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末世论_38end 罪人最后存在的状态;义人的状态(完)

Louis BerkhofDoctrine of last things,Session 38

伯克富系统神学末世论第三十八讲

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:陈弟兄_中文:自由的荣耀弟兄

2.THE STATE IN WHICH THE WICKED WILL CONTINUE THEIR EXISTENCE. 我们来到恶人(就是非信徒)他们在永恒里存在的状态,“THE STATE OF THEIR EXISTENCE”,他们永远会在怎么一种的状态一直地存在下去。

It is impossible to determine precisely what will constitute the eternal punishment of the wicked,我们不可能很精准地决定或者确认,恶人的永恒里的刑罚包含了什么,and it behooves us to speak very cautiously on the subject.我们应该很谨慎地在这方面发表我们的言论。Positively,it may be said to consist in正面方面我们可以这样说,恶人的永远的惩罚包括四方面:

(a)a total absence of the favor of God; 完全没有上帝的恩宠;

(b) an endless disturbance of life as a result of the complete domination of sin; 罪完全地掌控他们,因此他们的生命是不断地受到干扰的;

(c) positive pains and sufferings in body and soul; 在他们的身体、灵魂两方面,有正面的痛苦和苦难;

(d) such subjective punishments有这一类的主观性的刑罚,as pangs of conscience,良心的折磨,anguish,despair,困苦,绝望,weeping,and gnashing of teeth,哭泣和咬牙切齿。Matt. 8:12;(马太福音八章12节);13:50; (马太福音十三章50节);Mark 9:43,44,47,48;(马可福音九章43、44、47、48节);Luke 16:23,28;(路加福音十六章23、28节);Rev. 14:10;(启示录十四章10节);21:8.(启示录二十一章8节)。Evidently,there will be degrees in the punishment of the wicked. 恶人所受的惩罚,明显地有不同的程度的。

This follows from such passages这个从下列这些经文能够看得出,譬如说,Matt. 11:22,24;(马太福音十一章22,24节);Luke 12:47,48;(路加福音十二章47,48节);20:17.(路加福音二十章17节)。Their punishment will be commensurate with their sinning against the light which they had received.他们所受的惩罚与他们所领受的亮光,也就是说,他们在怎么样的亮光之下犯罪是相称的。But it will,nevertheless,be eternal punishment for all of them.不过,不论如何,对他们所有的人来说,是永恒的惩罚。This is plainly stated in Scripture,这个是圣经所明说的,Matt. 18:8;(马太福音十八章8节);II Thess. 1:9;(帖撒罗尼迦后书一章9节);Rev. 14:11;(启示录十四章11节);20:10.(启示录二十章10节)。

Some deny that there will be a literal fire,有人不承认将来有一个真正的具体的火,because this could not affect spirits like Satan and his demons.因为“火”不影响到好像撒旦和它的邪灵,它们这种的灵魂的。

伯克富的批判。

But how do we know this?但是我们又如何知道呢?Our body certainly works on our soul in some mysterious way.肯定地是,我们的身体在一种的说不出来的奥秘的那个方法,会影响我们的灵魂的。There will be some positive punishment corresponding to our bodies.相对于我们的身体,上帝会施行一些正面的惩罚的。It is undoubtedly true,however,that a great deal of the language concerning heaven and hell must be understood figuratively.不过,毫无疑问的是,圣经里面讲到天堂和地狱的用词,很多应该用喻意来理解。

3.THE DURATION OF THEIR PUNISHMENT. 他们受惩罚的长短。

The question of the eternity of the future punishment deserves more special consideration,however,because it is frequently denied.将来的惩罚是永恒的,这个问题需要我们更多地特别考虑,因为往往有人不承认这一点。It is said that the words used in Scripture for “everlasting” and “eternal” may simply denote an “age ” or a “dispensation,” or any other long period of time.有人会说,圣经所用的永远的、永恒的这些词汇,只不过是指一个时代,或者其他的比较长的一段的时间。

下面是伯克富的批判。

Now it cannot be doubted that they are so used in some passages,我们不否认这些字在某些的经文是这样用的,but this does not prove that they always have that limited meaning.但是这个并不证明它们(就是“永恒”这些字)每一次都有这种有限的意义。It is not the literal meaning of these terms.“永恒”这些词字义上的意义,并不是指一个世代而己。Whenever they are so used, 而“永恒”假如是用来指一些的时代的话呢,they are used figuratively,它们的用法是喻意的,and in such cases their figurative use is generally quite evident from the connection.而在这些的情况,从上下文我们就很明显看出,它们的用法是喻意的。

Moreover不但如此,there are positive reasons for thinking that these words do not have that limited meaning in the passages to which we referred,还有一些积极的原因,为什么我们应该相信,在我们所指的一些经文里面,这些字(就是“永远”)的意义并不是这样子受限制的。那是什么积极的原因呢?

  • In 25:46在马太福音二十五章46节,the same word describes the duration of both,the bliss of the saints and the penalty of the wicked.同一个字描述了两种事情的长短,就是圣徒的福乐和恶人的惩罚。If the latter is not,properly speaking,unending,neither is the former;假如后者,就是恶人的惩罚,正确来说不是永远不止息的话呢,那么圣徒们的福乐也不是了。and yet many of those who doubt eternal punishment,do not doubt everlasting bliss,但是很多怀疑惩罚是否永恒的人,他们不会怀疑信徒的福乐是永恒的。
  • Other expressions are used which cannot be set aside by the consideration mentioned in the preceding. 还有其他一些圣经的表述方法是不能用这些的考虑来搁置的。The fire of hell is called an “unquenchable fire,” 地狱的火是被称为一个“不灭的火”,Mark 9:43; (马可福音九章43节)。and it is said of the wicked that “their worm dieth not,” 圣经也说,恶人永远有虫子咬它们的,Mark 9:48.(马可福音九章48节)。Moreover,the gulf that will separate saints and sinners in the future is said to be fixed and impassable,不但如此,将来把圣徒和罪人分别出来的鸿沟是固定的,不能越过的,Luke 16:26.(路加福音十六章26节)。

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B.The Final State of the Righteous.义人最后的状态。

1.THE NEW CREATION. 新的创造,或者说新的宇宙。

The final state of believers will be preceded by the passing of the present world and the appearance of a new creation.在最后的信徒们的状态来临之前,现今的世界又成为过去,有一个新创造、新宇宙出现的。Matt. 19:28 speaks of “the regeneration,”马太福音十九章28节提到更新,万物的更新regeneration,and Acts 3:21 ,of “the restoration of all things.”使徒行传三章21节所说到是“万物的复兴”restoration。In Heb. 12:27 we read:在希伯来书十二章27节我们读到这一段:

这再一次的话,是指明被震动的,就是受造之物都要挪去,使那不被震动的常存。

Peter says this,II Pet. 3:13,cf. vs. 12; 彼得在彼得后书三章13节这样说的:但我们照他的应许,盼望新天新地,有义居在其中。(或者说是义人的家)。参考第12节:切切仰望上帝的日子来到。在那日,天被火烧就销化了,有形质的都要被烈火熔化。

and John saw this new creation in a vision,Rev. 21:1.而约翰在启示录二十一章1节他在一个异象里面看到这个新创造,或者新的宇宙。

It is only after the new creation has been established,that the new Jerusalem descends out of heaven from God,that the tabernacle of God is pitched among men,and that the righteous enter upon their eternal joy. 这个义人住在新天新地,是要等到新创造、新宇宙已经被建立了,新的耶路撒冷要从天上、从上帝那里降临了,上帝的会幕已经在人间被建立起来了,第四,义人进入到他们永恒的喜乐了。

The question is often raised,whether this will be an entirely new creation,or a renewal of the present creation.常常有人问,这个是一个完全新的创造,还是现今创造、现今宇宙的更新?Lutheran theologians strongly favor the former position路德宗或者信义宗的神学家强烈地赞成前者,就是完全是新的,他们所诉诸的经文their appeal是彼得后书三章7到13节、启示录二十章11节和启示录二十一章1节。

while Reformed theologians prefer the latter idea,而改革宗的神学家一般是赞成后者,就是现今宇宙的更新,他们所找到的支持经文有诗篇102篇26和27节、希伯来书第一章10到12节和希伯来书十二章26到28节。

 

2.THE ETERNAL ABODE OF THE RIGHTEOUS. 义人永远的居所。

Many conceive of heaven also as a subjective condition,which men may enjoy in the present and which in the way of righteousness will naturally become permanent in the future.很多人认为,天堂是一个主观的状态,人们现在就已经享受到,而根据公义的道路,当然在未来就是一个永远的状态了。

下面是伯克富对这个观点的批判。

But here,too,it must be said that但是在这点上,我们也必须这样说,Scripture clearly presents heaven as a place.圣经很清楚地表达天堂是一个地方。Christ ascended to heaven,基督升到天上,which can only mean that He went from one place to another.唯一的意思就是,基督从一个地方到了另外一个地方。It is described as the house of our Father with many mansions,圣经形容这个地方是“我父之家”,有很多居所的,John 14:1,约翰福音十四章1节。and this description would hardly fit a condition.这种的描述肯定不是指一种的状态而己。

Moreover,不但如此,believers are said to be within,while unbelievers are without,圣经说,信徒们是在这个天堂的里面,而非信徒是在外面。Matt. 22:12.13;(马太福音二十二章12、13节);25:10-12.(马太福音二十五章10到12节)。Scripture gives us reasons to believe that the righteous will not only inherit heaven,but the entire new creation,圣经给我们足够的理由相信,义人不单单承受天堂,而且是承受整个新的受造宇宙的。Matt. 5:5 ;(马太福音五章5节);Rev. 21:1-3.(启示录二十一章1到3节)。

3.THE NATURE OF THEIR REWARD. 义人所得的赏赐的性质。

The reward of the righteous is described as eternal life,圣经形容义人的赏赐是永生,that is,not merely an endless’ life,but life in all its fulness,without any of the imperfections and disturbances of the present,这个意思不单单是一个没有终止的生命,而且是一个完全丰满的生命,没有任何今生的缺欠或者是干扰。Matt. 25:46;(马太福音二十五章46节);Rom. 2:7. (罗马书二章7节)。The fulness of this life is enjoyed in communion with God,which is really the essence of eternal life,这个生命的怎么的完全丰满呢,是因为他是在与上帝交通,与上帝相交的情况之下所享受的生命,而与“上帝交通”本身就是永生的核心的意义了。Rev. 21:3.(启示录二十一章3节)。

They will see God in Jesus Christ face to face,他们会在耶稣基督里面对面地看见上帝,will find full satisfaction in Him,他们会在上帝里找到他们完全的满足,will rejoice in Him,会在上帝里喜乐,and will glorify Him.也把荣耀归给他。

We should not think of the joys of heaven,however,as exclusively spiritual.但是我们不可以认为天上的福乐只是属灵的,就是与上帝交通、喜乐等等,There will be something corresponding to the body.天堂的福乐包含了与身体有关的一些的事的,There will be recognition and social intercourse on an elevated plane.彼此的相认和交通会在一个提升的层次上发生的。

It is also evident from Scripture圣经也很明显地说,there will be degrees in the bliss of heaven,在天堂所享受的福乐,是会有不同的程度的。Dan. 12:3 ;(但以理十二章3节);II Cor. 9:6.(哥林多后书九章第6节)。Our good works will be the measure of our gracious reward,though they do not merit it. 我们的好行为不配我们得到上帝恩宠的赏赐,但是我们的好行为就是上帝怎么衡量将来的赏赐的那个标准。

Notwithstanding this,however,虽然是如此,the joy of each individual will be perfect and full.每一个个人的喜乐是完全毫无瑕疵的,而且是完全丰满的喜乐。

伯克富系统神学就在这里完全结束。

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