选择页面

末世论_29 前千禧年论 (续)

Louis BerkhofDoctrine of last things,Session 29

伯克富系统神学末世论第二十九讲

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:陈弟兄_中文:自由的荣耀弟兄

我们在处理前千禧年论,这里来到第三点:

3.OBJECTIONS TO PREMILLENMALISM. 反对前千禧年论的理由。

In the discussion of the second advent the premillennial view of it was already subjected to special scrutiny and criticism,当我们讨论到基督再来的时候,我们已经特别谨慎地检视和批评过前千禧年派的观点。and the succeeding chapters on the resurrection and the final judgment will offer further occasion for a critical consideration of the premillennial construction of these events.下面几章,当我们讨论到死人复活和最后的审判的时候,又有机会再次批判前千禧年论怎么建构复活和最后的审判这些的教义。

Hence the objections raised at this point will be of a more general nature,因此,我们在这里所提出的反对的理由呢,是比较一般性的,and even so we can only pay attention to some of the most important ones.就算是如此,我们也只能够注意一些比较重要的反对的理由。

A.第一个理由,第一个反对前千禧年派的理由。

The theory is based on a literal interpretation of the prophetic delineations of the future of Israel and of the Kingdom of God,which is entirely untenable.前千禧年论的理论,是根据用一个字义解经法,去解释先知如何讲以色列的未来,和上帝国度的未来。这个解经法完全是站不住脚的。

This has been pointed out repeatedly in such works on prophecy学者们多次地,在写有关先知预言的书的时候多次地指出这一点的,as those of Fairbairn,Riehm,and Davidson,就好像“Fairbairn”、“Riehm”等等,他们的著作,in the splendid work of David Brown on The Second Advent,还有“David Brown”讲到基督的再来,还有一些的“Waldegrave’s”一位荷兰作者他们的著作,这里我就不读出书名了。The last volume is devoted entirely to a detailed exegetical study of all the Old Testament passages that might bear in any way on the future restoration of Israel.“Aalders”这位学者,特别写了一本书,专门很仔细地去解释所有与以色列复国有关的旧约经文。It is a thorough work that deserves careful study.写得彻底,值得我们谨慎地去研究。

Premillenarians maintain that nothing short of a literal interpretation and fulfilment will satisfy the requirements of these prophetic forecasts;前千禧年论者,坚持只可以用字义解经的方法,和看预言是字义的应验,才能够满足这些先知的预言的要求的。but the books of the prophets themselves already contain indications that point to a spiritual fulfilment,下面是伯克富的批判。他说,但是先知书本身就已经指出,预言是指向属灵的应验的。Isa. 54:13;以赛亚书五十四章13节;Isa.61:6;以赛亚书六十一章第6节;Jer. 3:16;耶利米书三章16节;Jer. 31:31-34;耶利米书三十一章31到34节;Hos. 14:2;何西亚十四章2节;Mic. 6:6-8.弥迦书六章6到8节。

The contention that the names “Zion” and “Jerusalem” are never used by the prophets in any other than a literal sense,that the former always denotes a mountain,and the latter,a city,is clearly contrary to fact.有人这样坚持说,锡安和耶路撒冷这两个名字呢,在先知书里面永远是字义的,也就是说,锡安每一次都是指一个山,耶路撒冷每一次都是指一个城。这个立场完全是清楚地不符合事实的。There are passages in which both names are employed to designate Israel,the Old Testament Church of God,有些经文呢,用锡安和耶路撒冷这个名字呢,是指以色列旧约的上帝的教会的。Isa. 49:14; 以赛亚书四十九章14节;Isa.51:3;以赛亚书五十一章第3节;Isa.52:1,2.以赛亚书五十二章第1和第2节。

And this use of the terms passes right over into the New Testament,这样子地用锡安跟耶路撒冷的名词呢,进到新约圣经也是如此的。Gal. 4:26;加拉太书四章26节;Heb. 12:22;希伯来书十二章22节;Rev. 3:12; 启示录三章12节和Rev. 21:9.启示录二十一章9节。It is remarkable that the New Testament,which is the fulfilment of the Old,contains no indication whatsoever of the re-establishment of the Old Testament theocracy by Jesus,很重要的是新约圣经,而新约就是成全、应验旧约的,完全没有包含一些经文,是指出耶稣基督要重新地设立旧约的神治的国家的。

nor a single undisputed positive prediction of its restoration,新约没有一次地毫无疑问地正面地预言以色列会复国,while it does contain abundant indications of the spiritual fulfilment of the promises given to Israel,反过来说,新约圣经很丰富地充满着一些的经文指出,上帝所赐给以色列的应许呢,他们是从属灵的意义上实现的。Matt. 21:43; 马太福音二十一章43节;Acts 2:29-36,使徒行传二章29到36节;Acts 15:14-18; 使徒行传十五章14章18节;Rom. 9:25,26; 罗马书九章25到26节;Heb. 8:8-13;希伯来书第八章8到13节; I Pet. 2:9;彼得前书二章9节; Rev. 1:6; 5:10. 启示录一章6节;最后,启示录五章10节。

For further details on the spiritualization found in Scripture the work of Dr. Wijngaarden on The Future of the Kingdom may be consulted.“Dr. Wijngaarden ”写了一本书,讲到天国的未来,那里有很多的细节讲到圣经是怎么样有一种的属灵的意义的。这样子来看上帝给以色列的应许的。The New Testament certainly does not favor the literalism of the Premillenarians.新约圣经肯定不支持前千禧年论者的字义解经法。Moreover this literalism lands them in all kinds of absurdities,不但如此,这个字义解经法呢,让他们进入到各种的荒谬的结论。

for it involves the future restoration of all the former historical conditions of Israel’s life:因为这个就牵涉到将来呢,要恢复所有以前在历史上以色列生活的条件,the great world powers of the Old Testament (Egyptians,Assyrians,and Babylonians),就是说,旧约时期那些世界的大国(埃及、亚述、巴比伦),and the neighboring nations of Israel (Moabites,Ammonites,Edomites,and Philistines)还有以色列的邻国(摩押人、亚扪人、以东人、非利士人)must again appear on the scene,这些都再一次地要出现。Isa. 11:14;以赛亚书十一章14节;Amos 9:12;阿摩司书九章12节;Joel 3:19; 约珥书三章19节;Mic. 5:5,6;弥迦书五章5到6节;Rev. 18.还有启示录第十八章。

The temple will have to be rebuilt,那么圣殿必须要重建喽?Isa. 2:2,3;以赛亚书二章2到3节;Mic. 4:1,2; 弥迦书四章1到2节;Zech.14:16-22;撒迦利亚书十四章16到22节;Ezek. 40-48,以西结书四十到四十八章。the sons of Zadok will again have to serve as priests,撒都的儿子,再次地要作祭司喽?Ezek. 44:15-41; 以西结书44章15到41节;48:11-14,还有以西结书四十八章11到14节。and even sin and trespass offerings will again have to be brought upon the altar,还有,为了赎罪的献祭,再一次地要放在祭坛上。

not for commemoration (as some Premillenarians would have it),”不是为了纪念,好像某一些的前千禧年论者会这样解释,but for atonement,这些的献祭是为了赎罪。Ezek. 42:13;以西结书四十二章13节;43:18-27. 以西结书四十三章18到27节。And in addition to all that,除了这些以外,the altered situation would make it necessary for all the nations’ to visit Jerusalem from year to year,in order to celebrate the feast of tabernacles,不但如此,这个改变了的情况呢,就让所有的外邦人万国都必须常常来耶路撒冷,能够过这个住棚节,Zech. 14:16,撒迦利亚书十四章16节and even from week to week,to worship before Jehovah,甚至乎每个礼拜都要来,来敬拜耶和华,Isa. 66:23.以赛亚书六十六章23节。

未经同意,请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿;课程的逐字稿的版权归「中华展望」,禁止复印出版等商业用途。

中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院[email protected](PayPal)

B.第二个反对的理由。

The so-called postponement theory,which is a necessary link in the premillennial scheme,is devoid of all Scriptural basis. 这个所谓的延迟论,这个是在前千禧年论的架构里面一个必须要有的环节,是完全没有圣经根据的。

According to it 根据这个延迟论,John and Jesus proclaimed that the Kingdom,that is,the Jewish theocracy,was at hand.根据这个延迟论呢,施洗约翰和耶稣宣告说,天国(也就是说,犹太人的神治国家)近了。But because the Jews did not repent and believe,但是,因为犹太人没有悔改,也不信,Jesus postponed its establishment until His second coming. 耶稣说,延迟这个天国或者神治国家的设立,直到他第二次来。The pivotal point marking the change is placed by Scofield in Matt. 11:20,那个关键性的转折点,使整件事情改变,司可福的圣经,是把它放在马太福音十一章20节,by others in Matt. 12,其他的前千禧年派者把它放在马太福音十二章。and by others still later.其他的学者又把它放在更迟的时候。

Before that turning point Jesus did not concern Himself with the Gentiles,在这个转折点之前,耶稣并没有关心到外邦人的,but preached the gospel of the kingdom to Israel;反之,耶稣向以色列宣讲天国的福音。and after that 在这个转折点之后,He did not preach the kingdom any more,他就不再讲天国的福音了,but only predicted its future coming他只是预言天国将来要来,and offered rest to the weary of both Israel and the Gentiles.  他向不论是犹太人或者外邦人的劳苦、疲倦者呢,提供安息。

下面是伯克富的批判。

But it cannot be maintained that Jesus did not concern Himself with the Gentiles before the supposed turning point,但是,我们没有理由说,耶稣在这个所谓转折点之前不关心外邦人的,参考Matt. 8:5-13; 马太福音八章5到13节;John 4:1-42,约翰四章1到42节,就是撒玛利亚的夫人,nor that after it He ceased to preach the kingdom,我们也不能说,在这个转折点之后,耶稣不再讲天国的福音的,Matt. 13;马太13章撒种的比喻;Luke 10:1-11. 路加十章1到11节。

There is absolutely no proof that Jesus preached two different gospels,完全没有任何的证据让我们认为,耶稣讲了两个不同的福音,first the gospel of the kingdom首先,天国的福音,and then the gospel of the grace of God;然后,讲上帝白白恩典的福音。in the light of Scripture this distinction is untenable. 从圣经的观点来看,这种的区分是完全站不住脚的。Jesus never had in mind the re-establishment of the Old Testament theocracy,耶稣从来没有想到要重新设立旧约的神治国家,but the introduction of the spiritual reality,of which the Old Testament kingdom was but a type,耶稣要带来的,是一个属灵的实在,旧约的国度只不过是这个属灵的实在的一个预表,Matt. 8:11,12; 马太八章11、12节;13:31-33;马太十三章31到33节;21:43;马太二十一章43节;Luke 17:21;路加十七章21节;John 3:3;约翰三章3节;18:36,37约翰十八章36到37节(参考罗马书十四章17节)。

He did not postpone the task for which He had come into the world,耶稣来到世界上要完成的任务呢,他并没有延迟,but actually established the Kingdom and referred to it more than once as a present reality,耶稣具体设立的国度,不止一次他讲到国度的时候,是指他是一个已经存在的事实,Matt. 11:12; 马太十一章12节;12:28;马太十二章28节;Luke 17:21;路加十七章21节;John 18:36,37; 约翰十八章36、37节(参考歌罗西书一章13节)。This whole postponement theory is a comparatively recent fiction,整个的所谓延迟论,是一个比较近期的一个的虚构的东西,and is very objectionable,我们是极力反对的。

because it breaks up the unity of Scripture and of the people of God in an unwarranted way.因为它没有圣经的根据,把圣经的统一性破坏,也把上帝的子民的统一性破坏了。The Bible represents the relation between the Old Testament and the New as that of type and antitype,of prophecy and fulfilment; 上帝这样表述旧约和新约之间的关系,是预表和实体,预言和应验。but this theory holds that,但是这个延迟论认为呢,while the New Testament was originally meant to be a fulfilment of the Old,虽然,原来新约圣经是要应验、实现旧约圣经的,it really became something quite different.但是,事实上,新约圣经成为一个另外一个东西,是非常不一样的。

The kingdom,that is,the Old Testament theocracy,was predicted and was not restored, 圣经预言旧约的神治国家(就是国度)要设立,但是,这个国度并没有再重新设立,and the Church was not predicted but was established.可是,旧约并没有预言教会,可是教会被设立起来了。旧约的神治社会有预言,但是没有重建;教会没有预言,却设立了。Thus the two fall apart,因此,神治国家跟教会呢,就分隔了,and the one becomes the book of the kingdom,一方面成为国度之书,and the other,with the exception of the Gospels,the book of the Church.另外呢,除了福音书以外,就是教会之书。就是说,新约和旧约也是破裂了。

Besides,不但如此,we get two peoples of God,我们领受到上帝有两群不同的百姓,the one natural and the other spiritual,一个是自然的,一个是属灵的,the one earthly and the other heavenly,一个是属地的,一个是属天的,as if Jesus did not speak of “one flock and one shepherd,” 就好像主耶稣从来没有说到一群羊、一个牧羊人,John 10:16,约翰十章16节,and as if Paul did not say that the Gentiles were grafted into the old olive tree,又好像保罗从来没有说过,外邦人要被插进这个旧的橄榄树一样,Rom. 11:17.罗马书十一章17节。

C.第三个反对的理由。

This theory is also in flagrant opposition to the Scriptural representation of the great events of the future,namely,the resurrection,the final judgment,and the end of the world. 这个理论,就是时代论的前千禧年派,是明明地与圣经所讲的是相反的。圣经讲到,未来有些伟大的事情要发生,就是死人复活、最后的审判和世界的末了。

As was shown in the preceding,the Bible represents these great events as synchronizing.正如上文我们指出,圣经表述这些伟大的事件的时候说,它们是同步发生的。There is not the slightest indication that they are separated by a thousand years,except this be found in Rev. 20:4-6.圣经毫无一个地方指出,这些事件中间隔了1000年,除了在启示录20章4到6节。They clearly coincide,这些的事件,就是死人复活、最后的审判跟世界的末了,很清楚是同时发生的。Matt. 13:37-43,47-50马太福音十三章37到43节;47节到50节;separation of the good and the evil at “the end,” not a thousand years before好人跟罪人被分别出来,是在末了,不是末了的1000年前。还有Matt. 24:29-31;马太二十四章29到31节;25:31-46;马太二十五章31到46节;John 5:25-29;约翰福音五章25到29节; I Cor. 15:22-26;哥林多前书十五章22到26节; Phil. 3:20,21;腓立比书三章20到21节;I Thess. 4:15,16;帖撒罗尼迦前书四章15到16节; Rev. 20:11-15.启示录二十章11到15节。

They all occur at the coming of the Lord,which is also the day of the Lord.这些事情都是在主来的日子发生的,也就是说,是主的日子、耶和华的日子发生的。In answer to this objection这个前千禧年派怎么回答这个反对的理由呢?Premillenarians often suggest that the day of the Lord may be a thousand years long,他们常常会提议说,主的日子可能是1000年这么长,so that the resurrection of the saints and the judgment of the nations takes place in the morning of that long day,那么圣徒的复活,还有外邦人的审判,就好像在那个很长的一天的早上发生,and the resurrection of the wicked and the judgment at the great white throne occurs in the evening of that same day. 那么恶人的复活,还有在大白色宝座面前的审判,是在那天的傍晚发生。

They appeal to II Pet. 3:8. . .他们会诉诸彼得后书三章第8节的,”one day is with the Lord as a thousand years,and a thousand years as one day.”一天在主来看如同千年,千年如同一日。

下面是伯克富的批判。

But this can hardly prove the point,但这个完全不能证明他们要证明的那一点,for the tables might easily be turned here.因为我们倒过来讲也可以啊。The same passage might also be used to prove that the thousand years of Rev. 20 are but a single day.同一段经文也可以用来证明说,启示录20章的1000年呢,只不过是一天而已。

这个是C,第三个反对的理由。D,第四个反对的理由,我们下一讲继续。

 

提示:逐字稿文字只限于个人和教会私下学习交流,目的是造就教会和教会负责带领、讲道的同工们;未经同意,请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿;课程的逐字稿和图片的版权归「中华展望」,禁止复印出版等商业用途。当文字和录音不符时,以录音为准。愿上帝赐福文字编辑和校对的肢体来雅正!若是有修改的地方、奉献支持或是其他任何问题请使用以下邮件方式联系我们。中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院 [email protected](PayPal)