026第二十六与二十七课 悔改
Lectures 26-27 REPENTANCE
- 信心和悔改的关系。SAVING FAITH AND REPENTANCE
福音的呼召，是呼召人离弃罪，转向基督﹕就是﹕呼召人悔改。
Gospel Call is call to turn from sin to Christ = call to repentance.
悔改和信心必然有着密切的关系。
Repentance and faith are invariably associated, interdependent.
徒26:17-18
17 我也要救你脱离百姓和外邦人的手。
18 我差你到他们那里去, 要叫他们的眼睛得开, 从黑暗中归向光明, 从撒但权下归
向上帝. 又因信我, 得蒙赦罪, 和一切成圣的人同得基业。
Acts 26:17-18
17 rescuing you from the {Jewish} people and from the Gentiles, to whom I am sending you,
18 to open their eyes so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the dominion of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who have been sanctified by faith in Me.’
— 保罗劝导人﹕回转归向上帝 = 宣讲悔改的道。
Conversion to Paul = proclamation of repentance.
徒20:21
又对犹太人, 和希利尼人, 证明当向上帝悔改, 信靠我主耶稣基督。
Acts 20:21
solemnly testifying to both Jews and Greeks of repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
— 宣讲悔改和信心 = 保罗完成祂的福音使命的条件。
— Repentance and faith = terms in which Paul has fulfilled his commission.
- 圣经的用字。Biblical terminology.
新约中最重要的词﹕Metanoia, metanoeo – most important terms in the New Testament.
太3:2
天国近了, 你们应当悔改。
Matt. 3:2
“Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”
太4:17
从那时候耶稣就传起道来, 说, 天国近了, 你们应当悔改。
Matt. 4:17
From that time Jesus began to preach and say, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”
徒3:19
所以你们当悔改归正, 使你们的罪得以涂抹, 这样, 那安舒的日子就必从主面前来到.
Acts 3:19
“Therefore repent and return, so that your sins may be wiped away, in order that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord;
徒20:21
又对犹太人, 和希利尼人, 证明当向上帝悔改, 信靠我主耶稣基督。
Acts 20:21
solemnly testifying to both Jews and Greeks of repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
希6:1
所以我们应当离开基督道理的开端, 竭力进到完全的地步。不必再立根基, 就如那懊悔死行, 信靠上帝。
Hebrews 6:1
Therefore leaving the elementary teaching about the Christ, let us press on to maturity, not laying again a foundation of repentance from dead works and of faith toward God.
— 悔改内在的意义﹕人意念，思想，意志的改变。
— Internal: Change of mind and will
— 悔改外在的意义﹕转离罪，离弃给人忧伤的事（罪）。
— External: Turning away from what gives rise to grief and sorrow.
徒26:18
我差你到他们那里去, 要叫他们的眼睛得开, 从黑暗中归向光明, 从撒但权下归向上帝。又因信我, 得蒙赦罪, 和一切成圣的人同得基业。
Acts 26:18
to open their eyes so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the dominion of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who have been sanctified by faith in Me.’
— 归向﹕转向。
— Epistrephein. To turn.
徒26:20
先在大马色, 后在耶路撒冷, 和犹太全地, 以及外邦, 劝勉他们应当悔改向上帝, 行事与悔改的心相称。
Acts 26:20
but {kept} declaring both to those of Damascus first, and {also} at Jerusalem and {then} throughout all the region of Judea, and {even} to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds appropriate to repentance.
— 用了两个词。
— Both metanoia, metanoew, and epistrephein.
— 向 = 回转。
— Epistrophe – conversion
徒15:3
于是教会送他们起行, 他们经过腓尼基, 撒玛利亚, 随处传说外邦人归的事, 叫众弟兄都甚欢喜。
Acts 15:3
Therefore, being sent on their way by the church, they were passing through both Phoenicia and Samaria, describing in detail the conversion of the Gentiles, and were bringing great joy to all the brethren.
帖前1:9
因为他们自己已经报明我们是怎样进到你们那里, 你们是怎样离弃偶像归神, 要服事那又真又活的上帝,
I Thess. 1:9
For they themselves report about us what kind of a reception we had with you, and how you turned to God from idols to serve a living and true God.
— 悔改和归向 = 相辅相成。
— Metanoeo and epistrephein – complement one another –
— 内在和外在的层面都包括了，都强调。
— The internal and external are emphasized, though not exclusively.
太21:32
因为约翰遵着义路到你们这里来, 你们却不信他. 税吏和娼妓倒信他。你们看见了, 后来还是不懊悔去信他。.
Matt. 21:32
“For John came to you in the way of righteousness and you did not believe him; but the tax collectors and prostitutes did believe him; and you, seeing {this,} did not even feel remorse afterward so as to believe him.
–这里懊悔的用法，是指悔改以致得救﹕可能是圣经唯一一次这样的用法。
This may be the only instance of use in the sense of repentance unto life.
— 似乎强调悔意，懊悔。
Word seems to stress feeling of regret.
太27:3
这时候, 卖耶稣的犹大, 看见耶稣已经定了罪, 就后悔, 把那三十块钱拿回来给祭司长和长老说,
Matt. 27:3
Then when Judas, who had betrayed Him, saw that He had been condemned, he felt remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders,
— 犹大的后悔﹕不是悔改，没有导致生命。
— Remorse of Judas – not a repentance unto life.
— 旧约的懊悔﹕多次出现，多种用法。
Old Testament: shub – many occurrences, wide variety of use.
— 先知书常用﹕从罪中分别出来，决志离弃罪，归向上帝与祂相通。
It is prominent in the prophets – moral separation from sin, determination to forsake sin, and to fellowship with God.
— 为罪忧伤。
Nacham – idea of grief for sin is prominent.
— 悔改 nacham 主要指上帝悔改，不过也有指人悔改的经文。
Repentance mainly referred to God (God repents), but also to man.
— 悔改的真理﹕在旧约非常重要。
REPENTANCE IS PROMINENT IN THE OLD TESTAMENT.
— 旧约向人的呼吁﹕要悔改。
Old Testament appeal = to repent.
- 悔改的意义。Meaning of repentance.
- 忧伤，后悔。
Sorrow, remorse.
— 为罪忧伤﹕不等于悔改；不过它是悔改的不可或缺的一部份。
Grief for sin is not heart of repentance, but an indispensable element.
— 没有忧伤，就没有真悔改。
There is no (true) repentance without sorrow.
约珥书 2:12,13
12 耶和华说, 虽然如此. 你们应当禁食, 哭泣, 悲哀, 一心归向我。
13 你们要撕裂心肠, 不撕裂衣服. 归向耶和华你们的上帝. 因为祂有恩典有怜悯, 不
轻易发怒, 有丰盛的慈爱, 并且后悔不降所说的灾。
Joel 2:12, 13
12 “Yet even now,” declares the LORD, “Return to Me with all your heart, And with fasting, weeping and mourning;
13 And rend your heart and not your garments.” Now return to the LORD your God, For He is gracious and compassionate, Slow to anger, abounding in lovingkindness And relenting of evil.
耶31:19
我回转以后就真正懊悔.受教以后就拍腿 (叹息)我因担当幼年的凌辱,就抱愧蒙羞。
Jeremiah 31:19
‘For after I turned back, I repented; And after I was instructed, I smote on {my} thigh; I was ashamed and also humiliated Because I bore the reproach of my youth.’
— 用了shub 和 nacham 两个词。
— Both shub and nacham are used.
— 旧约乎合新约﹕新约也强调为罪忧伤，悔改。
Old Testament corresponds with New Testament: the idea is not dropped in the
New Testament.
林后 7:10
因为依着上帝的意思忧愁, 就生出没有后悔的懊悔来,以致得救. 但世俗忧愁, 是叫人死。
II Cor. 7:10
For the sorrow that is according to {the will} {of} God produces a repentance without regret, {leading} to salvation, but the sorrow of the world produces death.
— 悔改需要忧伤。
— Sorrow.
诗51:3-4
3因为我知道我的过犯我的罪常在我面前。
4 我向你犯罪, 惟独得罪了你, 在你眼前行了这恶, 以致你责备我的时候显为公义。
判断我的时候, 显为清正。
Psalm 51:3-4
3 For I know my transgressions, And my sin is ever before me.
4 Against You, You only, I have sinned And done what is evil in Your sight, So that You are justified when You speak And blameless when You judge.
— 为罪忧伤，因为犯罪乃是得罪上帝。
— Sorrow for sin because sin is against God.
— 违背了上帝的律法﹕更违背上帝的本性。
— Against God’s law – moreover, against God’s nature.
— 因此﹕只离弃犯罪的罪行是不够的。
— Therefore: abandoning practice of sin is not enough:
— 也要离弃对罪的恋慕。
— It is necessary to abandon love of sin.
- 离弃罪。
Forsaking sin.
威敏斯特小要理问答，第87问
问﹕悔改以致得永生是什么﹖
答﹕悔改以致得永生是上帝所赐的恩典﹐使罪人因真觉悟自己的罪﹐又确知上帝在基督里的恩慈﹐就痛心懊悔﹐恨恶并离开自己的罪﹐归向上帝﹐立志竭力重新顺从。
Westminster Shorter Catechism, Question 87.
Q.87. What is repentance unto life?
- Repentance unto life is a saving grace, by which a sinner, being truly aware of his sinfulness, understands the mercy of God in Christ, grieves for and hates his sins, and turns from them to God, fully intending and striving fro a new obedience.
结18:30-31
30 所以主耶和华说, 以色列家阿, 我必按你们各人所行的审判你们。你们当回头离
开所犯的一切罪过. 这样, 罪孽必不使你们败亡。
31 你们要将所犯的一切罪过尽行抛弃, 自作一个新心和新灵。以色列家阿,你们何必
死亡呢？
Ezekiel 18:30-31
30 “Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, each according to his conduct,” declares the Lord GOD. “Repent and turn away from all your transgressions, so that iniquity may not become a stumbling block to you.
31 “Cast away from you all your transgressions which you have committed and make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit! For why will you die, O house of Israel?”
林后7:11
你看, 你们依着上帝的意思忧愁, 从此就生出何等的殷勤, 自诉, 自恨, 恐惧想念,热心, 责罚 (或作自责), 在这一切事上你们都表明自己是洁净的。
II Cor. 7:11
For behold what earnestness this very thing, this godly sorrow, has produced in you: what vindication of yourselves, what indignation, what fear, what longing, what zeal, what avenging of wrong! In everything you demonstrated yourselves to be innocent in the matter.
帖前 1:9
因为他们自己已经报明我们是怎样进到你们那里, 你们是怎样离弃偶像归上帝, 要服事那又真又活的上帝。
I Thess. 1:9
For they themselves report about us what kind of a reception we had with you, and how you turned to God from idols to serve a living and true God,
- 悔改的必需性。Necessity for repentance.
- 悔改一点功劳都没有。
Repentance may not be thought of as meritorious.
信心也是一点功劳都没有。
Faith is not meritorious. Nor is repentance.
路17:3
你们要谨慎. 若是你们的弟兄得罪 (你), 就劝戒他。他若懊悔就饶恕他。
Luke 17:3
“Be on your guard! If your brother sins, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him.
悔改->饶恕。
Repent –> forgive.
路3:3
他就来到约但河一带地方, 宣讲悔改的洗礼, 使罪得赦。
Luke 3:3
And he came into all the district around the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins;
悔改 ->赦免。
Repent –> forgive.
徒2:38
彼得说, 你们各人要悔改, 奉耶稣基督的名受洗, 叫你们的罪得赦,就必领受所赐的圣灵。
Acts 2:38
Peter {said} to them, “Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
悔改，受洗 -> 罪得赦免。
Repent, baptize –> forgive.
徒5:31
上帝且用右手将祂高举, (或作祂就是上帝高举在自己的右边) 叫祂作君王, 作救主, 将悔改的心, 和赦罪的恩, 赐给以色列人。
Acts 5:31
“He is the one whom God exalted to His right hand as a Prince and a Savior, to grant repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins.
— 可是，悔改并不是赦免的根据。
— But repentance is not the ground for forgiveness.
— 悔改和赦免都是上帝的恩典。
Both repentance and forgiveness are gifts of God.
徒11:18
众人听见这话, 就不言语了。只归荣耀与上帝, 说, 这样看来上帝也赐恩给外邦人, 叫他们悔改得生命了。
Acts 11:18
When they heard this, they quieted down and glorified God, saying, “Well then, God has granted to the Gentiles also the repentance {that leads} to life.”
耶31:18
我听见以法莲为自己悲叹说, 你责罚我, 我便受责罚像不惯 (负轭)的牛犊一样。求你使我回转, 我便回转因为你是耶和华我的上帝。
Jeremiah 31:18
“I have surely heard Ephraim grieving, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, Like an untrained calf; Bring me back that I may be restored, For You are the LORD my God.
赛43:25
惟有我为自己的缘故涂抹你的过犯, 我也不记念你的罪恶。
Isaiah 43:25
“I, even I, am the one who wipes out your transgressions for My own sake, And I will not remember your sins.
— 向上帝悔改 = 我们应尽的义务，即使上帝不赦免！
Repentance to God = owed to God, even without reference to pardon.
–因为，罪就是得罪上帝。
Simply because sin is against God.
–上帝喜悦赦免悔改的罪人；这是恩典。
Now God is pleased to forgive sinners who repent; that is grace.
— 罪得赦免的根据，不在罪人里，乃在基督里。
Ground for pardon is not in sinner, it is in Jesus Christ.
— 罪得赦免 = 不再定罪，不再被咒诅。
Pardon = the annulment of judicial sentence of condemnation.
— 悔改与赦免的关系，好像信心与赦免的关系。
Repentance sustains the same relationship to forgiveness, as faith.
— 信心没有功劳。悔改也没有。
Faith is not meritorious.
信心 = 投奔耶稣基督。
FAITH = ABANDONMENT TO JESUS CHRIST.
悔改 = 离弃罪，投奔耶稣基督。
REPENTANCE = ABANDONMENT (self) OF SIN TO CHRIST.
悔改和信心 = 如何领受上帝恩典的方法（途径，器皿）。
Repentance and faith is the way in which we receive God’s grace.
- 悔改只是领受恩典的方法（不是恩典的根据），但不是可有可无！
Repentance is not, for that reason, dispensable.
路13:3
我告诉你们, 不是的. 你们若不悔改, 都要如此灭亡。
Luke 13:3
“I tell you, no, but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.”
路13:5
我告诉你们, 不是的. 你们若不悔改, 都要如此灭亡。
Luke 13:5
And He {began} telling this parable: “A man had a fig tree which had been planted in his vineyard; and he came looking for fruit on it and did not find any.
— 悔改是必需的； 不然我们必定灭亡。
— Repentance is necessary, lest we perish.
约3:18
信祂的人, 不被定罪。不信的人, 罪已经定了, 因为他不上帝独生子的名。
John 3:18
“He who believes in Him is not judged; he who does not believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten
— 上帝的儿子。
Son of God.
— 除了信心以外，别无他路可以得救。
No salvation apart from faith.
— 悔改和信心是相连的。
Faith and repentance are intertwined.
— 因此﹕人要得救， 必需悔改。
Therefore: necessity of repentance for salvation.
信心和悔改，都没有功劳。
Neither faith nor repentance = meritorious.
悔改是以致得救。
REPENTACE is UNTO FORIVENESS OF SINS.
没有悔改，没有赦罪。（圣经的说法。）
There is no forgiveness without repentance (Scriptural usage: integral relation).
慕理﹕上帝赦免我们个别的罪。
* John Murray: Repentance from particular sins.
慕理﹕我们必需不断的悔改。
* John Murray: Continuity of repentance.
- 必需宣讲悔改的道理。
Repentance must be preached.
例如﹕先知﹕强调悔改。 （可以查经文汇编﹕shub.）
Example: Prophets – emphasis on repentance (cf. Concordance on shub).
施洗约翰，旧约最后的先知。
John the Baptist, last of the Old Testament prophets:
他所讲的道 = 悔改得生命的道理。
His ministry = a ministry of repentance unto life.
耶稣基督宣讲悔改的道理。
Jesus Christ preached repentance.
旧约和新约，只有一个准则。
There is only one standard for both covenants.
基督为罪死，因为无论在旧约或新约，死都是罪的刑罚。
Christ died because death = penalty under both covenants.
无论在旧约或新约的罪，都必需悔改。
Sin in both covenants must be repented of.
危险﹕悔改乃是预备（接受上帝的恩典）。
Danger: Repentance as preparationism.
律法预备我悔改，以致领受恩典。
Law preparing me to repent and to receive grace.
不是的。上帝的律法和上帝的恩典是不能分开的。
- Law and Gospel are not separated.
没有律法旧没有福音；没有福音，律法也没有意义。
No gospel without law, but neither should there be law without gospel.
福音派的问题﹕
EVANGELICALS:
宣讲赦罪，可是悔改不强调。廉价恩典。
Forgiveness without repentance. Cheap grace.
极端加尔文主义﹕悔改，可是没有赦罪的确据。预备主义。
HYPER-CALVINISTS:
Repentance without forgiveness. Preparationism.
- 信心和悔改的相互关系。Interdependence of faith and repentance.
徒20:21
又对犹太人, 和希利尼人, 证明当向上帝悔改, 信靠我主耶稣基督。
Acts 20:21
solemnly testifying to both Jews and Greeks of repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
徒11:21
主与他们同在, 信而归主的人就很多了。
Acts 11:21
And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a large number who believed turned to the Lord.
阅读：
《再思救赎奇恩》，第二部分，第四章，『信心与悔改』。
网上阅读此书：www.godoor.com/book/library/html/theology/zsjsqe/content.html。
屈臣，《悔改真义》，第一，二，三，四章。页1－38。
Thomas Watson, The Doctrine of Repentance. Chapters 2, 3, 4.
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