妇女在教会的角色与男性领导的观点 03
Our next section page 80 in English I Timothy 2:8-15
我们下一段是提摩太前书2:8-15节
主讲：林慈信牧师_校对：刘加立弟兄_文字：Cherry姐妹
In 1 Timothy，Paul is instructing the man he left in charge of the church at Ephesus on how one should behave in the household of God 提摩太前书，保罗在那里教导他留在以弗所的人该如何在神的家里面行事，保罗把提摩太留在以弗所要管理以弗所的教会(1Tim提前3:14-15). After urging prayer for all men，especially government leaders，保罗劝告提摩太要为众人，特别是为政府的领袖们祷告之后Paul says他说，”I want” 他说“我要”我愿意。
the men to pray in a certain way and the women to dress in a certain way.他愿意男人用某一种的方式祷告，女人用某种方式衣着。”I want我愿意” on the pen of one who was appointed preacher，apostle and teacher 在一个上帝指派做讲道者、使徒和教师的人的笔下写下来的“我愿意”(提前2:7；see also Tit 多3:8) has the force of a command，not merely a wish or desire. 这种的保罗写I want就有命令的意思，不仅仅是一个情感或者是意愿而已 。
Paul’s concern for both men and women does not focus on the external aspects使徒保罗对男人跟女人所关注的并不是集中在外表的层面 but the condition of the heart 乃是心理的状态that causes the outward signs. 所以 心理的状态导致外表的表征的。For men . the primary duty is not to raise their hands when praying but to pray with a pure heart and without anger or quarreling. 对男人来说，他们主要的责任不是祷告时要举起手来，乃是要用个清洁的心来祷告，没有怒气，没有争辩。Raising hands is an appropriate posture expressing this attitude 把手举起来是很恰当的一个的手势表达这个的态度and should not be dismissed as inconsequential or purely cultural.我们不要把它随便的排除，说这个不重要，或者只不过是属于文化。
Likewise，for the women，同样的，对妇女来说，the point is that Christian women should adorn themselves with the fruit of the Spirit，保罗的重点是，基督徒妇女应该用圣灵的果子作为她们的装饰 ，the virtues of reverence and sound judgment，就是敬畏的心，还有纯正智慧的判断，and also good deeds. 加上好行为。（Let me stop here for a minute，there is a new reformed book that I brought the second half here and is called Modesty ，Modesty does not change the clothe，讲妇女的廉洁，不管是穿衣服，书名是这样标题的。）
Paul does not forbid the use of jewelry or expensive clothing；保罗并不禁止女人用珠宝，或者是穿贵重的衣服；however，women are not to spend the bulk of their time and energy on them.可是妇女不应该把她们大部分的时间精力花在衣服上。”Strength and dignity are her clothing” (Prov 31:25 NASB). 她所穿的衣服就是她的能力和尊贵（箴言31:25）。Peter makes the same point: 彼得所讲的是同样的一个道理 ：（彼前3:3-4）”Let not yours be the outward adorning with braiding of hair，decoration of gold，and wearing of robes，but let it be the hidden person of the heart with the imperishable jewel of a gentle and quiet spirit，which in God’s sight is very precious” (1 Pet 彼前3:3-4 RSV).
When Paul writes，当保罗说，”Let a woman learn in silence [or quietness] with all submission，” 当保罗说“女人要沉静顺服地学习”的时候，he commands something the rabbis forbade: 其实保罗所命令的是犹太拉比所禁止的：teaching women God’s Word. 就是要教导妇女认识神的话。（这个是拉比不要做的，禁止人做的，是保罗吩咐要做的 。）Thus he makes an advance in women’s education for his day. 因此保罗对妇女的教育，当时是往前走了一步了。Quietness and submission are not negative qualities with reference to learning；在学习这件事情上，沉静顺服不是负面的品格；they are the way to learn 是应该这样子学习的(see Eccles 传9:17).
Though the woman should learn，虽然妇女应该学习，she is prohibited from teaching and exercising authority over men. 保罗禁止妇女教导男人，或者执行权柄管理男人。Learning in quietness is the inverse of teaching (v.11)，安静的学习是教导的相反（第11节），and submission is the inverse of exercising authority. 而顺服是执权柄管理的相反。Paul’s restriction (v. 12) is based on his divine appointment as apostle，as noted above. 保罗这方面的限制（第12节）是根据他有上帝指派做使徒的职份，我们上文已经指出过。
What is forbidden to the woman inverse 12?那究竟在第12节 保罗禁止妇女是做什么的呢?One answer is all forms of teaching and exercising authority over men，including any job with authority over men and teaching in a co-ed college. 其中一个答复就是:所有在男人以上的教导和执行权柄，包括有任何在男人之上执权柄的工作，包括在男女的大学里教书。However，the context suggests that Paul is dealing with a church worship situation.可是上下文指出，保罗这里在处理的是教会崇拜的情况。
lt is likely that the public prayer of verse 8 would occur in a worship service. 很有可能的第8节所指的公开的祷告，是在一个崇拜聚会里面的祷告 。The commands regarding women’s clothing 那么关于妇女的穿着的命令surely are not limited to church，当然是不止在教会里，but church would be of special concern. 但是教会崇拜当然就受到保罗特别的关注。
Consider how the congregation would be and is affected when women try to outdo one another in jewels and high fashion on Sunday morning. 你可以想象一下，假如妇女在珠宝上、在最高贵的时装上星期天早上是彼此竞争的话，教会会众会变成怎么样，教会的会众又会受到怎么样的影响。In 1 Timothy 3:14-15，在提摩太前书3:14-15，Paul explicitly states that his instructions are for behavior in the church.保罗明文的指出，他的教训是要告诉教会，在教会里面当如何行。
If worship is the context for these verses，那么假如这些的经文的处境是教会的崇拜，there are still two alternatives: 还是有两个不同的选择，就是妇女不可以做什么:(1)all forms of teaching and authority，所有不同种类的教导和执权柄and (2) a specific type of activity defined by teaching and exercising authority 是一种特定的活动，它的定义是教导跟执权柄(that is，the office of elder，就是长老的身份，including pastor-teacher or minister of the Word长老的身份包括做牧师教师的，或者传上帝的道的牧师). In any case，无论如何，the teaching forbidden to women does not include praying and prophesying 保罗所禁止的妇女的教导，没有包括祷告，没有包括做先知说预言(1 Cor林前 11:2-16)，private instruction of men 也没有禁止私下的教导男人(Acts徒 18:26)，teaching other women 向妇女从事教导(Tit多 2:3-4) and teaching children 还有教导儿童(2 Tim提后 1:5；3:15；Prov 箴言1:8).
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The present tense of the infinitives “to teach” and “to exercise authority”“教导、管理或者执权柄”是现代时时态不定词 suggests that the activities are habitual，something done regularly. 就意味着这里所讲的活动是习惯性的、定时会做的事。Paul regularly uses the verb teach to mean authoritative teaching 保罗常常都用教导这个动词去指权威性的教导(Col 西1 :28；1 Tim 提前4:11；6:2；2 Tim 提后2:2)-„something he does as an apostle and Timothy does as the one in charge of the Ephesian church. 这种的权威性的教导就是他身为使徒所做的，也是提摩太身为负责管理以弗所教会的人所做的。Teaching and exercising authority are the two functions of the elder，教导和制权柄是长老两方面的功能，whose qualifications follow immediately in chapter 3 而做长老的资格，马上就在第三章出现了(就是提前3: 2，5；compare 1 Tim 参考提前5: 17). Possibly Paul aims to disqualify women from the office of elder before he defines the requirements of that office.保罗有可能有这个目的先把妇女排除在做长老的资格以外，然后他来为长老这个职份的要求做出一些的定义。
The verb”to exercise authority over”appears only here in the New Testament. 这里提摩太前书二章“管理或者执权柄”在新约圣经只有在这里出现过这个动词。Connotations of dictatorship，arbitrariness and interference in an inappropriate area have been associated with it. 这个动词呢与此有关的是一些的含义就是做暴君、随意性，在一些不恰当的范围里面干预等等。
The NEB translates it:新英语圣经这样翻译：”nor must woman domineer over man.女人也不可以在男人之上做主 Domineer。” Some have therefore concluded that what is forbidden is being bossy or publicly defying husbands. 所以有些人做这个结论，就是保罗所禁止的就是女人不可以做出一种老板的姿态 ，或者是公开的反叛她们的丈夫。
However不过，Paul does not say that bossy or domineering women should not teach and exercise authority over men but that a woman should not teach or exercise authority over men. 保罗这里没有说那些很霸道的女人不可以教导男人或者执权柄管理他们，保罗说的是一个女人不可以教导或者是执权柄管理男人。George W. Knight III （Knight 是多年来，Covenant theology seminary theology professor）has researched the use of authentein in extrabiblical literature. 他在圣经以外的语言，他研究过这个动词。His conclusion is that ，Knight做这个结论，他说this verb’s meaning is neutral，without negative connotations.这个动词的意思是中性的，不一定有贬义的含义。Its most commonly suggested meaning by translators and lexicographers is “have authority over.” 这个动词最常见的意思，不论是翻译圣经的，或者编字典的，就是“have authority over在某某人之上、执权柄”。What is forbidden to women in 1 Timothy 2: 12 is所以在提摩太前书二章12节，保罗所禁止女人的是 the exercise of authority.执行权柄。
Paul gives two reasons for his prohibition:保罗为他的禁止提出两个理由：(1) Adam was created first，亚当是先被造的，and (2) 第二个理由the woman was deceived，not the man. 是女人受骗，不是男人。These two historical events cannot be altered or ignored. 这两个历史上所发生的事件是不能更改，也不可以忽略的。1 Corinthians 11 :8 歌林多前书11：8 also marks the significance of Adam’s earlier creation；也特别注重亚当是先被造的重要性；consequently，he is head of his wife 因此亚当是他的妻子的头(林前11:3)，and she is to submit herself to him 也因为这个缘故，他的太太要跟从丈夫(Eph 弗5:22-23). The woman’s relationship to the man founded at creation and Eve’s deception make it inappropriate for women to teach and exercise authority over men in the church.女人在上帝创造的时候所设立的对男人的关系，还有夏娃被骗，就让女人在教会里面教导男人跟执行权柄、管理男人就不恰当了。
The woman’s role in the Fall has sparked much unprofitable speculation. 女人在堕落时候所扮演的角色是引起很多没有帮助的猜测 。Some assume some deficiency in the woman有人假设女人本身有什么缺陷-the woman is more easily deceived，女人更容易被骗，or she is inferior in teaching gifts 女人在教导的恩赐上是比较低等的 (if so，how could she be allowed to teach children?但是如此的话，她怎么可能被准许教导孩子呢？).
Paul is not speaking of women in general 保罗这里不是一般性的在讲女人or the nature of woman 也不是在讲女性的本质but of Eve. 保罗这里所讲的是夏娃。Verse 14 simply states a fact of the past；第14节 只不过指出一个过去发生过的事实；the tense is aorist，which means a completed act. 这个时态aorist的意思就是一个已经完成的动作。Paul contrasts the way in which Adam and Eve sinned: 保罗这里对照的是夏娃跟亚当他们两个人犯罪的方式：Adam was not deceived亚当不是被骗的 (he knew what he was doing他知道他做什么的)，but the woman was completely deceived.可是 女人是完全被骗的。
This passage does not exalt all men above all women by giving man
authority in the church. 这段经文并没有把所有男人凌驾于所有女人的上面，没有给所有男人在教会里面有权柄。Authority is not given to all men，权柄不是给所有男性的，but only to the few who meet the qualifications of 1 Timothy 3:1-7. 权柄只不过是给那些达到提摩太前书3:1-7节的资格的那些的男人。Verse 15 is difficult to understand. lt does not teach salvation by works (childbearing)，第15节是很难理解的。这里是讲她的生产会得救，我们下一次从这里继续。
Let me just say that you probably find quite interesting at this Susan Foh’s position 希望你觉得Susan Foh的立场很有很有意思，because the Bible is not saying all men in the church exercise authority over all women in the church. 不是所有弟兄要所有姐妹顺服他们，不是的。So the real distinction is elders and everybody else，真正的区别是长老们和所有其他的，that means that if you’re not an elder，then men and women are equal. 所以应该是若不是长老的话，男女是完全平等的。
In other words there’s such a thing as a non elder form of teaching，praying even prophesying during the apostle’s times.所以有一种不是长老的教导，不是长老的祷告，甚至乎不是长老的先知说预言，那个是在使徒时期。
There is another alternative还有另外一个可能，and that is during public worship 在公开的崇拜场合，only men can teach and exercise authority 只有男的可以教导、可以掌权柄。So let me repeat our position所以我们这派的立场，our meaning the male headship position，by the way，let me give you a good website CBMW.ORG，counsel on Biblical manhood and womanhood CBMW ，Susan Foe certainly is a pioneer in this whole camp ，this family. These are the two alternatives: only men can teach and rule in public worship or only men can teach and rule as elders. 大概只有两个可能，只有男人可以身为长老教导或者执权柄管理，或者只有男人在公开崇拜时候可以教导、执权柄。
I confess that all these passages and these two alternatives will still leave us with a little bit of Bible problems.我承认，不论你用哪一个立场用哪段经文，还是有一点点的解禁难题的，that we may not be overcome until we get to heaven。直到我们上天堂之前可能还没有解决掉 ，and it is no embarrassment to admit that for some Bible problems the answer is “I don’t know”.我们不应该难为情说有些圣经难题我们不能解决“我们不知道”。But this is the best we can do。但现在我们尽力就做到这里 。
Susan Foh，James Hurley，John Piper，Wynn Grudem，Jay Adams，and all these church leaders subscribe to this male headship view，this is different from the traditional view.这跟传统派不一样。The traditional view says woman cannot do anything in a church，cannot lead singing，cannot pray，cannot make announcements，anyway cannot stand on the platform. This male leadership view is not the same as that traditionalist view. 我们这里讲的男性领导立场跟传统派不一样，传统派什么都不能做的，总之你不能上台前，领一首诗歌不可以、祷告不可以、做报告不可以 ，probably cannot translate the sermon either 可能也不能做翻译员。
This is not the view of the male headship view. 这个不是我们男性领导这一派的立场。I would say that my superiors in the PCA我会说我在PCA，我在长老会的上司、老板等等 we all try to maximize what women can do other than being an elder，我们大家都努力让妇女除了不可以做长老以外，妇女可以做的，我们这个范围要尽可能弄得大，without violating the biblical principle 以不违背圣经的原则。And some have probably gone a little bit too far有一些可能已经过了那个界限 。
I wonder if Timothy Keller belongs to that group。我不知道提摩太.凯勒是不是属于那组的人 。But I do agree with Timothy Keller that Phoebe is a Deacon not a deaconess.但是我与凯勒同意非比是Deacon 不是deaconess 。因为if you translate deaconess，you can say oh that’s a deacon’s wife. 你可以说是执事的太太；But the word is Deacon不折不扣的是一个执事，so there are many in the PCA today who are discussing whether women can be deacons. 今天 我的宗派在讨论妇女可不可以做执事，just by report to you给你一个报告。
Okay，let us pray to conclude我们祷告结束：感谢天父给我们今天有机会来向我们的这位姐妹这位师母来学习，她研究的成果，求主给我们智慧了解 ，thank you Lord for learning from this our sister Mrs Susan Foh special expertise in researching this Hebrew word and these Greek passages，we thank you for her. We ask that you would bless our study together and保护我们直到我们再见面 and protect us and watch over us until we meet again. We pray in Jesus name，Amen!
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