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末世论_36 最后的审判的错误观点(续);最后的审判者和祂的助手们;接受审判者

Louis BerkhofDoctrine of last things,Session 36

伯克富系统神学末世论第三十六讲

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:陈弟兄_中文:自由的荣耀弟兄

Erroneous Views Respecting the Final Judgment.关于最后审判一些的错误的观点。我们讲了第1点:THE JUDGMENT IS PURELY METAPHORICAL. 第一个错误的观点是说,上帝的审判只不过是一个暗喻。第2个错误的观点是:THE JUDGMENT IS EXCLUSIVELY IMMANENT. 上帝的审判完全是在历史中的。第3个错误的观点是:THE JUDGMENT IS NOT A SINGLE EVENT.根据前千禧年派的说法,上帝的审判不是一次过的,是有三个的审判。我们上一讲讲过这三次的审判,下面有批判、反驳和再批判。

伯克富的批判。

It should be noted,however,that the Bible always’ speaks of the future judgment as a single event.但是我们必须要注意,圣经每一次说到“最后的审判”都是指一个事件。It teaches us to look forward,not to days,but to the day of judgment,圣经教导我们要等候、盼望未来审判的那一天,不是很多天,John 5:28,29;(约翰五章28,29节) Acts 17:31;(使徒行传十七章31节);II Pet. 3:7,(彼得后书三章7节),also called “that day,”或者被称为“那日”,Matt. 7:22;(马太福音七章22节);II Tim. 4:8,(提摩太后书四章8节),and “the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God,”或者是上帝倾倒他的愤怒和他的公义审判的日子,Rom. 2:5. 罗马书二章5节。

下面是前千禧年派的回应。

Premillenarians feel the force of this argument,前千禧年派会看到、感觉到这个论点有它的道理,for they reply that所以他们这样回答,it may be a day of a thousand years.这个审判的日子,可能是一千年的一个日子。Moreover,there are passages of Scripture from which it is abundantly evident that the righteous and the wicked appear in judgment together for a final separation,不单如此,伯克富说,圣经里面有很多经文,完完全全明显地说明,义人和恶人同时要站在审判台前接受一个最后的分别的。Matt. 7:22,23;(马太七章22到23节)25:31-46(马太二十五章31到46节)Rom. 2:5-7;(罗马书二章5到7节)Rev. 11:18;(启示录十一章18节)20:11-15. (启示录20章11到15节)。

Furthermore,不但如此,it should be noted that the judgment of the wicked is represented as a concomitant of the parousia and also of the revelation,我们要注意到,上帝审判罪人是与主的再来和主的显现都是同时发生的,II Thess. 1:7-10;(帖撒罗尼迦后书一章7到10节);II Pet. 3:4-7.(彼得后书三章4到7节)。

And,finally,it should be borne in mind最后,我们必须要记得,that God does not judge the nations as nations where eternal issues are at stake,but only individuals;当上帝审判人类的时候,当上帝判断一些永恒的事情的时候,上帝审判万国,不是以国家做为单位,是以个人作为单位的;and that a final separation of the righteous and the wicked cannot possibly be made until the end of the world. 还有,一直要等到世界的末了,才能够最后地把义人和罪人分别出来的。

It is hard to see how anyone can give a tolerable and self-consistent interpretation of Matt. 25:31-46,except on the supposition that the judgment referred to is the universal judgment of all men,and that they are judged,not as nations,but as individuals.马太福音二十五章31到46节就是这样来看,那里所指的审判,是全人类的普遍性的审判,他们不是以国家为单位接受审判的,乃是以个人作单位的。我们很难想像,任何人可以有另外一种的解释是一致的,也是我们别人可以接受的。Even Meyer and Alford who are themselves Premillenarians consider this to be the only tenable exposition.就算是前千禧年派的“ Meyer”和“Alford”也认为这个是唯一有支持的,对这段经文的解释。

  1. THE FINAL JUDGMENT IS UNNECESSARY.上帝最后的审判是不需要的。

Some regard the final judgment as entirely unnecessary,because each man’s destiny is determined at the time of his death.有些人认为,上帝最后的审判是完全不需要的,因为每个人的结局在他死的时候已经决定好了。If a man fell asleep in Jesus,he is saved; 有一个人若在耶稣里睡了,他得救了,and if he died in his sins,he is lost. 若在他最终死亡,他是失丧的。Since the matter is settled,既然事情已经定了,no further judicial inquiry is necessary,就不必有进一步法律上的审核,and therefore such a final judgment is quite superfluous.因此,这样一种最后的审判是多余的。

下面是伯克富的批判。

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But the certainty of the future judgment does not depend on our conception of its necessity.但是最后的审判是肯定会发生的,这个不在乎我们认为它是需要还是不需要的。God clearly teaches us in His Word that there will be a final judgment,上帝在他的话语里面清楚地教导我们,将来必有一个最后的审判。and that settles the matter for all those who recognize the Bible as the final standard of faith.所以,对任何认为圣经是信仰最高的标准的人,这就已经把事情决定好了。Moreover,不但如此,the underlying assumption on which this argument proceeds,namely,that the final judgment is for the purpose of ascertaining what should be the future state of man,is’ entirely erroneous. 不但如此,这个论点后面的一个的或者是他所假设的是完全错误的。他所假设的就是说,上帝最后的审判的目的,就是要决定人类或者每个人的最后的结局。It will serve the purpose rather of displaying before all rational creatures the declarative glory of God in a formal,forensic act,不是的,最后的审判的目的,是要在所有有灵魂的受造物,就是在所有的人、天使、鬼魔面前要显示出,上帝如何宣告他的荣耀。这个是一个正式地、法律上的作为。which magnifies on the one hand His holiness and righteousness,and on the other hand,His grace and mercy.这个法律上的宣告,一方面彰显他的圣洁和公义,另外一方面彰显上帝的恩典和怜悯的。

Moreover,不但如此,it should be borne in mind我们必须要记得,that the judgment at the last day will differ from that at the death of each individual in more than one respect.在不止一方面,末日的审判与每个个人死的时候的审判,不止一方面是不一样的。It will not be secret,but public;最后的审判不是隐藏的,是公开的。it will not pertain to the soul only,but also to the body;最后的审判不单单是关乎到人的灵魂,也是关乎到身体的。it will not have reference to a single individual,but to all men.最后的审判不单单是指某一个个人,乃是指所有的人。

D.The Judge and His Assistants.审判者和他的助手们。

Naturally,the final judgment,like all God’s opera ad extra,is a work of the triune God,很自然地,最后的审判,就正如上帝所有在他自身以外的作为都是三一真神的工作,but Scripture ascribes it particularly to Christ.但是,圣经特别指出的审判是基督的审判。Christ in His mediatorial capacity will be the future Judge,耶稣基督做为中保,他带着这个中保的身份来作将来的审判官的,Matt. 25:31,32;(马太福音二十五章31,32节);John 5:27;(约翰福音五章27节);Acts 10:42;(使徒行传十章42节);17:31;(使徒行传十七章31节);Phil. 2:10;(腓立比书二章10节);II Tim. 4:1(提摩太后书四章1节)。

Such passages as Matt. 28:18;John 5:27; Phil.2:9,10,make it abundantly evident that马太二十八章18节、约翰福音五章27节、腓立比书二章9到10节这一类的经文,让我们很清楚地看到,that the honor of judging the living and the dead was conferred on Christ as Mediator in reward for His atoning work and as a part of His exaltation.审判活人死人这个尊荣,是授于作为中保的基督的,为了要赏赐他完成了救赎大工,同时也是基督被荣耀、被高举的一部分。This may be regarded as one of the crowning honors of His kingship.我们也可以看最后的审判是基督作为君王,这个君王的职分的带冠冕式的最后的尊贵。

In His capacity as Judge,too,Christ is saving His people to the uttermost:基督作为审判官在这个身份上,他也是救他的子民拯救到底:He completes their redemption,基督完成了他们的救赎,justifies them publicly,公开地称他们为义,and removes the last consequences of sin.也除去罪的最后最后的后果。From such passages as Matt. 13:41,42; 24:31 ; 25:31 ,it may be inferred that the angels will assist Him in this great work.我们看一些的经文,例如马太福音十三章41、42节,二十四章31节,二十五章31节,可以推论说,天使们在这个审判的大工上将会协助基督的。

Evidently,the saints will in some sense sit and judge with Christ,很明显地,在某一个程度上,在某一个意义上,圣徒们也会坐在他们的位置与基督一同审判的,Ps. 149:5-9;(诗篇一百四十九篇5到9节);I Cor. 6:2,3;(哥林多前书六章2到3节);Rev. 20:4.(启示录二十章4节)。It is hard to say just what this will involve.那么究竟这个包含了什么呢?就很难说。It has been interpreted to mean that the saints will condemn the world by their faith,just as the Ninevites would have condemned the unbelieving cities of Jesus’ day; or that they will merely concur in the judgment of Christ.有人这样解释说,圣徒们将以他们的信心来定世界的罪,就等于尼尼微人呢,就定了耶稣基督当时的那些不信的城市的罪一样,或者说他们只不过是同意基督的判断。

But the argument of Paul in I Cor. 6:2,3 但是保罗在哥林多前书六章2到3节的论点,would seem to require something more than this,好像让我们必须要认为,不仅仅是这么一点点,for neither of the two suggested interpretations would prove that the Corinthians were capable of judging the matters that arose in the Church.因为上面讲这两个不同的解释呢,不能够证明,哥林多教会的基督徒是能够判断一些在教会里所浮现的问题的。Though the saints cannot be expected to know all those who appear in judgment and to apportion the penalties,虽然圣徒们,我们没有预期到,他们会认识所有来到审判台面前的人,不会认识他们,也不会懂得怎么分配所有惩罚,yet they will have some real active share in the judgment of Christ,though it is impossible to say just what this will be.但是,他们在耶稣基督的审判上会有某一方面真实的、正面的一份,当然究竟这个是什么的一份呢?是不可能很明确地知道。

  1. The parties that will be judged.谁要接受审判。

Scripture contains clear indications of at least two parties that will be judged.圣经很清楚地指出,至少有两方面必须要接受审判者。It is quite evident that the fallen angels will stand before the tribunal of God,很明显地,那些堕落的天使必须要站在上帝的审判台前的,Matt. 8:29; I Cor. 6:3 ; II Pet. 2:4 ; Jude 6. 马太福音八章29节;哥林多前书六章3节;彼得后书二章4节;犹大书六节。Satan and his demons will meet their final doom in the day of judgment.撒旦和他的鬼魔在审判之日都要面对他们最后的结局的。It is also perfectly clear that every individual of the human race will have to appear before the judgment seat,圣经也完全清楚地说,人类的每一个个人,必须要站在上帝的审判台前的,Eccl. 12:14;(传道书十二章14节);Ps. 50:4-6; (诗篇五十章4到6节);Matt. 12:36,37;(马太福音十二章36,37节);25:32;(马太福音二十五章32节);Rom. 14:10;(罗马书十四章10节);II Cor. 5:10; (哥林多后书五章10节);Rev. 20:12.(启示录二十章12节)。

These passages certainly leave no room for the view of the Pelagians and of those who follow in their wake,这些经文完全没有让伯拉纠主义者,和跟随伯拉纠主义的人,完全没有为他们的观点留了空间,that the final judgment will be limited to those who have enjoyed the privileges of the gospel.他们的观点也是说,最后的审判只是限于那些享受过听福音的特权的人而己。Neither do they favor the idea of those sectarians who hold that the righteous will not be called into judgment.圣经也不支持某一些的旁门派别他们的观点,他们认为,上帝不会呼召义人来接受审判的。When Jesus says; in John 5:24,当主耶稣在约翰福音五章24节这样说的时候,耶稣在约翰五章24节说,我实实在在地告诉你们:那听我话、又信差我来者的,就有永生,不至于定罪,是已经出死入生了。他这样说的时候,he clearly means in view of the context,that the believer cometh not into condemnatory judgment.这里根据上下文,耶稣清楚的意思就是说,信他的人不会进入到定罪性的审判的。But it is sometimes objected that the sins of believers,which are pardoned,certainly will not be published at that time; 但是又有一些人反对,他们说,信徒们的罪是被赦免的,肯定就不会在那个时候被公开的。

伯克富的批判。

but Scripture leads us to expect that they will be,though they will,of course,be revealed as pardoned sins.但是,圣经会带领着我们去预期会等候,信徒们的罪也会公开的,虽然他们公开的时候,是作为已经赦免的罪就是了。Men will be judged for “every idle word,” Matt. 12:36,and for “every secret thing,”在每一句的闲言闲语,每一个隐藏的事,都要公开接受审判的。马太福音十二章36节;罗马书二章16节;哥林多前书四章5节。and there is no indication whatsoever that this will be limited to the wicked.圣经没有任何的证据指出,这些只不过是指罪人而己。

Moreover,不但如此,it is perfectly evident from such passages as Matt. 13:30,40-43,49; 25:14-23,34-40,46,that the righteous will appear before the judgment seat of Christ.还有,有些的经文很清楚地指出,义人也必须要站在基督的审判台前的。马太十三章30,40到43,49节;马太二十五章14-23,34-40,46节。It is more difficult to determine,whether the good angels will be subject to the final judgment in any sense of the word. 另外一个比较难决定的事,就是那些好的天使是否也会服在最后的审判之下。Dr. Bavinck is inclined to infer from I Cor. 6:3 that they will be; 巴文克博士从哥林多前书六章第3节推论出,他认为,好的天使也会接受审判的。but this passage does not prove the point.但是这节的经文并没有证明他的论点的。It might do this,if the word aggelous were preceded by the article,which is not the case.假如“天使”前面有一个冠词“The”,就可能会证明,但是经文不是这样说的。We simply read,”Know ye not that we shall judge angels?”圣经只是这样说:“你们不知道我们会审判天使吗?” Because of the uncertainty connected with this matter,it is better to be silent.因为这件事情没有那么清楚,所以最好是沉默不言。The more so,since the angels are clearly represented only as ministers of Christ in connection with the work of judgment,因为天使们在圣经很清楚地是基督的仆人,就是在审判的大工上是仆人,所以我们更加应该沉默了。Matt. 13:30,41; 25:31 ; II Thess. 1:7,8.马太福音十三章30节,41节;马太福音二十五章31节;帖撒罗尼迦后书一章7到8节。

F.The Time of the Judgment. 第六方面,第六部分是审判的日子或者是时候。

这里我们当然知道,最后的审判的日子圣经没有清楚说。但是,与其他的事件是有着一些的相关性的。我们下次来讲这个第六部分:F. The Time of the Judgment.最后审判的日子是什么日子。

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