知你们若不是可弃绝的，就有耶稣基督在你们心里么？
II Cor. 13:5
Test yourselves to see if you are in the faith; examine yourselves! Or do you not recognize this about yourselves, that jesus Christ is in you – unless indeed you fail the test?
— 确据与信心，与基督有关。确据是基督徒正常的经历。
— Connected with faith, with Jesus Christ – ordinary standard for every believer.
— 信心就是﹕注目看（在我们里面的）基督。
— Draw attention to CHRIST in us.
— 圣经所要求的信心，是否我们有的信心？
— Is faith of Scripture our faith?
— 不要以为上帝的恩典是理所当然的。也不要自我省察以致恐惧。
— Avoid presumption, avoid morbid introspection.
— 圣灵所赐的喜乐，借着洗礼已经赐给我们作印证。
— Joy of the Holy Spirit has been sealed to us at baptism.
- 得救的确据﹕来自圣灵在我们里面的见证。
Assurance arises from inward witness of the Holy Spirit.
罗8﹕15-16
15 你们所受的不是奴仆的心，仍旧害怕。所受的乃是儿子的心，因此我们呼叫阿爸，父。
16 圣灵与我们的心同证我们是上帝的儿女。
Romans 8:15-16
15 For you have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you have received a spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out, “Abba! Father!”
16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God.
— 作奴仆的心（灵）﹕指心态？态度？参﹕加4﹕6.
— Pneuma – disposition of sonship? Attitude? Cf. Gal. 4:6
加4﹕6
你们既为儿子，上帝就差祂儿子的灵，进入你们的心，呼叫阿爸，父。
Galatians 4:6
Because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!”
— 圣灵是（见证）我们作上帝儿女的灵。
— Holy Spirit = Spirit of sonship, spirit of adoption.
— 不是说有一位天使或灵体，叫为奴的灵；乃是说﹕圣灵的工作与作（罪的）奴仆两者不相称。
— Not that there is an angelic being of slavery, but work of the Holy Spirit is not consonant with slavery.
- 培养确据Cultivation of Assurance.
— 不只是尽了义务。
— Not by fulfilling obligations.
— 要不断坚持，要坚忍。（参﹕恩具﹕上帝的道，圣礼。）
— Perseverance. (Cf.: Means of grace: Word of God, Sacraments.)
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