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妇女在教会中的角色与男性领导的观点02上

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_文字:Cherry姐妹

I’m going to repeat the last few sentences from the last session:After the fall the harmonious working of these three principles is destroyed 人类堕落之后,这三个原则和谐的运作就破坏了。

In God’s judgment against the woman 在上帝对女人的审判的里面 he tells how the corruptions of these three principles would develop,though the usual translation obscures this point. 虽然一般的圣经翻译本没有把它翻译出来,但是上帝告诉女人这3个原则的破坏在人类中会怎么样发挥出来 。

The RSV translation 1950年代的RSV是这样翻译的:yet your desire shall be for your husband and he shall rule over you然而你的欲望是欲望你的丈夫,而他要统治你。Suggests that这个翻译有一点意味着 somehow through the woman’s desire for her husband he will be able to rule her这意味着透过某一种的方法,借着女人对她的丈夫的情感,丈夫就能够治理或者统治她。

However我们的作者 他的批判是however,the rule of the husband is in fact not made easier after the fall人类堕落之后,丈夫的统治事实上没有更加的容易,common experience suggests few husbands rule at homes我们的常识跟经验告诉我们,很少的丈夫真正在家庭里面是做主管理的,in addition不单如此,many wives have no desire for their husbands 很多的妻子对丈夫是没有感觉的,sexual,psychological or otherwise 不论是性爱的、心理的或者其他的情感。

For a better understanding of Genesis 3:16  compare it to Genesis 4:7,若要更好的明白创世记3:16,要和创世记4:7比较,both verses has the word ‘desire’,两节都有“恋慕”这个字,the Hebrew of these two verses is the same 希伯来文在这两节用的是同一个字,except for changes in pronouns,nouns and gender除了代词 名词跟性别不一样。

the RSV translates the last part of Genesis 4:7 in an entirely different way. RSV把创世记4:7的后半完全用另外方法翻译,sins desire is for you,Cain,but you must master it罪的情欲是为了你该隐,但是你必须要克服它。sins desire for Cain was to control or to possess. 罪在该隐的身上的情欲或者愿望,是要控制他、要拥有他。Cain had to struggle,该隐必须要挣扎 either sin or Cain would be the conqueror 要就是罪做胜利的统治者,或者Cain会胜利的征服罪。God’s words you must master it tell Cain what he should do,but they do not determine the Victor上帝说该隐说:你必须要征服它或者克服它,上帝告诉该隐他必须要做什么,但是上帝的话并没有决定谁会打赢这场的征战。

In addition to identical construction 除了句子的构造,3:16跟4:7是完全一样以外,the proximity of the two passages这两段经文这么的靠近,indicates that they would have the same meaning 就指出两段经文这个字应该有同样的意思。As in Genesis 4:7,the latter part of Genesis 3:16 describes a struggle between the one with the desire,the woman,and the one who must rule or master,the husband .创世记3:16节下所描述的是一种的挣扎,一方面是有恋慕那一方,就是女人,另外一方是要统治、要克服的那一方,就是丈夫。

下面是结论 here’s the conclusionthe battle of the sexes is the result of sin and the judgment on sin for the woman 两性之争是罪的后果,也是罪为女人所带来的审判。I read in English one more time:The battle of the sexes is the result of sin and the judgment on it on sin for the woman. The woman’s willingness submission is replaced by a desire to control her husband. 女人甘心情愿的顺服丈夫,这个已经被取代了;取而代之的是她的意愿就是要控制她的丈夫。Consequently结果是,to maintain his headship,the husband must fight for it. 丈夫若要维持他做头,就必须为此而征战。Sin has ruined the marital dance罪破坏了好像舞蹈一样的婚姻。

The easy loving head of the husband 丈夫很容易地用爱来领导做头 and the natural following of the wife 妻子很自然地跟随,in its place 换来的是our struggle tyranny domination manipulation and subterfuge换来的是挣扎、暴政、domination主管、玩弄和潜伏的反叛。This understanding of Genesis three sixteen is corroborated by experience 我们人的经验是成为更多的证据证明应该这样了解创世记3:16节。It is if it is translated and he shall rule over you (RSV),the words are not true. 假如把3:16节翻译为:“然后他要统治你”这几个字并不是事实的,not every husband rules his wife. 不是每一个丈夫都管理、统治他的太太。

Instead marriages are filled with strife and discontent.反之,一般来说婚姻是充满着挣扎、不满。The loss of the wife’s willing submission 妻子已经失去那个甘心情愿的顺服,and the husband’s loving rule.丈夫用爱来统治,也是失去了。Each have two opposite operations 这两件事都有两个相反的不正常的情况,wives manipulate妻子会操纵,and sometimes dominate their husbands 有的时候会凌驾在她丈夫之上;and some wives losing all sense of their worth live only through their husbands or children,而有一些的妻子已经失去自己的价值的认识,她觉得自己没有价值,透过丈夫而活、透过儿女而活。

Some husbands反过来说,有些的丈夫 abdicating their position在他们的地位上完全弃权了,absent themselves from the home through work,sports,or alcohol.就自己常常不在家,透过工作、看球、或者酗酒。And some husbands physically or emotionally abuse their wives有些的丈夫不论是从身体上或者情感上虐待他们的妻子们。With this understanding of Genesis three sixteen in view 用这个观点来了解创世记 3:16节的话,Paul in Ephesians 5:22-33 focuses on the areas where wives and husbands tend to sin. 保罗在以弗所书5:22-33节特别注重在哪些的范围里面,妻子跟丈夫会最容易犯罪,as a result of sin,wives no longer naturally submit themselves to their husbands 因为罪的原因,妻子已经不是很自然的顺服自己的丈夫了,so Paul says wife submit yourself to your husbands as to the Lord(Eph.5:22 NIV) 所以保罗说:妻子你们要亲自顺服你们的丈夫,好像顺服主(弗5:22)。

In their struggle to rule,husbands tend to resort to any means at their disposal 而当丈夫要挣扎来统治的时候,他们可能用手上任何的手段,so Paul forestalls these blows,所以保罗就拦阻这种的错误的统治,with husbands love your wives as Christ loved the church and gave himself for her(Eph. 4:25) 保罗用这个来取代,说,丈夫们要爱你们的妻子们,正如基督爱教会,为教会舍己(以弗所书5:25)。

These three principles这三个原则 ontological equality第一、本体上的平等。Functional subordination of woman to her husband 在功能上女人顺服她的丈夫,从属于她的丈夫,and oneness第三、合为一,account for the seemingly contradictory strands of material in the Bible 就解释为什么圣经里的资料好像包含一些彼此冲突的几条线。

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Next section,section 3: Illustrations from the Old and New Testaments第三段:新旧约圣经里的例子

我先预告let me tell you ahead of time,section 4第四段:I Timothy 2:15 第四段是提前2:8-15节,section 5 is I Corinthians 14:34-35,第5段是哥林多前书第14章34-35节,section 6 is I Corinthians 11:2-16,第6段是哥林多前书第11章2-16节,section 7 Galatians 3:28,第7段是加拉太书3章28节,the next section is the next step然后还有下一步怎么做。

再来:the objections就是反对的原因 and then what may women do in the church 那么妇女究竟在教会可以做什么。

section 3: Illustrations from the Old and New Testaments

第三段:新旧约圣经里的例子

Recognition of the progressive nature of God’s revelation adds to our understanding of the position of women in the Bible. 我们若要更多了解圣经里面妇女的地位,我们要承认上帝的启示是有它的渐进的、一步一步前进的本质的。The Old Testament breaks with the surrounding cultures 旧约圣经与周围的文化是决裂的、分隔的 in which women were considered property在那些的文化,他们认为女人是财产一样,and treats women as persons of worth 旧约对待女人是有价值的。According to the Old Testament,the woman was co-ruler with the man over creation 根据旧约圣经,女人与男人是同为统治宇宙者,co-ruler, in marriage,the man was to leave his home and cleave to his wife,hers was a position of importance. 在婚姻里,男人要离开自己的家与妻子联合,所以女人的地位是一个重要的地位 。

God made his covenant with women as well as men上帝与女人立约,正如与男人立约一样(Deuteronomy29:1-11,申命记29章1-11节)。women were required to hear God’s word read out loud 上帝要求女人听上帝的话被诵读 (Deuteronomy31:12,申命记第31章第12节,Nehemiah 8:2,尼希米记8:2节 )。Women ministered at the tabernacle door,女人在会幕的门前侍候(Exodus 38:8出埃及记38:8,I Samuel 2:22,撒母耳记上2:22)

they offered their own sacrifice 女人献她们自己献的祭 (Leviticus Chapter 1,Leviticus Chapter 15利未记第一章,利未记十五章,1 Samuel 2:19撒母耳记上2:19)and prayed directly to God女人直接向上帝祷告 (Genesis 16:7-13 创16:7-13节,1 Samuel 1:9-18)and God spoke directly to them 而上帝也直接向女人讲话(Genesis25:22-23,士师记13:3-5)women could become Nazirites devoted to God (Numbers 6)女人可以做拿细耳人,专心服侍神(民数记第六章),prophecies可以做女先知,Miriam (Exodus15:20-21)。

譬如说米利暗(出埃及记15:20-21),Huldah 户勒大(II Kings 22:14) 还有在列王纪下22章14节的女先知。Women could become wise women女的可以做智慧的女人、智者(1 Samuel 25:3,撒母耳记上25:3,II Samuel 14:2 撒母耳记下14:2,II Samuel 20:16:22撒母耳记下20章16-22节),and women could become judges女人也可以做士师,Debra 譬如说底波拉,also a prophetess and wife (Judges4:4)底波拉不单是士师,也是女先知,也是一个妻子(士师记4:4)。Wives could not be sold不可以贩卖女人,even if captured in war 就算是在打仗的时候被掳也不可以卖掉(Deuteronomy 21:14 申命记21:14节)。

The fact that such a prohibition existed 有这个禁令存在 这个事实 points to the degradation of women in the surrounding cultures 就指出在旁边的文化是多么的藐视女人的。As a parent,the woman was on equal ground with the man,作为一个母亲,女人与做父亲的是平等的,honor is commanded for both parents 要孝敬父亲和母亲,是上帝的命令 (Exodus20:12出埃及记20:12节,Leviticus 19:3利未记19:3节 )。

In Proverbs,the references to fathers and mothers are parallel箴言所指出的 关于父亲母亲的经文是平行的 (Proverbs 6:20,箴言6:20,10:1,15:20,17:25,19:26,20:20,23:22,25;)The mother’s instruction is as important as the father’s (Proverbs1:8)母亲的教训和父亲的教训是同样的重要的(箴言1:8节),Proverbs 31:10-31而箴言第31:10-31节 emphasizes the value of the woman要强调的是 女人的价值是多么的高,she is more precious than jewels她比珠宝更宝贵,the wide variety of this capable woman’s activities proves这个能干的女人,她的活动是那么大的范围就证明着 the Hebrew woman was not just a housekeeper or child bearer 以色列的女人不单单是料理家务,或者生孩子的一个人,even though the woman in the image of God occupied a place of esteem,her position was not equal in every respect to the man虽然女人作为上帝的形象,占有一个被尊敬的地位,可是她的地位不是在每一件事情上与男人的是平等的,some legislation was designed to demonstrate the husband’s headship concretely or visible旧约的律法有一些是特意要指,出具体的、能见的指出丈夫做头。

For instance譬如说,the husband could annul his wife’s vow 丈夫可以把妻子所发的誓作废,and the father his daughters 父亲也可以把女儿所起的誓作废,but there were limits 但是有限制,he had to do so within the day that he heard about it (Number 30 ) 男的必须要一听到女人发誓那一天使之作废(民数记30章)。This law had a practical reason 这条法律有一个很实际上的原因 the wife’s vow could affect her husband if she promised money or goods or abstinence from conjugal rights 这个女人发誓可能会影响到她的丈夫的,假如她允许给钱、给东西给别人,或者不与丈夫同房等等。

On the other hand 反过来说,widows were free to make their own vows 寡妇可以自己为自己起誓、发誓,the principle of submission involves only wives to husbands and daughters to fathers 顺服的原则只牵涉到女人做妻子的顺服丈夫和女儿顺服父亲。In another significant area,the woman occupied a subordinate position 还有的另外一个很重要方面,女人的地位是从属于男人的,the woman could not be a priest女人不能做祭司,in contrast to the surrounding culture也是与周围的文化相对照的。Part of the reason for this restriction 有这方面的禁止或者限制其中一个原因is that the priest typified Christ our eternal high priest因为祭司是基督–我们永恒大祭司的预表,type。The New Testament provides the principle behind the Old Testament practice旧约这种的做法背后有新约所提供的原则 。

The woman is to be subordinate in the church 女人在教会里是从属的,是顺服的。The Old Testament ideal for male female relationships deteriorated during intertestamental times 在旧约和新约之间的时期,旧约圣经的男女关系的理想的情况就衰落了。

Women were considered in the same category as slaves and gentiles 女人是好像奴隶和外邦人这样来对待。A Rabbi would not speak with a woman in public 一个拉比不会在公开场合与女人讲话,and it was thought better to burn the Torah than to give it to a woman 宁愿把律法书烧掉,也不要给一个女人。In such a world 在这种的新旧约之间的时期的世界里,Jesus’ treatment of women was shocking 耶稣怎么对待女人,是令人震撼的。

In his encounter with a Samaritan woman John four在约翰福音第四章耶稣怎么样与撒玛利亚的妇人相遇、对话both she and his disciples were amazed that he would talk with a woman(V9-27),女人本身和耶稣的门徒们都很惊讶,他怎么会跟一个女人讲话(约翰四章第9节和第27节)。Yet Jesus taught women important spiritual truths. 但是耶稣向女人们教导一些重要的属灵的真理(John 4:7-26,约翰福音4:7-26节,John 11:25,约翰11章25节向马大、马利亚,to Martha Mary;John20:17,约翰福音20:17 ),and he healed them 耶稣也医好一些女人的疾病(Matthew 15:21-28,马太福音15:21-28节,Mark5:25-34,马可福音5:25-34节)。

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