Living in Christ’s Church Session 8

《教会论与教会生活》第八讲

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立、爱的天空&ZJY(CGY)_英文:John Kim_文字:傅昱川

Chapter 3,第三章,God’s Chosen People 上帝的选民。The apostle Peter writes to the gentile church in Asia Minor: 使徒彼得向亚西亚的外邦人的教会这样写信说:”Ye are an elect race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession … ” (1 Pet. 2:9). 彼得前书 2:9节:“ 你们是被拣选的族类,是有君尊的祭司,是圣洁的国度,是属 神的(或者上帝亲自拥有的)子民。”

Coming from Peter, the Apostle of the Circumcision (Gal. 2:8),this is an astounding statement. 彼得—受割礼之人的使徒这样子写,是令人惊讶的(参考加拉太书2:8)。Not only does Peter use Old Testament language to describe the New Testament church, 彼得不仅仅用了旧约的词汇来描述新约的教会, the terms are drawn from Exodus 19:5, 6 and Isaiah 43:20, 21,这些名词是来自出埃及记19:5~6,还有以赛亚书43:20~21节。He also uses the language to make a contrast between the believing church of Christ and the unbelieving Jewish people who have rejected Jesus.彼得再进一步地用这些的词汇来对照基督信徒的教会,和那些不信基督、拒绝耶稣的犹太人。

To be God’s chosen people was the great distinction of Israel (Deut. 7:6); 作为上帝的子民是以色列人最独特的地方。申7:6 节:“你归耶和华—你 神为圣洁的民;耶和华—你 神从地上的万民中拣选你,特作自己的子民。“but now Peter calls the church by the very titles that were so precious to Israel. 但是现在呢,彼得用这些对以色列人那么宝贵的头衔来称呼教会。 Moreover不但如此,he gives these titles to a church made up principally of Gentiles, 他用这些头衔来称呼一个主要是由外邦人组成的教会,refer to I Pet. 1:18,4:3 and then 4:4,参考彼得前书1:18节:” 知道你们得赎,脱去你们祖宗所传流虚妄的行为,不是凭着能坏的金银等物。就是他们的祖宗也是拜偶像的。“彼前4:3-4节:”因为往日随从外邦人的心意行邪淫、恶欲、醉酒、荒宴、群饮,并可恶拜偶像的事,时候已经够了。他们在这些事上,见你们不与他们同奔那放荡无度的路,就以为怪,毁谤你们。“

Indeed, he goes even further: 诚然,彼得再进一步地说:“speaking of the disobedience of unbelieving Israel to the gospel, Peter says,”where unto also they were appointed.” 对那些不信的以色列人,不信福音的以色列人的不信和不顺服,彼得说:;“他们就是这样子被预定的。”Gentiles have been shown to be the elect of God,《圣经》或者彼得显示外邦人是上帝的选民,while unbelieving Israel is seen to be reprobate. 而不信的以色列现在被显示是不被拣选的、被遗弃的。The last have been made first and the first last. 后头的,现在成为前面的,前面的,现在是后头的 (Luke 13:30)(路加福音13:30节)

If Peter’s words are difficult for us,think of how difficult they were for Peter. 假如彼得的话对我们来说难以理解的话,思想一下对彼得来说是多么地难以理解。Imagine how Peter felt when he heard the crowds shouting, “Crucify Him!” 想像一下,当群众喊叫说:「把他钉十字架」的时候,彼得的感受是如何?Yet, like Paul, Peter had to come to terms with the fact that most of the nation of Israel were rejecting Christ even as Gentiles were receiving him. 可是,彼得需要面对一个事实,就是以色列国大部分的国民拒绝了基督,就是在外邦人开始接受祂的时候。With Paul, Peter sees in this the fulfillment of prophecy and the sovereign purpose of God. 与保罗一样,在这件事情上,彼得看见预言应验了,也看见上帝主权的计划。The builders have rejected God’s chosen stone as the Scripture said they would,匠人拒绝了上帝所拣选的石头,正如《圣经》所说,and their rejection has already been determined by God(1 Pet. 2:7, Acts 2:23; 4:28). 而他们这样的拒绝,是由上帝事先决定的(彼前2:7;徒2:23,徒2:23)。

To understand something of the glory and the solemnity of the calling of the church as God’s chosen people,we need to look back to the Old Testament. 若要了解教会是上帝的选民这方面的呼召的荣耀和严肃性,我们需要回到旧约《圣经》。What did it mean that Israel was God’s chosen people? 以色列是上帝的选民,是什么意思?How do the prophets present this theme as they point to the coming of Christ? 当先知们指向基督的来临的时候,他们又如何表达这个主题呢?

Section 1 Chosen in Sovereign Love,第一段,上帝在祂主权的爱中拣选。

In the Old Testament we find that both the patriarchs and the nation of Israel were chosen by God. 在旧约《圣经》我们读到:先祖们(就是亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各)和以色列国都是上帝所拣选的。God’s choosing the nation flows out of his choosing the patriarchs:上帝拣选以色列国,是来自祂对先祖们的拣选。”And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them . . . ” (Deut. 4:37)。申4:37节:“ 因祂爱你的列祖,所以拣选他们的后裔,用大能亲自领你出了埃及。”

In choosing the nation of Israel God was keeping the promise he made to Abraham, for he made his covenant with Abraham and with his descendants (the seed of Abraham)。当上帝拣选以色列这个国家的时候,上帝是在守祂向亚伯拉罕所赐的应许,因为祂是与亚伯拉罕和亚伯拉罕的后裔设立祂的约的。But we may still ask: 可是我们仍然可以问:”Why did he make the promise in the first place?” 那为什么祂要做这个应许呢?The answer God gives is the answer of love。上帝给的回答就是:爱!

Look again at Deuteronomy 7:6-8, 我们再一次读申命记第七章6~8节。申命记7:6-8节是这样说的:“因为你归耶和华—你上帝为圣洁的民;耶和华—你上帝从地上的万民中拣选你,特作自己的子民。耶和华专爱你们,拣选你们,并非因你们的人数多于别民,原来你们的人数在万民中是最少的。只因耶和华爱你们,又因要守他向你们列祖所起的誓,就用大能的手领你们出来,从为奴之家救赎你们脱离埃及王法老的手。”

The Lord chose Israel from all the nations on earth,上帝从地上一切的国民选了以色列,Why? 为什么?Certainly not because they were the largest and most important nation on earth,肯定不是因为以色列是地上最大或者最重要的国家。God chose them as the fewest of all peoples,上帝拣选他们,他们原来是万民中最少的。Neither did God choose them because they were the widom the most faithful or the most talented in religion。上帝也没有因为他们是最有智慧的、最忠诚的,在宗教信仰上最有才干的,因此拣选他们,不是的!

Why, then, were they chosen by God? 那么,上帝为什么拣选他们呢?The passage in Deuteronomy gives a surprising answer: 申命记的经文给了一个令我们惊奇的答案:”The LORD set his love upon you … because the LORD loves you.” “耶和华专爱你们,因为耶和华爱你们。”It might seem that such a statement is meaningless,我们乍看起来这样的说法是没有意义的,What information does it give? 它提供了什么样的资讯呢?Simply that the Lord loves us because He loves us。就是耶和华祂爱我们,因为祂爱我们。

Love has a language of its own, however. 可是,爱有爱独特的语言的。A young woman asks her suitor, “Why do you love me?” 一个青年的女子问追求她的男性说:“你为什么爱我?”He gives the question some thought and replies, 这个男子想了一下,然后回答:”Darling, I love you because, of all the women I have ever met,you are the best suited for my purposes.” 亲爱的,我爱你,因为在我所有遇见的女士中,你是最符合我的计划的。His answer may be eminently logical, 这个男子的答案是最符合逻辑的。but somehow we would not expect it to win an enthusiastic response,not to speak of the heart of the young lady. 可是呢,我们大概不会期待这种答复会赢得一个很兴奋的回应,更不用说赢得这个女子的心。But suppose the man says, 但是,假如这个男子这样说:”Darling, I love you because … I love you!”亲爱的,我爱你,就是因为…我爱你!That answer is low in information content,but scores 10 in communication.这个答案在资讯的内容上是非常少的,可是在沟通上,是得满分的。

If in our experience of human love we sense that love should be its own explanation,how infinitely more true this is of the love of God! 假如在我们人类的爱情的经验中,我们感觉到「爱」就是「爱」自己的解释,那么,上帝的爱岂不是无限度地更加如此吗?Indeed, true human love that reaches out, not to take,but to give, reflects, however dimly, the divine love that is infinitely self-giving. 诚然的,人类真正的爱、外展的爱不是要拿,乃是给予的爱,就反映出上帝的爱,因为上帝的爱是无限度的给予的。虽然人类的爱只能够很黯淡的来反映出上帝的爱,但是仍然是一种的反映。God loves us not because we are lovable,but because God is love。上帝爱我们,不是因我们可爱,乃是因为上帝就是爱!

Some have blunted the force of the electing love of God by teaching that God chooses us only for service。有些人或者神学家想要冲淡上帝拣选的爱的意思,他们就教导说:上帝拣选我们,只是为了服事。This idea has been developed into the theology of the “servant church.” 这个概念已经发展成为所谓「仆人教会」的神学。The church, it is said, is called not to status,but to service.这些神学家说,上帝呼召教会,不是为了她(注:教会)得着的地位,乃是为了她能够服事。Calling to status, we are told, would build pride, we might think that we were God’s elite,but calling to service leads to humility。这些神学家告诉我们:上帝若是呼召我们占有某一个地位,那个就让我们更加地傲慢,我们会想到自己是上帝的精英份子;但是,若是上帝呼召我们服事,那个就带来谦卑的。

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Pious as this may sound, 虽然听起来非常地敬虔,it is not Biblical,这个是不符合《圣经》的。And really implies the opposite of what it claims。这种的「仆人教会」观念,就暗示了与《圣经》所讲的相反的概念。If service is the basic ground of our calling, 假如上帝呼召我们的基本的根据是服事,then God must choose us for our serviceability, our potential performance。那么,上帝必须是按照我们是否能够服事,我们在表现中的潜质,来拣选我们才对。

You will remember how the apostle Paul reacts to that suggestion (1 Cor. 1:26-31)。你会记得使徒保罗对这种的说法,他的反应是什么?林前1:26-31节:“弟兄们哪,可见你们蒙召的,按着肉体有智慧的不多,有能力的不多,有尊贵的也不多。上帝却拣选了世上愚拙的,叫有智慧的羞愧;又拣选了世上软弱的,叫那强壮的羞愧。上帝也拣选了世上卑贱的,被人厌恶的,以及那无有的,为要废掉那有的,使一切有血气的,在 神面前一个也不能自夸。但你们得在基督耶稣里是本乎 神, 神又使他成为我们的智慧、公义、圣洁、救赎。如经上所记:‘夸口的,当指着主夸口。‘

God does not choose the wise, strong and noble,上帝并不拣选那些智慧的、强壮的、和尊贵的人,He chooses the foolish, weak and despised; 上帝拣选那些愚拙的、软弱的、被人藐视的。yes, the nothings, the zeroes, 是的,就是那些什么都没有的人,”that no flesh should glory before God” (1 Cor. 1:29),好叫一切血气的或者属肉体的,在上帝面前一点都不能自夸。

God calls us not to use us but to make us His,上帝呼召我们,不是要用我们,乃是要我们属于祂。We are called to be a people for God’s own possession。上帝呼召我们作为一个子民,作为祂亲自所拥有的,the term suggests that we are called to be God’s own treasure,dear to His heart。这个名词的含意是:上帝呼召我们作为祂自己的宝贝,是祂心中所亲爱的。God calls His people to be His children or in another figure, his bride。祂呼召我们作为祂的儿女,或者用另外一个比喻“祂的新妇“。Hos. 1:10; 11:1, Ezek. 16:6,何西阿书1:10节:”从前在什么地方对他们说“你们不是我的子民”,将来在那里必对他们说“你们是永生 神的儿子”。另外是何西阿书11:1节:“以色列年幼的时候,我爱他,就从埃及召出我的儿子来。“以西结书16:6-7节:“我从你旁边经过,见你滚在血中,就对你说:你虽在血中,仍可存活(你虽在血中,仍可存活),我使你生长好像田间所长的,你就渐渐长大。“

上帝的儿女,上帝的新妇。The service that God first desires is the “service” of worship,the response of his redeemed people to His grace and love。上帝最首要喜悦的事奉,就是敬拜的所谓事奉,就是祂的子民、被赎的子民对祂恩典和祂的爱的回应。When God says, “Let my son go that he may serve me,”it is this service that is in view (Ex. 4:22, 23)。当上帝在出埃及记在4:22-23说:“你要对法老说:‘耶和华这样说:以色列是我的儿子,我的长子。我对你说过:’容我的儿子去,好事奉我。‘“上帝心目中的事奉就是这种敬拜的事奉。

To be sure, God does call His people to witness。没有错,上帝的确呼召祂的子民要作祂的见证人,God’s call of Abraham includes the promise that all the nations will be blessed in Him (Gen. 12:1-3)。上帝呼召亚伯拉罕的时候,祂的呼召就包含了一个应许:地上的万国都因为亚伯拉罕,在亚伯拉罕里面必蒙福的(创12:1-3),but that is not God’s first or only purpose.但是,这个不是上帝唯一个计划,甚至乎不是祂首要的计划。God also promises to bless Abraham,whose witness to the nations begins with the blessing he receives as a friend of God,上帝也应许要赐福给亚伯拉罕。亚伯拉罕对万国万民的见证是以这个为开始的,就是因为他是上帝的朋友而得到的福气,是从这裡开始,作为万国的福份的。

以赛亚书41:8节:“惟你以色列—我的仆人,雅各—我所拣选的,我朋友亚伯拉罕的后裔。“历代志下20:7节:”我们的上帝啊,你不是曾在你民以色列人面前驱逐这地的居民,将这地赐给你朋友亚伯拉罕的后裔永远为业吗?“雅各书2:23节:”这就应验经上所说:‘亚伯拉罕信 神,这就算为他的义。‘他又得称为 神的朋友。

我们下一讲继续讲上帝出于祂的主权的爱,拣选了祂的子民, 然后第二段呢,就要讲到上帝拣选的计划是否挫败呢?还有第三段,被拣选的余民、剩下来的余民。

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