末世论_27 基督的再来（续）；千禧年的观点
Doctrine of the last things，Session 27末世论第二十七讲
主讲：林慈信牧师_校对：刘加立弟兄_英文：陈弟兄_中文：自由的荣耀弟兄
我们上一讲，开始了讲：耶稣基督再来的目的。THE PURPOSE OF THE SECOND COMING. 我们上一讲看到，伯克富说，基督再来的目的，就是为了开展未来的世代，就是永恒的状态。他透过做两件大事，来成就这个目的，就是死人的复活和最后的审判的。
好，我们现在继续。In the usual representation of Scripture，as already intimated in the preceding在我们上文所暗示过，圣经一般的表达的方式是， the end of the world，the day of the Lord，the physical resurrection of the dead，and the final judgment coincide四件事情是同时发生的，就是世界的末了、主的日子、死人的身体复活和最后的审判。That great turning point will also bring the destruction of all the evil forces that are hostile to the Kingdom of God，这个伟大的转折点，同时带来了所有敌对上帝国度的邪恶的势力的消灭，参考：帖撒罗尼迦后书二章8节，启示录二十章14节。
It may be doubted，whether anyone would have read the relevant passages in any other way，if Rev. 20:1-6 had not been set up by some as the standard by which all the rest of the New Testament must be interpreted.我们怀疑，有任何人会用其他方法来读这些有关的经文的。假如呢，没有人把启示录20章第1到第6节，把它设为所有新约圣经都要按照它来解释的标准，意思就是说，如果没有人这样做的话呢，我们当然就是这样看主的再来的，这几件事情是同时发生的。
According to Premillenarians根据前千禧年派的，the second coming of Christ will primarily serve the purpose of establishing the visible reign of Christ and His Saints’ on earth，and of inaugurating the real day of salvation for the world.基督的再来，根据前千禧年派，主要的目的就是，要在地上设立基督和他的圣徒们外在的能见的统治，和开展世人真正的得救的日子。This will involve the rapture，这个就牵涉到“被提”，the resurrection of the righteous，义人的复活，the wedding of the Lamb，羔羊的婚宴，and judgments upon the enemies of God.还有对上帝的敌人们的不同的审判。
But other resurrections and judgments will follow at various intervals，但是呢，还有其他的复活、其他的审判在不同时段会随着来的，and the last resurrection and final judgment will be separated from the second coming by a thousand years.而最后的复活和最后的审判，隔基督再来1000年。The objections to this view have partly been given in the pre-ceding我们在上文已经提供某一些的对这个观点的反对的理由的，and will partly be mentioned in the following chapters.在下面几章呢，也会提到。
第一章结束。
第二章：Chapter II. Millennial Views千禧年的观点
就是不同的千禧年论。There are some who connect with the advent of Christ the idea of a millennium，either immediately before or immediately following the second coming.有些人把基督的再来呢，联系于一个千禧年的概念，可能是在基督再来之前，或在基督再来之后。While this idea is not an integral part of Reformed theology，虽然这个概念，就是千禧年的概念，不是改革宗神学必需的部分，it nevertheless deserves consideration here，可是，在这里也需要我们去考虑，since it has become rather popular in many circles.因为，在不同的圈子里面，这个千禧年的概念，已经很受人欢迎了。
Reformed theology cannot afford to ignore the wide-spread millenarian views of the present day，改革宗神学不能够忽略在目前广泛传流的千禧年的观点，but should define its position with respect to these.改革宗需要为自己的立场作出定义。Some of those who expect a millennium in the future hold that the Lord will return before the millennium，有一些期待着未来的千禧年的人士呢，他们坚称主会在1000年之前回来的，and are therefore called Premillennialists;他们被称为“前千禧年派”，就是因为这个原因。
while others believe that还有其他的人士这样相信的，他们相信，His second coming will follow after the millennium，基督的第二次再来呢，会在千禧年之后，and are there-fore known as Postmillennialists.因此，他们被称为“后千禧年派者”。There are large numbers，however，who do not believe that the Bible warrants’ the expectation of a millennium，但是，有很多的人士，不相信圣经支持一种对千禧年的期待的，and it has become customary of late to speak of them as Amillennialists.近年来，人们的习惯就是称他们做“无千禧年派”。
The Amillennial view is，as the name indicates，purely negative.无千禧年派的观点，正如它的名称指出，纯粹是负面的。It holds that there is no sufficient Scriptural ground for the expectation of a millennium，无千禧年派坚称，圣经没有足够的理由使我们预期有千禧年。and is firmly convinced that无千禧年派确信，the Bible favors the idea that the present dispensation of the Kingdom of God will be followed immediately by the Kingdom of God in its consummate and eternal form.他们坚信，圣经支持这个概念，就是目前上帝国度的时代之后，马上就有上帝的国度最后的永恒的形态的来临。
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It is mindful of the fact that无千禧年派人士记得，the Kingdom of Jesus Christ is represented as an eternal and not as a temporal kingdom，记得圣经这样表达的，耶稣基督的国度是一个永恒的，而不是一个今世的国度的。参考：以赛亚书九章7节；但以理七章14节；路加福音一章33节；希伯来书第一章8节；希伯来书第十二章28节；彼得后书一章11节；启示录十一章15节。and that to enter the Kingdom of the future is to enter upon one’s eternal state，而进入到未来的国度，就是进入到人自己的永恒的状态。Matt. 7:21，22，马太福音七章21、22节，to enter life，就是进入到生命，Matt. 18:8，9 马太十八章8到9节，注意前文，就是上下文。and to be saved，也就是得救了，马可第十章25和26节。Some Premillenarians have spoken of Amillennialism as a new view and as one of the most recent novelties，某一些的前千禧年派人士，论到无千禧年派的时候说，这个是一个新的观点，是最近一个新颖的说法。but this is certainly not in accord with the testimony of history. 但是这个完全不符合历史的见证的。The name is new indeed，无千禧年派的名称诚然是新的，but the view to which it is applied is as old as Christianity.可这个名称所指的观点，与基督教一样那么的老旧。
It had at least as many advocates as Chiliasm among the Church Fathers of the second and third centuries，supposed to have been the heyday of Chiliasm.在第二、第三世纪，也就是人们认为，是“千禧年说”的黄金时代呢，相信无千禧年派的人士，与相信千禧年说的教父一样那么多。It has ever since been the view most widely accepted，自从那个时代，这个是最广泛接受的观点，is the only view that is either expressed or implied in the great historical Confessions of the Church，无千禧年派是唯一一个在教会那些伟大的历史性的信条里面，所表达或者说暗示的观点，and has always been the prevalent view in Reformed circles.在改革宗的圈子里面一直都是最主要、最普遍的观点的。
A.Premillennialism.前千禧年论。
Since Premillennialism has not always assumed the same form，前千禧年论，既然不是每个时代的形式都是一样，it may be well to indicate briefly the form which it generally assumed in the past (without noting all kinds of aberrations)，所以，我们最好先简单地指出，前千禧年论在过去一般的立场，没有列出所有不同的偏差，and then to follow this up with a more detailed description of the most dominant premillennial theory of the present day. 之后，我们来更仔细地描述在今天最主要的前千禧年论理论。
1.THE PREMILLENNIALISM OF THE PAST. 过去的前千禧年论。
The view of Irenaeus may be given as that which best reflects that of the early Christian centuries爱任纽的观点呢，可以说是最能够反应出基督教历史最早的几个世纪的观点的。The present world will endure six thousand years，corresponding to the six days of creation.目前的世界，会存留6000年，是相配于上帝创造的六天。Towards the end of this period到了这个6000年快要结束的时候呢，the sufferings and persecutions of the pious will greatly increase，敬虔的人的苦难和逼迫会大大增加，until finally the incarnation of all wickedness appears in the person of Antichrist.直到最后，一切邪恶的化身，就是敌基督这个位格会显现。
After he has completed his destructive work当敌基督完成了他毁灭性的工作，and has boldly seated himself in the temple of God，而大胆地坐在上帝的圣殿里面之后，Christ will appear in heavenly glory and triumph over all His enemies.基督会带着天上的荣耀显现，胜过他所有的仇敌。This will be accompanied by the physical resurrection of the saints与此同时，圣徒身体会复活，and the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth.上帝的国度会在地上被设立。
The period of millennial bliss，lasting a thousand years，will correspond to the seventh day of creation，1000年的千禧年的福乐，就相配于上帝创造的时候的第七天，— the day of rest. 就是安息日。Jerusalem will be rebuilt;耶路撒冷重新地被建造；the earth will yield its fruit in rich abundance; 地的出产会茂盛；and peace and righteousness will prevail. 平安和公义会遍满全地。At the end of the thousand years在1000年结束的时候，the final judgment will ensue，最后的审判会开始，and a new creation will appear，新的创造，就是新的宇宙会显现，in which the redeemed will live forever in the presence of God.在这个新的宇宙里面，被赎的人会永远在上帝面前活着。
In general outline this representation is typical of the eschatological views of the early Christian centuries，however these may differ in some details.一般来说，上述这个的大纲呢，就是最早的世纪的基督教的典型的末世论。虽然在细节上因人而异。During all the following centuries and into the nineteenth century，在所有接下来的世纪，一直到19世纪，millennial thought remained essentially the same，千禧年的概念基本上没有什么改变，though there were strange aberrations in some of the sects.虽然在一些旁门异端有某一些的偏差。
Continued study，however，led to further development and to greater clarity in the presentation of some of its particulars.但是，因为继续的研究，前千禧年论就有进一步的发展，越讲越清晰，特别在一些的细节表达上。The main features of the common view may be stated somewhat as follows:那么，最普遍接受的观点，可以这样来说，它的特点就是，The coming advent of Christ to the world is near，基督再次来到世界上，这件事情是近了，and will be visible，personal，and glorious.基督的再来是能见的，是亲自再来的，是荣耀的再来。
It will be preceded，however，by certain events，可是基督再来之前，有一些事件会发生，such as the evangelization of all nations，例如，世界万国有福音传给他们，the conversion of Israel，以色列回归主，the great apostasy大背道，and the great tribulation，还有大灾难，and the revelation of the man of sin.还有大罪人的显现。Dark and trying times are therefore still in store for the Church，因此，教会仍然会面对一些黑暗的、熬炼的日子，since she will have to pass through the great tribulation.因为，她要经过大灾难的。
The second coming will be a great，single，outstanding，and glorious event，基督的再来是一件大事，是一件事，是突出的，而且是荣耀的一件事，but will be accompanied by several others bearing on the Church，on Israel，and on the world.但是，与此同时有几件事情一起会发生，这些会影响到教会、以色列和全世界的。The dead saints will be raised死去的圣徒们将要复活，and the living transfigured，活着的，身体要改变，and together they will be translated to meet the coming Lord. 他们一起会被提，去与将要来到的主耶稣相见。
Antichrist and his wicked allies will be slain;敌基督和他的邪恶的同路者都会被杀；and Israel，the ancient people of God will repent，be saved，and restored to the Holy Land.而以色列，上帝古代的选民会悔改得救，恢复回到圣地。Then the Kingdom of God，predicted by the prophets，will be established in a transformed world.然后，在一个已经改变的世界里面，先知们所预言的神的国度会被设立起来。The Gentiles will turn to God in great abundance and be incorporated in the Kingdom.外邦人有一大群、一大群地转向上帝，会进入到上帝的国度里。A condition of peace and righteousness will prevail in all the earth. 全地都会充满平安和公义。After the expiration of the earthly rule of Christ那么，基督在地上的统治的时期过了之后，the rest of the dead will be raised up;其他的死去的人就复活了。and this resurrection will be followed by the last judgment and the creation of a new heaven and a new earth.那这个复活之后呢，就有最后的审判和新天新地的创造。
Generally speaking，it may be said that一般来说，我们可以这样说，this is the type of Premillennialism advocated by such men这种的“前千禧年说”，有下列一些的作者们所提倡：Mede（梅德）、Bengel（本格尔）、Auberlen（奥伯伦）、Christlieb（奎斯特利布）、Ebrard（埃布拉德）、Godet（戈德）、Hofmann（霍夫曼）、Lange（兰格）、Stier（施蒂尔）、Van Oosterzee（范·奥斯特泽）、Van Andel（范·安德尔）、Alford（阿尔福德）、Andrews（安德鲁斯）、Ellicott（埃利科特）、Guinness（吉尼斯）、Kellogg（凯洛格）、Zahn（赞恩）、Moorehead（摩尔海德）、Newton（牛顿）、Trench（特伦奇），and others. It goes without saying that these men differed in some details.不用说，这些的人在一些细节上是有不同的看法的。
2.THE PREMILLENNIALISM OF THE PRESENT. 现今的，就是20世纪的前千禧年派。
我们下一讲，开始来讲“20世纪的前千禧年派”，也就是时代论的“前千禧年论”，我们下一讲继续。
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