[VIII] 罪和哲学SIN AND PHILOSOPHY (21-23)
[1] 拒绝《圣经》的世界观，就是罪
REJECTION OF BIBLICAL WORLDVIEW = SIN
我们已经看到，《圣经》教导一个特定的，独一无二的世界观：创造主与被造物的区别；上帝是绝对三位格；和上帝与世界的·关系乃是祂的主权。
We have seen that the Bible teaches a distinct and unique worldview: the Creator-creature distinction, God as absolute tripersonality, and divine lordship as his relation to the world.
但很多人并不承认《圣经》的世界观。
But many fail to acknowledge the biblical worldview.
《圣经》对这个抗拒冠以名字：『罪』。
The Bible itself gives a reason for this, namely, sin.
在《罗马书》1：18-32，使徒保罗这样说：
In Romans 1:18-32, the apostle Paul says this:
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“For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.
“Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.
“For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature; and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.
“And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done. They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips, slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless. Though they know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.”
[2] 抗拒上帝主权带来的后果：三部曲
CONSEQUENCES OF REJECTING GOD’S LORDSHIP: 3 STEPS
正如我较早指出，上帝的主权应用在人类所有活动上，而『认知』（知识）是其中一种活动。
As I indicated earlier, God’s lordship applies to all human activities, and knowing is one of those.
因此，摒弃上帝的主权，导致人类生活的败坏：不仅在道德和敬拜上，也在认知上。
So abandoning God’s lordship leads to the corruption of human life in ethics and worship, but also in knowledge.
在这段经文，我们看到：上帝清楚向人类启示了自己（《罗马书》1：19-20）。
In this passage, we learn that God has revealed himself clearly to human beings (Rom. 1:19-20).
人若声称自己对上帝无知，他们不能免疫：他们的无知是自己的过错。
If people claim to be ignorant of him, they cannot claim innocence: their ignorance is their own fault.
上帝的启示是清晰的；但是他们故意压抑这启示（第18，21，23，25，28节）。
The revelation is clear; but they have willfully repressed it (vv. 18, 21, 23, 25, 28).
对这个压抑（阻挡），他们是无可推诿（没有借口）的（第20节）。
For that repression they have no excuse (v. 20).
这些人的罪，是在认知（知识）范围开始的。
The sin of these people begins, then, in the area of knowledge.
当他们压抑对上帝的知识时，就导致敬拜偶像的罪行（《罗马书》1：22-23）；然后导致淫乱的罪（第24-27节），然后导致『各种的不义』（第28-31节）。
When they repress the knowledge of God, that leads to the sin of idolatry (Rom. 1:22-23), then to sexual sins (vv. 24-27), and then to “all manner of unrighteousness” (vv. 28-31).
他们不仅自己犯罪，更赞赏其他犯同样罪的人。
They not only do wrong themselves, but also approve of others who do the same.
在这里，形而上学（抗拒上帝的主权），知识论（因上帝的启示而具体认识他），和伦理学（各种罪行）糅合在一起。
Here, metaphysics (recognition of Gd’s lordship), epistemology (knowing God from his revelation), and ethics (sins of all sorts) are intertwined.
因此罪人拒绝《圣经》的哲学（就是上文讨论的），用其他概念取代之，并不令我们惊奇。
So it is not surprising that sinners reject the tenets of biblical philosophy that we have discussed earlier and substitute other ideas for it.
[3] 罪人的幻觉世界
SINNERS’ FANTASY WORLD
罪人，在心底里不愿意活在上帝的世界里，虽然他们其实并没有选择。
Sinners at heart do not want to live in God’s world, though they have no choice about it.
他们在某一个程度上认识真理，因为他们必须彼此共处，也要谋求生计。
They recognize the truth to some extent, because they need to get along and to make a living.
但是他们盼望世界不是这样的，也常常试图改变世界的实况或假装事实不是如此。
But they would very much like the world to be different, and often they either try to make it different or pretend that it is.
在非信徒的幻觉世界里，《圣经》的上帝并不存在，人有自己根据自己的真理和是非标准生活。
In the unbelieving fantasy world, the Lord of the Bible does not exist, and man is free to live by his own standards of truth and right.
简言之，非信徒假装自己是自主的，只服从自己的律例：他是如此生活的。
In a word, the unbeliever lives as if he were autonomous, subject only to his own law.
其实没有人能真正自主，因为我们都服在上帝的掌控，权威和临在之下。
Nobody can be really autonomous, because we are all subjects to God’s control, authority, and presence.
但在一个非信徒的幻觉世界里，我们假装自己是自主的，我们的行动，都显示我们如此地假装着。
But we pretend that we are autonomous, we act as though we were autonomous, in the unbelieving fantasy world.
[4] 自主的范例：夏娃
EXAMPLE OF AUTONOMY: EVE
用范泰尔的比喻，第一个试图这样生活的人就是第一个女人，夏娃，人类的母亲。
In Van Til’s illustration, the first person who sought to live this way was the first woman, Eve, the mother of us all.
上帝吩咐她，不可吃某一棵树的果子。但是她想了一下：
God had told her not to eat of a certain fruit. But she thought about it:
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（《创世记》3：1-6）
“So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate and she also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate.” (Gen. 3:6)
在某一个层面上，她知道，应该服从上帝，拒绝撒但反面的话。
At some level, she knew that she should obey God and reject the contrary words of Satan.
但她宁愿相信自己的感觉和判断，假装自己是自主，那样作抉择。
But she preferred to trust her own senses and judgments, to make her decision as though she were autonomous.
好像上帝有他的意见，撒但有它的，夏娃在其中投决定票。
It was as though God had his opinion, Satan had his, and Eve was to cast the deciding vote.
因此，人类堕落的第一个事件是发生在夏娃的思想中；第二个事件才是透过吃和讲话。
So the fall was first an event in Eve’s mind, only second an event in her mouth and throat.
堕落首先是哲学性的，然后才是实践性的。
It was philosophical before it was practical.
《圣经》再次警告我们，上帝必须是我们思想的主，不仅是行为之主。
We are cautioned again that God must be Lord of our thought, not just of our behavior.
夏娃的判断是根据她自己的形而上学（树上果子好作食物），审美学（令眼目喜悦），和知识论（能使人智慧）；因此她就启程实现自己的伦理学：不顺从。
Eve judged by her own metaphysic (the tree was “good for food”), aesthetic (a “delight to the eyes”), and epistemology (“desired t make one wise”), and she embarked on carrying out her own ethic: disobedience.
因此，非基督教哲学的历史，就是一个宁愿自主的思想的历史。
So the history of non-Christian philosophy is a history of would-be autonomous thought.
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