妇女在教会的角色与男性领导的观点 01
The Role of Women in the Church妇女在教会的角色–
A male headship view–男性领导这个的观点
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_英文:Cherry姐妹_文字:Annie姐妹
The head of the woman is the man,女人的头是男人,或者男人是女人的头。An article by Susan Foh是我的同学Susan Foh或者说Foh师母写的,这篇的文章The Role of Woman in the Church–a male headship view,the head of the woman is the man,this article first appeared in a book Women and Ministry 4 Views edited by Robert G Clouse inter Varsity Press in 1989这篇文章,原来在一本英文的书,整本书也有中文的翻译本的,是《女人与侍奉–四种观点》,中文是台湾中华福音神学院1999年出版的,the article appeared in an English book in pages 69 -105,这篇文章的中文翻译本在《女人与侍奉》这本书69页到第114页,before this article was translated into Chinese,I translated much of it in a summary form,and this is what you have in your notes today ;这本书没有翻成中文之前,或者我没有发现它翻成中文之前,我就先把一些的摘要翻成中文,so we gonna go through this article in detail所以我们现在详细地走过这篇的文章。
首先,它有一个的好像故事的这个序言,first,a little illustration by introduction:
The organ prelude fills the sanctuary.教会圣堂里充满着电风琴序乐的声音,From a side door,the minister,identified by his rohe,a male song leader,and a woman enter the apse. 从旁门牧师穿着牧师的袍子,一位男性的带领诗歌的,还有一位女性进入到教会的台上。What is a woman doing there,some wonder;有人问:这个姐妹在那里究竟要做什么?women are not to lead in church but to be silent and submissive.女性不应该在教会做领导的应该沉默、顺服啊。
Others,more in tune with the times,are not phased by her presence.另外有些赶上时代的人,感觉到她在那里没什么事。During the service,the woman reads the Scripture and leads in prayer. 崇拜聚会中,这位的姐妹读圣经,带领祷告。Her participation is too much for some and too little for others. 她这样参与的崇拜对某些人来说做的太多了,对其他人来说又做得不够。How should we react to her actions?我们应该对她所做的做出如何的回应呢? How are we to evaluate them?我们又该如何地检视检讨呢?
First section 第一段:The starting point我们的起点。
The question ofwhat women can do in the church,in terms of officeholding and participating in the worship service,has been answered several different ways. 女性在教会可以做什么?就是说可以担任怎么样的职分的,在崇拜又可以如何的参与?有好几种不同的回答。These various answers result from different views of the Bible or different methods of biblical interpretation.这几种不同的回答,是因为有对圣经不同的看法,或者用不同的方法来解释圣经。
The Bible may be approached as: (1) God’s word without human error or opinion 第一、圣经可以这样来读,圣经是上帝的话没有人的错误没有人的意见;or (2) God’s word mixed with human opinion. 或者第二种读法是,上帝的话掺杂了人的意见。Those who hold the latter view 持第二种看法的人,attribute Paul’s commands concerning women to the human element in Scripture 他们就认为保罗关于妇女的命令是属于圣经的人的那个因素,and thus believe these commands are no longer applicable today. 因此他们相信这些的命令,今天是不再适用了。The Bible,then,is not the final authority for faith and life 那么圣经就不再是信仰和生活的最高权威since it is subject to the judgment of human reason.因为这样子,圣经要服从在人的理性的判断之下。
One hermeneutical principle,the consideration of the cultural,historical and geographical context,has been used to relativize the biblical commands to women. 有一个解释圣经的原则,是用来把圣经对妇女的命令把它相对化的,这个解经原则就是要考虑到文化、历史和地理的处境。
For instance,例如,some commentators argue that the command for wives to submit to their husbands occurred in a patriarchal society and thus is not binding today. 有些圣经注释家做这样子的论说,他们说圣经命令妻子顺服丈夫,这个是发生在一个父系的社会patriarchy society,因此,今天就不再生效了not binding。To note the culture,however,should not relativize the command. (那下面是我们的作者的回应,她说)注意到圣经的文化,不应该让圣经的命令成为相对的。
God chose the time and place for his revelation to be recorded,上帝选择了在什么地方,什么时候把祂的启示记录下来,and he is not bound by either. 而上帝没有受到时间跟空间的约束的。Only indications in the text can suggest its temporal or limited character. 唯有圣经文本本身有什么的指出,才能够意味着圣经有它的时间性的本质,或者有它的有限性。就是除非经文指出,不然的话你注意到文化不能够算是一段经文算是相对的。
If the biblical material is in the form of a command to the church as a whole 假如圣经的资料它是用一个对整个教会的命令这个形式出现的话呢,(as in 1 Cor 14:34 and 1 Tim 2:11-12例如在哥林多前书14:34节,和提摩太前书2:11-12节,),it ought to be seen as valid for all time. 我们就应该看这些的圣经资料是在任何时代都有效的。If there is nothing in the text to indicate that a command is limited to a special case or circumstance,we cannot presume to limit the text or to read Paul’s mind. 假如经文的文本本身没有任何的迹象指出某一个命令是限于某一种的特别个案,或者特别情况,那么我们就不可以擅自地把这段的经文限制,也不可以猜究竟保罗在想什么。
For example,譬如说,some suggest that Paul,as a concerned pastor,deliberately limited the women in order to avoid upsetting the system too much all at once;有一些人这样的建议,他说保罗作为一位牧者,他特别的关心不要马上让当时的整个的系统制度太大的翻转,所以故意的让妇女受到一些的限制;his commands were intended to be transitional and temporary (they selfdestruct once society has progressed). 他的命令的用意是暂时的,是在一个转折时期的,(当社会进步的时候,他们这些的命令当然就自我毁灭了)。Yet there is nothing in any of the passages about women to support this view. (我们的作者的回应是)在这一些的关乎妇女的经文里面,没有任何东西是支持这个观点的。
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Another cultural setting must be noted in the interpretation of Scripture: 当我们解释圣经的时候,还有另外一个文化处境要注意到的:that of the interpreter. 解释圣经的人的文化背景。One must be aware of the trends and controlling ideas in one’s own culture in order to refrain from reading them into the biblical text.我们必须意识到,在我们自己的文化里面的趋势和那些主导文化的概念,好叫我们不要把这些的概念读进去经文里面。
Equality is a current banner held high 平等目前是一个举得高高的旗子(it is un-American to speak against equality假如你讲话反对平等的话,你简直不是个美国人),· and it is assumed to be an indisputable theme in Scripture. 人们也假设这个平等在圣经里面是一个主题,是毫无疑问不能争辩的。But is it?真的是如此吗?Check a concordance. 你打开经文汇编吧!
Only two references to equality refer to persons. 唯有两处经文是指人与人之间的平等的。Consider also the biblical emphasis on selflessness 不过要考虑到圣经强调的是不自私、忘我 (Mt 5:39-41;16:24-28;Rom 14:20;15:2;1 Pet 5:5经文包括太5:39-41;16:24-28;罗14:20;15:2;彼前 5:5),on responsibilities and duties 也考虑圣经强调我们的责任义务(Eph 5:21-6:9;Col 3:18-4:1弗5:21-6:9;歌罗西书3:18-4:1),and on submission还有圣经强调顺服的 (Rom 13:1;罗13:1;1Pet2:13-22;彼前2:13-22;1Pet5:5;彼前5; Heb 13:17;希13:17;Jas 4:7雅各书4:7).
Because the Bible is God’s word,several unique principles of interpretation are required. 因为圣经是上帝的话,就必须要有几个独特的解释原则。
(1) 第一个原则The Bible must be interpreted under the guidance of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 2:14). 圣经必须要在圣灵的指导之下来解释(林前2:14)。
(2) 第二个原则The Bible is a unity,圣经是一个整体,ultimately authored by the Holy Spirit;圣经的至高的作者是圣灵;the unifying principle is Jesus Christ 把整本圣经统一起来的原则是耶稣基督(Luk路 24:27;1 Cor林前 1:20;1 Pet彼前 1:10-12). The third is a corollary of the second. 第三个原则是从第二个原则很自然产生的。
(3) Scripture does not contradict Scripture;圣经不可能与圣经矛盾的; Scripture interprets Scripture. 圣经解释圣经。The third principle is crucial in understanding what the Bible says about women这个第三个原则,对于明白圣经讲到妇女是讲什么的是非常关键性的。because the Bible has been accused of contradicting itself on the position of women. 因为有人控告圣经,当它讲到妇女的地位的时候是自相矛盾的。In particular,特别是,the Old Testament is pitted against the New,旧约他们认为是与新约矛盾的,Paul against Jesus,保罗与耶稣是矛盾的,and the rabbi Saul against the Christian Paul.保罗信主之前那个扫罗这个拉比,跟信主之后的保罗之间又是矛盾的。If the author of Scripture is the Holy Spirit,假如圣灵是圣经的作者,contradictions cannot exist;矛盾是不可能存在的; any appearance of contradiction results from the reader’s lack of understanding.任何有表面上的矛盾的原因是读者缺乏理解。
(4) 第四个解经原则The clearer passages interpret the less clear.比较明显的经文解释没有那么明显的经文。Some of the differences concerning women’s roles are derived from differences in how this principle is applied,为什么对妇女的角色有不同的看法呢,可能就是因为怎么用这个原则,就是明显的经文解释不明显的,用这个原则的时候有不同的用法。differences relating to which passages are considered clearer.究竟哪几段经文算是比较明显的,那有不同的看法。
Two seemingly opposite pictures of women emerge from the Scriptures. 从圣经呈现出两个好像是相反的描绘,就是对妇女的描述,圣经好像有两种不同的描述,是相反的。
On the one hand,从一方面来看women are told to submit themselves to their husbands and to male leadership in the church. 圣经吩咐女人顺服自己的丈夫,也顺服教会里面男性的领导。
On the other hand,从另外一个角度来看,women played an active part in the church. 妇女在教会扮演很积极的角色。
Women are in the image of God,妇女是按照上帝的形象被造的,joint heirs of the kingdom,是与男性同为承受天国的后嗣,and there is no male and female in Christ.还有在基督里不分男女的。(我先说一说这个是加拉太书三章28节Galatians 3:28) On the basis of this last assertion,根据最后这句话的宣称,some conclude that there should be complete role interchangeability between men and women. 有些人做出这个结论,他们认为男女要扮演什么角色呢?是完全可以交替的。This latter view is currently in ascendancy. 目前这个观点是越来越普遍的。
这本书是出版于1989年英文的书this English book was originally published in 1989,and let me just say that Susan Foh also wrote another book,wrote a book herself called Women and Word of God – a response to biblical feminism 我们的作者Foh师母老早就写的自己写了一本书叫做《妇女与上帝的话》,对所谓圣经的女权主义的回应,and that was published in 1979,1979就已经出版了。就是说1970年代以来,这种的观点是越来越越流行的。So since 1970s,this view of complete role in the changeability has been getting more popular – so popular in fact that InterVarsity (Press) published another book on Woman’s Role in a Church and two more traditional roles are no longer mentioned – this is the book of four views.流行到一个地步,比较保守的两个观点在最近出版一本讲到的妇女角色的书,两个比较传统的角色已经不再提到了。
let’s continue我们继续。
Apparently,human nature tends to make things uniform,大概是因为人类的本性,想要把事情都弄到完全统一,to smooth out the wrinkles in the biblical material 要把圣经里面好像有一些的皱纹把它烫平to make it fit neatly in the boxes of the human mind. 好叫圣经的资料在人类的思考的这个箱子里面弄得很整齐。To create a logical,uniform system,若要创造一个逻辑的很统一的一个系统的话,both sides- the subordinationist and the egalitarian-must ignore or explain away the other.两边不论是顺服那边,还是平等那边,都要忽略另外一边,或者把另外一边解释掉。
In addition,不但如此,both sides make an illogical and unbiblical assumption:两边都做一个做一个假设,是不逻辑的也是不合乎圣经的:that subordination (which merely means ordering under) necessarily implies inferiority.第一个错误的假设就是,服从就是要在命令之下,必定就意味着它是次等的。The classic example that disproves this notion一个经典的例子是证明这个假设是错的 is that of God the Father and God the Son. 就是父神与圣子的例子。God the Father and God the Son are both God父神与圣子都是神(Jn约 1:1;14:9;Col歌 1:15-28;Heb来 1:3). Nonetheless,Jesus says,但是耶稣这样说”The Father is greater than I”父比我大 (Jn约 14:28),and he submits himself to his Father 耶稣自己顺服他的父(约5:30;see also 林前 11:3),even in the eternal state 就算在永恒的状态也是顺服的(1 Cor林前 15:27-28).
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