妇女在教会的角色与男性领导的观点 01_下（中英文）
主讲：林慈信牧师_校对：刘加立弟兄_英文：Cherry姐妹_文字：Annie姐妹
Section two of the article第二段The Basics 基本的原则
The foundational principles for understanding women’s roles are found in the first three chapters of Genesis. 我们可以在创世记第一、第二、第三章找到明白妇女角色的基础性的原则。In Genesis 1 and 2，创世记第一章和第二章里面，there are two accounts of the creation of man and woman.这里有两次记载上帝创造男人跟女人。
Chapter 1第一章 (“So God created man in his own image，in the image of God he created him；male and female he created them，” v. 27 NIV)因此上帝按照他的形象创造人，按照他的形象造男造女 is acclaimed by those who favor the absolute equality of the sexes，那些认为男女两性完全绝对是平等的，他们喜欢称赞第一章，whereas the teaching of the woman’s inferiority is often attributed to chapter 2. 而认为妇女是次等的，低等的，一般他们认为创世记第二章有这样的教导。Neither extreme is true；这两个都是极端，都不对；the two creation narratives complement each other to give the complete picture. 两个对创造的记载是相辅相成的，组成一个完整的一幅图画。
On the sixth day，God created humanity in two sexes in his image.在第六天上帝按着祂的形象造了人类的两性。There is nothing in the text to suggest any difference between them. 经文毫无迹象意味着两次的记载有什么不同。Both man and woman are equally in the image of God.男女都是按照神的形象的。Both are blessed by God，上帝赐福给男、赐福给女，told to multiply and subdue the earth，上帝吩咐男、吩咐女生养众多，治理全地，and given stewardship over creation. 上帝给男给女做宇宙的好管家的职分。
This joint custody over the rest of creation上帝让男女一起来管理所有其他的受造物 has implications for women’s roles in society or culture；意味着妇女在社会或者文化要扮演什么角色，是有所含义的；their place in the work arena is no different from men’s. 妇女在工作场所的地位与男的是没有分别的。Men and women have the same relationship to God (in his image) and to nature (to fill and exercise dominion over). 男和女是上帝的形象，他们与上帝的关系是一样的，他们与自然界的关系，就是生养众多，治理全地，也是一样的。This principle can be termed ontological equality or equality in being. 我们可以称这个原则叫做本体论的平等，或者在本质上的平等。
In Genesis 2，在创世记第二章，we learn more about the relationship between man and woman. 我们在男人跟女人之间的关系又学到更多的经训。Because it was not good for the man to be alone (an indication of man’s dependence on or need for woman，1 Cor 11：11- 12)，因为男人独居不好，（这个就指出男性是靠，或者需要女人的，哥林多前书十一章11到12节） God created a helper fit for the man，the woman. 上帝就造了一个适合给男人的配偶，一个助手，就是女人。
The words helper fit for or corresponding to英文是helper fit for适合的助手，or corresponding to 配偶，underline the likeness of the woman to man.这里就强调着女人与男人的相似性likeness。
Rather than a separate creation from the dust，上帝不是从尘土分开的另外再造女人，the woman was created，from the rib of the man. 上帝是用男人的肋骨做女人的。Why is the woman created in this surprising way?上帝为什么用这个令人惊讶的方法造女人呢？五个原因5 reasons
(1)第一个原因 lt signifies her correspondence to the man. 这个就象征着女人与男人的相配，correspondents，相呼应。She is bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh；她是男人的骨中之骨，肉中之肉；there is no superiority or ，inferiority in substance. 在本质上没有谁是高等的，谁是低等的，没有的。
(2) 第二个原因God’s creation of humanity is one act that begins with the man and ends with the woman. 上帝创造人类是一个动作，从创造男人开始，以创造女人结束。
(3) 第三个原因All of humanity comes from one source，Adam. 全部的人类来自一个源头，亚当。As the source of humanity，亚当身为全人类的源头，Adam is the head and consequently the representative of all. 亚当是所有的人的头，因此是所有人的代表。As 1 Corinthians 15：22 says，”in Adam all die.” 正如哥林多前书15章22节说，“在亚当里众人都死了”。
(4) 第四个理由The woman’s creation from the man女人是从男人而造 establishes the basis for the one-flesh principle in marriage.就建立了在婚姻是一个肉体的原则的基础。lt is the real，biological and historical foundation for the oneness that should exist between husband and wife (Gen 2：24). 夫妻之间的合一（创世记第二章24节）有这个真正的基础，生理上的基础，历史上的基础。Reasons (3) and (4) pave the way for the principle of inequality between the man and woman. 所以第三个原则就是亚当是全人类的源头跟第四个原则女人是从男人而造，就是为男跟女人之间的不同等，不平等铺路的。再来一次，那么第三跟第四个原因就是亚当是全人类的源头，跟第四个原则就是女人是从男人被造，就为男跟女人的不平等这个原则铺路的。
(5) 第五个原因，为什么上帝这样造女人？Though the way the woman was created does not indicate inferiority，it does indicate a difference in function. 虽然上帝如何创造女人没有指出她是低等的，但是他的确指出在功能上有所不同。The woman was created to help her husband；上帝造女人是要她帮助她的丈夫；her function is dependent on him. 她的角色是靠着丈夫的。As she followed him in creation，she is to follow his lead as her husband. 正如她女人的被造是跟着丈夫的被造，她就是要跟着她的丈夫的领导。
How do we know that the man’s temporal priority signifies the husband’s headship? 我们怎么知道男人先被造，就指出丈夫是做头的呢？Though the answer has obviously failed to convince many，这个答案事实上，很明显没有说服很多人。虽然是如此，it is：但是这个答案就是(l Cor 林前11：8-9；see also也参考 l Tim 提前2：13) “For man was not made from woman，but woman from man. 因为男人不是从女人被造的，女人是从男人被造的。Neither was man created for woman，but woman for man” 还有男人不是为女人而造的，女人是为男人而造。
我再重复一次，how do we know that men’s temporal priority signifies the husband’s headship 这里要讲的是，男人先被造为什么就指出丈夫做头呢？就是这个原因，圣经这样说了precisely because the Bible says so。
未经同意，请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿；课程的逐字稿的版权归「中华展望」，禁止复印出版等商业用途。
中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院[email protected]（PayPal）
God，through Paul，explains what we otherwise might have missed. 上帝透过保罗解释一件事是我们可能会错过的。lt is likely that the Hebrew mind would have understood the connection between Adam’s being the source of the woman and his position as head.很有可能的是希伯来人犹太人的思想会明白亚当作为女人的来源和亚当做头的位置之间的关联，可能犹太人会明白这一点。
But there is another clue that Adam is to be regarded as having authority over the woman. 但是还有另外一条的线索，要我们看亚当是对女人有权威的。Adam named her. 亚当为女人命名。When Adam named the animals，当亚当为动物命名的时候，it is dear that he was exercising his God-given rule over them. 很明显的，亚当是在执行上帝给他统治动物的权柄。
To name someone is associated with authority over that person. 为一个人取名字是与在这个人身上有权柄是有关联的。Even the name that Adam gives the woman indicates their relationship：连亚当给女人的名字本身就指出他们两个人之间的关系：’ishshah (woman) because she was taken out of ‘ish (man). 女人因为女人ish-shaw’是从男人取出来的，男人‘ish女人是ish-shaw’。
The name stresses their similarity and their difference in function.这个名字强调了他们是类似的，相似的，但是功能上是不同的。James Hurley paraphrases Genesis 2：23，詹姆士·赫尔利（James B.Hurley又是另外一位我的同学，他写了比较厚一本的书，也是讲男跟女按照圣经的观点的，他这样子意译创世记二章23节）”She is indeed my own kind，from my own body.是的她是我同类的，是从我的身体而出的。She is，however，derivative 可是她是从我衍生出来的and it is my privilege to assign her a name. 我很荣幸可以取她的名字。Let her be called by the name I give，’woman；’让她用我所取的名字被称呼，woman女人，because she was taken out of me.” 因为她是从我所取出来的。”
Is God’s arrangement fair?上帝这样安排公道吗？ Our objections，whether philosophical or emotional，to this hierarchical system arise because we do not know what a sinless hierarchy is like. 我们不论在哲学上或者情感上反对这种的有阶层的制度，为什么会出现呢？因为我们不知道一个没有罪的阶层制度是怎么样的。We know only the tyranny，willfulness and condescension that even the best boss-underling relationship has.我们只知道甚至是最好的老板跟员工之间的关系里面的暴政，固执和低看。In Eden，none of these perversions existed. 在伊甸园不存在着任何这种的扭曲。
The man and woman knew each other as equals，each’ in God’s image and each with a personal relationship with God.在伊甸园里面，男人跟女人彼此认识对方是平等的，每一方都是上帝的形象，每一方与上帝都有一个个人的关系。Neither doubted the value of the other or of himself or herself. 双方都没有怀疑自己是有价值的，对方是有价值的。Each was to do the same work，每一方从事同样的工作，with husband as head and wife as helper. 丈夫做头，妻子是帮助的。They functioned as one flesh，他们是以一个肉体而运作的，one body without discord. 一个身体，没有任何的不和谐。Does the rib rebel against the head 肋骨会向头反叛吗?or the head mistreat the rib? 头会虐待肋骨吗？
There are three principles in operation before the Fall. 堕落之前有三个原则在运行。
(l)第一个原则 Man and woman are equal in being男人跟女人在本质上是平等的 (创Gen 1：27).
(2) 第二个原则The woman is functionally subordinate to her husband. 女人在角色上是从属于她的丈夫的。He was created first to set up his headship；上帝先造他，设立他做头的地位；the woman was created after，from and for the sake of the man to help him 女人是从男人而造，女人是为男人而造，都是要帮助他，(创Gen 2：21-23；林前l Cor 11：8-9).
(3) 第三个原则Husband and wife are one flesh丈夫和妻子成为一体 (创Gen 2：24). Because of the third principle，因为有这第三个原则，the other two can operate harmoniously. 第一个第二个原则可以很和谐的运作。The inter-relatedness of man and woman should prevent both from abusing their positions. 男跟女之间的相互的有关性，要就应该拦阻他们滥用他们自己的地位的。
In the Fall，当人类堕落的时候，these three principles are also involved. 堕落也牵涉到这三个原则.Much speculation，usually with a chauvinistic slant，has revolved around the woman’s sin.很多人乱猜，一般都是大男人主义的偏见，对女人犯什么罪有乱乱的猜测。The serpent picked the weaker person；蛇选了比较软弱的人来试探；the woman usurped her husband’s place by leading him into sin；女人抢了她的丈夫的地位带领他犯罪；the woman enticed or seduced Adam into sin. 是女人诱惑甚至乎用色情来诱惑亚当犯罪了。However，the text does not support any of these notions. 可是经文一点都不支持这一些的概念。The serpent’s subtlety consists in his method of argumentation，his persuasive half-truths. 蛇为什么这么微妙呢？是因为它用什么论点作为它的方法，就是很能够说服人的那种半真半假的说法。The woman’s sin is directed primarily against God.女人主要是犯罪得罪了上帝。
She knew God’s command；她知道上帝吩咐什么；yet she dared discuss whether or not to obey it with a fellow creature. 但是她胆敢与一个同样是被造的被造物来讨论要不要遵行上帝的命令。In the end，最后，she believed the serpent rather than God. 她相信蛇而不相信上帝。The woman sinned against her husband by helping him (what she was supposed to do) in the wrong way，into sin女人犯罪得罪了她的丈夫，帮助他，帮助他是应该的，但是帮助他朝向错误的方向帮助他犯罪去 (“She also gave some to her husband，and he ate”-Gen 3：6她也把这个果子给她的丈夫，他也吃了，创世记3：6。). Adam is judged 上帝审判亚当not because he heeded his wife’s advice per se，本质上不是因为他听了他的太太的劝告but because he followed her bad advice to disobey God因为他听了跟从了太太的不顺服上帝这个的不好的劝告 (创Gen 3：17) .
Their oneness and parity are shown in the results of sin：犯罪的结果就止住他们的合一和同一的地位： “Then the eyes of both were opened，and they knew that they were naked” 他们的眼睛就开了，他们就知道他们是赤裸的(创Gen 3：7 RSV). lt is as if they sinned simultaneously，好像他们同一刻犯罪一样，as if Adam’s sin were a reflex action of the woman’s (they were perfectly one flesh). 好像亚当犯罪只不过是女的一个的反应而已，他们完完全全是一体的。Both made aprons for themselves 他们两个都为自己做裙子and hid from God in the garden. 两个都在园里躲起来逃避上帝。They were one in their sin，reactions and guilt. 他们两个人的犯罪，两个人的反映，两个人的负罪感都是一体的。
In Genesis 3：9 God addresses the man first上帝先向男人讲话 because he is the appointed head.因为上帝指他是做头的。Nevertheless，虽然是如此，the woman is also questioned；上帝也质疑女人的，；she is responsible for her own actions. 她，女人要为自己所做的负责的。God insists on an explanation from her as well as the man. 上帝坚持女人要为自己解释，也要男人为自己解释的。On the other hand，反过来说，the smooth-tongued serpent is not allowed to speak. 那个舌头很滑的蛇根本不许它讲话。The man and the woman are alike in their explanations；男人跟女人所做的解释是同类的；both shift the blame rather than admit their guilt. 两个都是推卸责任而不承认自己的罪孽。
After the Fall堕落之后，the harmonious working of these three principles is destroyed.这三个原则和谐的运作就破坏了。In God’s judgment against the woman，当上帝审判女人的时候，he tells how the corruptions of these principles will develop，他就告诉人这三个原则是怎么样会发展下去是败坏了，though the usual translation obscures this point.但是一般圣经的翻译，把这一点遮盖起来。
我们下一讲会继续来讲，yet your desire shall be for your husband然而你要恋慕你的丈夫。
Now Susan Foh happens to be an expert outstanding Hebrew student，我们的作者Susan Foh是希伯来文的高材生。In fact it was she who discovered what this world ‘desire’ means in Genesis 3 and 4。事实上Susan Foh是发现“恋慕”这个字是什么意思，是由她来发现的。We’ll get to that point in our next session我们下一讲来看“恋慕”这个字是什么意思。Definitely has nothing to do with the romance or sex根本跟浪漫跟性爱是没有关系的，因为it does not fit the context因为不符合上下文。
提示：逐字稿文字只限于个人和教会私下学习交流，目的是造就教会和教会负责带领、讲道的同工们；未经同意，请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿；课程的逐字稿和图片的版权归「中华展望」，禁止复印出版等商业用途。当文字和录音不符时，以录音为准。愿上帝赐福文字编辑和校对的肢体来雅正！若是有修改的地方、奉献支持或是其他任何问题请使用以下邮件方式联系我们。中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院 [email protected]（PayPal）