末世论_28 千禧年论的观点：前千禧年论
Louis Berkhof，Doctrine of the last things，Session 28伯克富系统神学末世论第二十八讲
主讲：林慈信牧师_校对：刘加立弟兄_英文：陈弟兄_中文：自由的荣耀弟兄
Premillennialism.前千禧年论。
2.THE PREMILLENNIALISM OF THE PRESENT. 现今的，也就是二十世纪的前千禧年论。
In the second quarter of the nineteenth century在19世纪1820之后，a new form of Premillennialism was introduced under the influence of Darby，Kelly，Trotter，and their followers in England and America，在达秘（Darby），Kelly，Trotter，还有他们在英国跟美国的追随者，引进了一个新的版本的前千禧年论，a Premillennialism wedded to Dispensationalism.这个前千禧年论呢，是与时代论“Dispensationalism”结合的。The new views were popularized in our country especially through the Scofield Bible，在美国呢，特别透过司可福圣经，就让新的观点大受欢迎。
and are widely disseminated through the works of such men还有其他的作者广泛地传播这些的概念的，as Bullinger，F. W. Grant，Blackstone，Gray，Silver，Haldeman，the two Gaebeleins，Brookes，Riley，Rogers，and a host of others. 很多很多的讲员跟作者们。They really present a new philosophy of the history of redemption，事实上，他们提供了一个新的对救赎历史的哲学，或者是一套的前提，in which Israel plays a leading role and the Church is but an interlude.在这个的救赎历史观里面，以色列是扮演着主导的角色，而教会只不过是一个插曲而已。
Their guiding principle prompts them to divide the Bible into two books，他们的主导原则，催逼他们把圣经分成两本书，the book of the Kingdom国度的书，and the book of the Church. 和教会的书。In reading their descriptions of God’s dealings with men当我们读到他们怎么描述上帝对待人的方法的时候呢，one is lost in a bewildering maze of covenants and dispensations，我们会在一个迷宫里面走迷路，这个迷宫里面有各种的约，各种的时代，without an Ariadne thread to give safe guidance. 没有一条的线索提供安全跟指引。
Their divisive tendency also reveals itself in their eschatological program.他们这种分割圣经的趋向，在他们整个的末世论架构里面，也非常的明显的。There will be two second comings将来会有两次的主再来，two or three (if not four) resurrections，有两次或者三次的复活，甚至乎四次，and also three judgments.还有三次的审判。Moreover不但如此，there will also be two peoples of God.将来还要有两群的上帝的子民。which according to some will be eternally separate，根据某些的时代论者，他们在永恒里也是分开的，Israel dwelling on earth，以色列住在地上，and the Church in heaven.而教会住在天上。
The following will give some idea of the Premillennial scheme that enjoys the greatest popularity to-day:
下面我们会提出，这个在今天广受欢迎的，前千禧年论的整个的架构：A.Its view of history. 首先，它的历史观；后面还有B.Its eschatology. 它的末世论；还有C.Some of the variations of this theory. 就是说，这个时代论的前千禧年派里面的不同的支派。
- Its view of history. 首先，它的历史观。
God deals with the world of humanity in the course of history on the basis of several covenants上帝在人类历史的进程中呢，根据几个不同的约来处理人类世界的，and according to the principles of seven different dispensations也是根据七个不同的时代的原则来处理人类。Each dispensation is distinct，每一个时代是独特的，and each one of them represents a different test of the natural man ;每一个时代，都代表着上帝对自然人，就是罪人的不同的考验。
and since man fails to meet the successive tests，而人既然在一次又一次的考验上失败了，each dispensation ends in a judgment. 每一个时代是以一次的审判结束的。The theocracy of Israel，founded on Mount Sinai，在西乃山上所设立的以色列神治国家，occupies a special place in the divine economy.在上帝的计划中，是占有特殊的地位的。It was the initiatory form of the Kingdom of God or the Kingdom of the Messiah，这个是上帝的国，或者弥赛亚的国度的最初的形式，and had its golden age in the days of David and Solomon.到了大卫和所罗门的时代，就达到它的黄金时代。
In the way of obedience it might have increased in strength and glory，若走顺服的道路，以色列可能在它的能力和它的荣耀上都会长大，but as the result of the unfaithfulness of the people，it was finally overthrown，但是，因为百姓的不忠诚，最后以色列是亡国的，and the people were carried away into exile.人民被放逐到外邦。The prophets predicted this overthrow，先知们是预言这个亡国的，but also brought messages of hope但是，同时也带来希望的信息，and raised the expectation that in the days of the Messiah Israel would turn to the Lord in true repentance，先知也提出一个的期待，就是在弥赛亚的日子呢，以色列会真正悔改归向耶和华。the throne of David would be re-established in unsurpassed glory，大卫的宝座会重新地建立，充满着前所未有的荣耀，and even the Gentiles would share in the blessings of the future Kingdom.而甚至乎外邦人，都会在将要来的国度的福份上有份。
But when the Messiah came and offered to establish the Kingdom，但是，当弥赛亚来到，要设立国度的时候，the Jews failed to show the requisite repentance. 犹太人并没有活出那个必须的悔改。The result was that结果是呢，the King did not establish the Kingdom，国王没有设立他的国度，but withdrew from Israel and went into a far country，从以色列退出，去了一个远方的国家，postponing the establishment of the Kingdom until His return.他延迟了设立他的国度，直到他再来。
Before He left the earth，however，He founded the Church，但是，在他离开世上之前呢，他设立了教会。which has nothing in common with the Kingdom，教会与天国一点的相同点都没有，and of which the prophets never spoke.而旧约先知们，从来没有论到教会的。
The dispensation of the law made way for the dispensation of the grace of God.律法的时代过去，上帝恩典的时代来到了。During this dispensation the Church is gathered out of Jews and Gentiles，在这个恩典时期，教会从犹太人和外邦人中被聚集起来，and forms the body of Christ，which now shares in His sufferings，教会就成为基督的身体，现在教会在基督的受苦上有份，but will once，as the bride of the Lamb，share in His glory. 但是，将来作为羔羊的新妇，要在基督的荣耀上有份。
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Of this Church Christ is not the King，基督不是这个教会的国王，but the divine Head.乃是从神而来的头。She has the glorious task of preaching，not the gospel of the Kingdom，but the gospel of die free grace of God，教会有荣耀的使命，要宣讲福音，——不是天国的福音，乃是上帝白白的恩典的福音，among all the nations of the world，在世界万国中要宣讲，to gather out of them the elect and further to be a testimony unto them.在他们中间要招聚选民，然后再进一步地在他们中间做见证。
This method will prove to be a failure; 这个的方法，最后被证明是失败的，it will not effect conversions on any large scale.这种的宣教方法，结果不会有大规模的悔改归正的。At the end of this dispensation在这个时代的结束的时候，Christ will suddenly return 基督会突然之间回来，and effect a far more universal conversion.就会带来一个更加普世性的悔改归正。
B.Its eschatology. 这个时代论的千禧年论的末世论。
The return of Christ is imminent now，that is，He may come at any time，基督的再来，现在是快来的，就是说，他随时会回来，for there are no predicted events that must still precede it.就是说，没有先知预言过的事件，必须要在基督再来之前要发生的。However，His coming consists of two separate events，separated from each other by a period of seven years.可是呢，基督的再来呢，是由两个不同的事件组成的，这两个事件中间隔了七年的一个时间。
The first of these events will be the parousia，这两次的再来，第一次就是“parousia”，主的再来。when Christ will appear in the air to meet His saints.基督要在空中显现，与他的圣徒们相遇。All the righteous dead will then be raised up，所有死去的义人，那时候就要复活，and the living saints will be transfigured.而那时候还是活着的圣徒，身体就会被改变。Together they will be caught up into the air，他们一起要被提到空中，will celebrate the wedding of the Lamb，他们一起庆祝羔羊的婚宴，and will then be forever with the Lord.然后他们永远就与主在一起了。
The translation of the living saints is called “the rapture，”这样子，活着的圣徒们的被提，被称为 “the rapture，”（称为被提），sometimes “the secret rapture.”有的时候，被称为是秘密的被提。While Christ and His Church are absent from the earth，当基督和他的教会不在地上的时候呢，and even the indwelling Holy Spirit has gone with the Church，甚至乎内住的圣灵也与教会一起已经离开了世界之后呢，there will be a period of seven years or more，就会有七年，或者更长的一段的时间。often divided into two parts，这七年呢，又往往被分为两半，in which several things will happen.在这个七年的两部分里面，有几件事情要发生。
The gospel of the Kingdom will again be preached，primarily，it would seem，by the believing remnant of the Jews，第一，天国的福音会再次被宣讲，看起来主要是由那些犹太人中间信福音的余民们来宣讲，and conversions on a large scale will result，带来的是一个大幅度的悔改归正，though many will still continue to blaspheme God.虽然，还有很多人继续地亵渎上帝。The Lord will again begin to deal with Israel主耶和华会再一次地来对待以色列，and it will probably at this time (though some say it will be later) be converted.可能在这个时期，或者在有人说是迟一点呢，以色列会悔改归正。
In the second half of this period of seven years在这个七年的第二半，there will be a time of unequalled tribulation，会有一段前所未有的灾难时期，the length of which is still a subject of debate.这个大灾难会有多长呢？教会领袖们仍然在辩论。Antichrist will be revealed敌基督会显现，and the vials of God’s wrath will be poured out upon the human race. 上帝的愤怒将要倾倒在全人类的身上。At the end of the seven-year period到了七年结束的时候，the “revelation” will follow，接下来的就是显现“revelation”，that is，the coming of the Lord down to earth，就是说，主耶稣降临，一直降临到地上。now not for but with His saints.在这次的降临，不是为了他的圣徒，乃是与他的圣徒一起降临到地上。
The living nations are now judged，现在活着的万国要接受审判，参考马太福音25章31节开始那一段。and the sheep separated from the goats;绵羊、山羊要被分开了；the saints that died during the great tribulation are raised up;在大灾难时期，死去的圣徒们现在身体复活；Antichrist is destroyed;敌基督被消灭；and Satan is bound for a thousand years.撒旦被捆绑1000年。The millennial kingdom will now be established，现在呢，千禧年的国度被设立了，a real visible，terrestrial，and material kingdom of the Jews，这个是犹太人的一个真的能见的，有地理、地域的，和物质上的一个的国度，the restoration of the theocratic kingdom，神治的国度要再次地被恢复，including the re-establishment of the Davidic kingship.包括大卫的做王的王权要再次设立起来。
In it the saints will reign with Christ，在这个国度里面，圣徒们与基督一同作王，the Jews will be the natural citizens and many Gentiles adopted citizens.犹太人就会是好像天生的国民。很多的外邦人呢，是被收养的国民。The throne of Christ will be established at Jerusalem，基督的国度会在耶路撒冷被设立起来，which will also again become the central place of worship.耶路撒冷再次地成为人们敬拜的中心的地方。The temple will be rebuilt on Mount Zion，在锡安山上，圣殿再次地建立起来。and the altar will again reek with the blood of sacrifices，人们会再一次地献上流血的祭在祭坛上，even of sin- and trespass-offerings.包括旧约的赎罪祭。
And though sin and death will still claim their victims，虽然罪和死亡仍然会要捆绑人，it will be a time of great fruitfulness and prosperity，这个是一段多结果子的昌盛的时代。in which men’s lives will be prolonged在这段时代呢，人们的寿命会增长，and the wilderness will blossom as the rose.而旷野开花如同玫瑰花一般。In this time the world will speedily be converted，在这段时期呢，世界很快地就会悔改归正。according to some by the gospel，根据某些人说，是因为福音的传讲。but according to the majority by totally different means，但对其他的大部分的时代论者呢，世人的悔改归主，主要是透过完全不一样的方法，such as the personal appearance of Christ，譬如说，因为基督亲自的显现，the envy aroused by the blessedness of the saints，圣徒们的蒙福生活，所激发他们的妒忌，and above all great and terrible judgments’. 而最重要的原因或者方法，就是那些大而可畏的不同的审判。
After the millennium在千禧年过了之后，Satan will be looses for a little season，撒旦会被释放短短的一段时期，and the hordes of Gog and Magog assemble against the holy city.而歌革跟玛各的群众会聚集攻击圣城。The enemies are devoured，however，by fire from heaven，但是，从天上来有火灭绝了这些的敌人，and Satan is cast into the bottomless pit，撒旦被扔在无底坑里，whither the beast and the false prophet have preceded him. 在这个无底坑呢，就已经有那个兽和假先知，事先就在那里了。
After this little season过了这个短短一段时期，the wicked dead are raised up那些邪恶的已经死去的人会身体复活，and appear in judgment before the great white throne，他们要在大白色宝座面前接受审判。（参考启示录20章十一到15节）And then there will be a new heaven and a new earth.然后就有新天新地了。
C.Some of the variations of this theory. 这个理论的不同的支派。
Premillenarians are by no means all agreed as to the particulars of their eschatological scheme.前千禧年派呢，对他们的整个末世论的架构的细节，非常不一致的。A study of their literature reveals a great variety of opinions.我们若研究他们的著作，我们就看到，有各种不同的分歧。There is indefiniteness and uncertainty on many points，在很多的要点上，他们都不确定，which proves that their detailed construction is of rather doubtful value.这就证明，他们的精细的理论的建构，价值不大。
While the majority of present day Premillenarians believe in a coming visible rule of Jesus Christ，虽然目前的前千禧年论者，大部分都相信基督会再来，能见地来统治，even now some anticipate only a spiritual rule，就算在现今呢，也有一些的时代论呢，他们所期待的，只不过是一个属灵的统治，and do not look for a physical presence of Christ on earth.他们并没有盼望，基督有一个亲自身体上在地上的同在。Though the thousand years of Rev. 20 are generally interpreted literally，虽然他们大部分都是用字义来解释启示录20章的1000年，there is a tendency on the part of some to regard them as an indefinite period of shorter or longer duration.他们中间有一些人呢，有这个趋向，就是看启示录20章的1000年是一个不确定的时代，可能更短可能更长。
Some think that the Jews will be converted first，and then brought back to Palestine，有些人认为呢，犹太人先悔改归主，然后，被带回到巴勒斯坦。while others are of the opinion that this order will be reversed. 其他人认为，这个次序是倒过来的。There are those who believe that the means used for the conversion of the world will be identical with those now employed，有人认为呢，用什么方法来使世人归正呢？跟现在用的方法完全一样，but the prevailing opinion is that但是，他们大部分人的意见乃是说，other means will be substituted. 会取代其他的方法的。
There is a difference of opinion also as to the place where the risen saints will dwell during their millennial reign with Christ，至于圣徒们复活之后，在1000年与基督同做王的时候，生活在什么地方呢？也有不同的看法的。on earth or in heaven，在地上还是在天上？or in both places.还是两者都有呢？Opinions differ very much，too，with respect to the continuance of the propagation of the human race during the millennium，那至于在1000年的时候，人类如何繁殖呢？有没有继续繁殖呢？他们的意见都是分歧的。the degree of sin that will prevail at that time，在千禧年的时候，究竟罪普遍吗？得胜吗？and the continued sway of death，死亡还是在掌它的权势吗？and many other points.还有其他的各种的细节上，前千禧年派都持着不同的观点的。
我们下一讲继续。
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