Living in Christ’s Church Session 5

《教会论与教会生活》第5讲

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立、爱的天空&ZJY(CGY) _英文:John Kim_文字:傅昱川

第二章The Church God Dwelling 教会是上帝的居所。Does God have an address? 上帝有地址的吗?Where does He live?祂住在哪里?Does the post office have a zip code for God’s residence on earth? 邮政局对上帝在地上的居所有邮局号码吗?If little Barbara Smith writes a letter addressed to God, would it be returned for insufficient address? 假如小女孩写信给上帝,好像写信给圣诞老人一样,邮局会不会退她的信,因为地址不足够呢?You smile, thinking no doubt of children’s Christmas correspondence addressed to Santa Claus at the North Pole.你可能会会心一笑,因为你会想到,小孩可能在圣诞节期间写信去北极给圣诞老人。You know, of course, that God dwells in heaven当然你知道上帝住在天上。

Jesus taught his disciples to pray, “Our Father which art in heaven”,耶稣教导门徒祷告的时候说:“我们在天上的父”。Yet Jesus also told the woman of Samaria that God is Spirit and is not confined to one place. 然而耶稣也告诉撒玛利亚的妇人说,上帝是灵,上帝并不限制于某一个地方。The difficulty in delivering mail to Santa Claus is that he exists only in our imagination, he isn’t anywhere. 要把信送给圣诞老人的难处在于,他只是存在于我们的想象中。他什么地方都不在的。The difficulty in addressing the living God is the opposite,要写信给永活的上帝难处是相反的,He is everywhere,上帝是无所不在的。

David beautifully describes God’s omnipresence: 大卫这样子很美的描述上帝的无所不在。Whither shall I got from thy spirit? Or whither shall I flee from thy presence? If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: If I make my bed in Sheol behold, thou art there” (Ps.139:7-8)“我往那里去躲避你的灵。我往那里躲避你的面。我若升到天上,你在那里。我若在阴间下榻,你也在那里。”(诗篇139:7~8)

God dwelling in heaven,上帝在天上的居所。God’s dwelling in heaven symbolizes for us his transcendence: 上帝在天上的居所对我们象征着祂的超越性。He is infinitely above the world of his creation.上帝是无限度的在祂所创造的世界之上。But heaven is more than a symbol, as the ascension of Jesus in his resurrected body demonstrates. 可是呢,天堂不仅仅是一个象征,正如耶稣在祂的复活的身体升天,就说明了这个事实。We do not understand how the space and time of glory relate to the physical location of planet earth,我们并不了解荣耀状态的空间和时间,与地球的物质上的这个地理之间的关系是什么?

But heaven is a place, the place where our glorified savior is and where hosts of angels worship God. 可是,天堂的确是一个地方,就是我们荣耀的救主所在的地方,在那里天使的天军敬拜上帝。Israel well knew that God’s throne is in heaven and that from heaven “his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men” (Ps. 11:4) 以色列人完全知道,上帝的宝座是在天上,从天上,诗篇11:4节:“耶和华在他的圣殿里,耶和华的宝座在天上,他的慧眼观看,他的目光察验世人。”(诗篇11:4)

But the OT teaches that God does more than observe men from the heights of heaven. 可是,旧约圣经也教导我们,上帝不仅仅是从天上的高处观察人类。In the Genesis account of man’s fall where are told that God walked in the garden of Eden in the cool of the day (Gen. 3:8),在创世记对人类堕落的记载,我们读到上帝在园中(在伊甸园中)行走。创世记3:8 节:天起了凉风,耶和华神在园中行走。The Prophet Ezekiel calls Eden “the garden of God” (Ezek. 28:13&31:8) 以西结称“伊甸园”作为“上帝的园子”。以西结书28:13节:你曾在伊甸神的园中;还有以西结31:8节:上帝园中的香柏树不能遮蔽它。Not only is God present everywhere and at all times because He is God上帝不仅仅是因为祂是上帝无所不在,上帝也是每一刻是无所不在的。

He is also present in a special sense as He reveals himself to His creatures. 当上帝向祂的受造物启示祂自己的时候,上帝从一个特别的意义上来说,是临在的,present。Adam and Eve enjoyed fellowship with God in Eden as the Lord appeared to them and spoken to them. 当耶和华向亚当和夏娃显现,向他们讲话的时候,他们能够在伊甸园里享受与上帝的相交。It was from this presence of the Lord that Adam and Eve hid themselves in shame. 亚当夏娃就是躲避这一刻的耶和华的同在,当他们蒙羞的时候隐藏自己。

第二段,God’s present on earth. 上帝在地上的临在。

After our first parents were driven from the garden the way to the tree of life was guarded by angelic beings. 当我们的始祖从园中被驱逐出来的时候,往生命树的路就由天使围护着了。The presence of the cherubim suggests that the eastern gate of the garden became a symbol of God’s dwelling. 因为有基路伯临在,因此,暗示着伊甸园的东门就成为上帝居所的象征。

Cain, the murderer, exiled to the east from the gate of Eden, 犯了谋杀的该隐,他是从伊甸园被放逐往东跑,was banished from the present of Lord (Gen. 4:16),他是从上帝的面被赶出去的。创4:16节:“于是该隐离开耶和华的面,去住在伊甸东边挪得之地。”We later find the figures of the Cherubim associated with the dwelling of God in the tabernacle (Ex. 25:18-22),后来我们看到,基路伯是与上帝在帐幕中的居所有关的(出埃及记25:18~22)。那里上帝吩咐摩西要琢出两个基路伯,安置在施恩座的两边。

After the judgment of the flood God revealed himself to the patriarchs. 当上帝用洪水审判人类之后,祂就向先祖们启示祂自己。They built altars to worship God in the places where God appeared to them and spoke to them. 在那些上帝向先祖们显现,向他们讲话的地方呢,他们就筑坛敬拜上帝。The revelation that God gave to Jacob in a dream emphasizes the reality of God’s presence (Gen. 28:10-22). 上帝在梦中赐给雅各的自我启示,就强调上帝的同在是真实的(创28:10~22)。God came down the stone stairway of Jacob’s dream to renew his covenant promise to Jacob, the fleeing exile. 雅各是被放逐的逃亡者,现在上帝从石阶(在雅各梦中的石阶)下来,再一次地更新祂约里面的应许。

The ASV marginal reading of Genesis 28:13 is correct: “the Lord stood beside him,” not “above it”, that is, the stairway. 美国标准版《圣经》在创世记28:13节的旁边的“注义”是正确的,耶和华站在他的旁边,而不是站在他的以上,也就是说耶和华不是站在那个石阶上面。In the morning it was the fact that God had come to his very spot that overwhelmed Jacob. 到了早上,使雅各震惊的是耶和华上帝的确来到这一个地方这个事实。”Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not,” he said(Gen. 28:16),在创世记28:16节:“雅各睡醒了,说,耶和华真在这里,我竟不知道(17节)就惧怕。”For that reason, too. Jacob calls the place not only the gate of heaven, but the “house of God” , Bethel. 为了这个缘故,雅各称这个地方不但是“天之门”,也是“神之殿”——伯特利。God shows fearful Jacob that there will be a house of God on earth, a place where God will come down to be with the heirs of his promise. 上帝向这位充满着惧怕的雅各显示,说在地上将有上帝的殿,就是上帝会下来与祂的应许的承受者同在。

创世记28章,我们从第10节开始读:“雅各出了别是巴,向哈兰走去。到了一个地方,因为太阳落了,就在那里住宿,便拾起那地方的一块石头枕在头下,在那里躺卧睡了,梦见一个梯子立在地上,梯子的头顶着天,有神的使者在梯子上,上去下来。耶和华站在梯子以上(或作站在他旁边),(那和合本与ASV一样的,在小字里说:耶和华站在他旁边)说:‘我是耶和华你祖亚伯拉罕的神,也是以撒的神。我要将你现在所躺卧之地赐给你和你的后裔。你的后裔必像地上的尘沙那样多,必向东西南北开展。地上万族必因你和你的后裔得福。我也与你同在。你无论往哪里去,我必保佑你,领你归回这地,总不离弃你,直到我成全了向你所应许的。‘雅各睡醒了,说: ’耶和华真在这里,我竟不知道。就惧怕,说,这地方何等可畏,这不是别的,乃是神的殿,也是天的门。‘ 雅各清早起来,把所枕的石头立作柱子,浇油在上面。他就给那地方起名叫伯特利(就是神殿的意思)。但那地方起先名叫路斯。雅各许愿说,神若与我同在,在我所行的路上保佑我,又给我食物吃,衣服穿,使我平平安安地回到我父亲的家,我就必以耶和华为我的神。我所立为柱子的石头也必作神的殿,凡你所赐给我的,我必将十分之一献给你。”

第三段 Section 3,God’s tabernacle shall it build? 上帝的帐幕将会被建立起来吗?The theme of God’s dwelling with His people became central when God delivered Israel from Egypt. 当上帝搭救以色列人离开埃及的时候一个很重要的主题就显为是核心性啦,就是上帝与祂的子民的同在,或者上帝住在祂子民的中间。God brought Israel out of Egypt in order that He might bring them to himself (Ex. 19:4-6). 上帝把以色列从埃及领出来,好叫祂领他们到祂自己的面前(出19:4~6)“我向埃及人所行的事,你们都看见了,且看见我如鹰将你们背在翅膀上,带来归我。如今你们若实在听从我的话,遵守我的约,就要在万民中作属我的子民,因为全地都是我的。你们要归我作祭司的国度,为圣洁的国民。这些话你要告诉以色列人。”

That special relation was expressed when God called Israel a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. 当上帝称以色列为祭司的国度、圣洁的国度的时候,上帝就是在表明这个特殊的关系。The holiness of Israel, their priestly character, was because God came down to dwell among them.以色列人的圣洁,他们作为祭司的这个性质都是因为上帝下来居住在他们中间。This was the whole point of the tabernacle symbolism. 整个帐幕的象征的要点就是在这里。At Mount Sinai God gave his covenant law to Israel that they might live holy lives. 在西奈山,上帝将祂的圣约的律法颁布给以色列,好叫他们过圣洁的生活。He gave also the plan for the tabernacle that was to be His dwelling in their midst. 祂也给了他们帐幕的蓝图,这个就是上帝在他们中间的居所。

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In the heart of the book of Exodus a drama unfolds (Ex. 33,34) 在出埃及记的核心地带,一次的戏剧展开了(第33章和34章)。

When Moses came down from MOUNT Sinai with the tablets of God’s law he found Israel feasting around an idol, a golden calf that Aaron had made at their urging. 当摩西手上带着上帝律法的石板从西奈山上下来的时候,他看到以色列围绕着一个偶像在那里欢宴,就是亚伦应他们的要求所铸造的金牛犊。The judgment of God fell upon the idolaters and many were destroyed. 上帝审判临到这些偶像敬拜者,很多灭亡了。

At this point God made another proposal to Moses (Ex. 32:34-33:3)在这个时刻呢,上帝给摩西另外一个建议(出32:34~33:3)。出32:34 节:“现在你去领这百姓,往我所告诉你的地方去,我的使者必在你前面引路,只是到我追讨的日子,我必追讨他们的罪(耶和华杀百姓的缘故是因他们同亚伦作了牛犊)。耶和华吩咐摩西说,我曾起誓应许亚伯拉罕,以撒,雅各说,要将迦南地赐给你的后裔。现在你和你从埃及地所领出来的百姓,要从这里往那地去。我要差遣使者在你前面,撵出迦南人,亚摩利人,赫人,比利洗人,希未人,耶布斯人,领你到那流奶与蜜之地。我自己不同你们上去,因为你们是硬着颈项的百姓,恐怕我在路上把你们灭绝。”

这个是上帝的建议。He said it would be too dangerous for them if he were to be in their midst because they were a stiff-necked people, given to rebellion and sin. 上帝说:上帝若在他们中间那是太危险的事情,因为以色列是硬着颈项的百姓,贯穿着背叛、犯罪的。Instead the Lord would send His angel before them, 上帝又差遣天使,走在他们前面作为取代的计划,Drive from the promised land all their enemies 上帝会把在应许之地的仇敌赶出,and give them their inheritance. 把他们的产业赐给他们(以色列人)的。

The distinction is not between God and the angel, as though instead of going himself God would sand an angel. 这里的区分不是说上帝还是天使,好像说上帝就差遣一个天使去代表祂,不是的。The angel spoken of is the angel of the Lord’s presence, to be feared as God himself. 这里所说到的天使,就是耶和华同在的天使,人应该敬畏这天使,就像敬畏上帝一样。Ex. 23:20-21节(出23:20-21):“看哪,我差遣使者在你前面,在路上保护你,领你到我所预备的地方去。他是奉我名来的,你们要在他面前谨慎,听从他的话,不可惹(惹或作违背)他,因为他必不赦免你们的过犯。”

The point is whether the Lord will go before them or dwell in the midst of them. 这里的要点是,上帝要在他们前面走呢,还是住在他们中间的?那个是上帝提出的一个另类的建议那个要点。

我们下次继续。

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