Engaging with Keller: Book review–section 2
《与提摩太.凯勒交锋》这本书的书评第2讲
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_文字:Cherry姐妹
The second essay by Dr. William Schweitzer is on the doctrine of hell. 第二篇文章是由Schweitzer博士写的,讲到地狱的教义。
“Brimstone-Free” Hell: 这篇论文的题目是:没有硫磺的地狱:a new way of saying the same old thing about judgment and hell?”是否讲到审判和地狱的老旧的是一种的新的讲法呢? Dr. Schweitzer commends the importance that Dr. Keller places on the topic of hell. Schweitzer 博士称赞凯勒把他的注意力放在这个重要的地狱的题目。However,he believes that this is another example of Dr. Keller’s attempt to speak in a new way to a post modern audience:可是Schweitzer 博士认为这个只不过是另外一个例子,凯勒博士如何尝试用新的方法来向后现代的听众讲话,Schweitzer说:
Keller has two different ways of communicating the doctrine of hell,凯勒有两种传达地狱论的方法,两种不同的方法,one for “traditionalists”一种是对传统派人士,and the other for “postmoderns”. 另外是为后现代人士的。… Keller’s teaching for the traditionalists seems consistent with the traditional doctrine. 凯勒对传统派的人士的教导似乎是与传统的教义是一致的。The real questions come regarding the message for postmoderns (52).真正的问题呢,是在于对后现代人的信息。
Dr. Schweitzer lists three basic questions that need to be answered in regards to hell: Schweitzer 博士列出三个基本的问题,三个关于地狱的问题,基本的问题是需要回答的:who sends people to hell,谁把人差到地狱?who keeps people in hell,谁使人仍然留在地狱?and who metes out punishment for those in hell: 谁对那些在地狱的人执行惩罚?Who condemns people to hell? 是谁把人定罪放在地狱的呢?The Bible would seem to be clear on this matter: God does,through Christ (53). 圣经应该在这个问题上非常清楚:上帝透过基督把人定罪,放在地狱里。
In a sermon,“Isn’t the God of Christianity an Angry Judge?” Dr. Keller gives his answer to the question: 凯勒博士一篇的讲道,讲题是“基督教的上帝岂不是一位发怒的审判官吗?”他这样的回答这个问题:
Summary: 总结:hell is just a freely chosen identity based on something else besides God going on forever (55). 地狱只不过是一个自己自由选择的身份,是根据,不是上帝的另外一些的位格,就是自己的选择,不按照上帝来选择自己的身份,而且这种的身份是维持到永远的。
Dr. Schweitzer explains: Schweitzer博士这样解释:Returning to Keller’s doctrine for postmoderns,we move on to ask,我们回到凯勒的对后现代人的教义,我们现在进一步问,who sends people to hell if not God? 假如不是上帝把人差到地狱里,那是谁做的呢?The answer seems to be,no one sends anyone else to hell per se; 那个答案似乎是没有人把人放在地狱的,people send themselves to hell (54). 人把自己差到地狱的。
Who decides that the damned stay in hell? 那谁决定这些地狱里的人继续留在地狱里呢?According to Dr. Schweitzer: Schweitzer博士说:
God is the One who decides that the damned remain forever in hell,上帝乃是那一位,祂决定那些被咒诅的人永远留在地狱,and his edict is known at the very outset of condemnation (58). 在定罪一开始的时候,上帝的命令,上帝的判断是可以知道的。
What does Dr. Keller say?凯勒博士说什么呢? In Reason for God,这本Reason for God他的第一本的出名的书,he writes:他这样说:
“No one ever asks to leave hell. 从来没有人要求要离开地狱的.The very idea of heaven seems to them a sham.” (58). 整个天堂的一个概念,对他们来说是一个很烂的一个概念。
Who metes out the punishment in hell? 谁执行惩罚?就是人间到地狱的惩罚呢?Dr. Schweitzer considers various examples from Scripture to give his answer: Schweitzer博士考虑到圣经里不同的例子来作出回答:
These prototypes of judgment这些的出奇的审判的模式就是 (the flood,诺亚的洪水,Sodom and Gomorrah,索多玛和蛾摩拉,the plagues十灾) very greatly in detail,在细节上是非常不同的,but in each case it is made explicitly clear 但是在每一次,圣经都明文的清楚说that God himself metes out the punishment associated with judgment (59).上帝在审判的时候,那个惩罚是由祂来判决的。
未经同意,请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿;课程的逐字稿的版权归「中华展望」,禁止复印出版等商业用途。
ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院[email protected](PayPal)
Dr. Keller,on the other hand,但是凯勒博士“suggests in The Reason for God 在 Reason for God《相信上帝的理由》这本书,是这样建议的,that the punishment in hell is just the inevitable outworking of our own refusal to let go of sin” (62).去地狱的惩罚,只不过是我们自己拒绝放开罪的一个肯定的一个的结果。
In conclusion,结论,Dr. Schweitzer considers whether Dr. Keller’s answers to post-moderns on these three questions is fundamentally the same as the traditional answers: Schweitzer 博士就考虑到究竟凯勒博士在这三方面的问题对后现代人的答案究竟在基本上是不是和传统的答案是一样的呢?Schweitzer博士说:
Keller’s teaching for postmoderns,on the other hand,gives a rather different set of answers. 可是从另一个角度来看,凯勒最后现代人的教导给了一套不同的答案。Man sends himself to hell,人把自己差到地狱,man never asks to leave hell,人从来不会要求离开地狱,and man inflicts upon himself the punishment of hell (69). 而人自己将地狱的惩罚执行在自己的身上。
Next,接下来第三篇文章,Dr. Kevin Bidwell,Bidwell博士 church-planting minister of Sheffield Presbyterian Church,Sheffield 长老会的开拓教会的牧师,顺便一提,Sheffield 是很多旧约新约,特别是释经学的华人的神学家读博士的地方,带来很多新的理论,进到华人教会和神学院的,Sheffield 这里的长老会的开拓教会的牧者,discusses Dr. Keller’s teaching on the Trinity in his essay,在他的文章里讨论到凯勒博士的三位一体神的教义,这篇Bidwell博士的文章的题目是“Losing the Dance: is the “divine dance” a good explanation of the Trinity?”“失去了一次的舞蹈:神的舞蹈是不是一个对三一真神很好的解释呢?
There is no question as to whether Keller intends to teach the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity.毫无疑问,的凯勒的用意是要教导,正统的三位一体的教义。 He certainly has this intention. 他肯定有这个用意。The question before us is摆在我们面前的问题乃是 whether his most prominent and distinctive method of communicating the Trinity – the “divine dance” imagery – is altogether faithful to Scripture,the Nicene Creed and the orthodox Reformed tradition (77). 乃是他最显著的,也是最特别的传递三一论的方法,就是“上帝的跳舞”这个的形象–究竟是不是完全忠于圣经,忠于尼西亚信经,忠于正统的改革宗的传统?
Dr. Keller uses imagery of a “divine dance” to explain aspects of the Trinity: 凯勒博士用上帝的跳舞这个形象来解释三一真神的某一些的层面:
In the beginning,according to Keller,was the “dance of Creation”;起初,根据凯勒,起初有了这个“创造的舞蹈”; the Fall was mankind apparently “losing the dance”,堕落,就是人类好像是“失去了这个舞蹈”,the fruit of which was becoming self-centered; 所结出的果子成为一个自我中心的人;salvation supposedly becomes the way back of “returning to the dance”救恩,根据凯勒,就是回到这个舞蹈里这条的归回之路,and getting out of self-centeredness;就是脱离自我中心之路; the eschatological conclusion in the new heaven and new earth新天新地那里那个末世的结论,is summarized as the “future of the dance” (79) 是这样总结的,就是未来的跳舞,或者舞蹈的未来。
Dr. Bidwell sees several problems with the use of this imagery: Bidwell博士,看到用这个的形象比喻有几个问题:
Problem 1: 第一个问题:the “divine dance does not uphold 上帝的舞蹈并不支持三位一体,根据祂们的本质是统一的the unity of the Godhead based on essence.就是每一位本质是相同的。God’s essence is redefined上帝的本质有了新的定义 as being “love” instead of “the same substance”; 上帝的本质现在是爱,而不是同质;thus love replaces substance as the premise for divine unity (88). 因此,上帝里的统一性,就是三位都是神,都同样的,同一的是神,爱取代了神的本质,作为这个统一性的前提了。
Problem 2: 第二个问题:the “divine dance” movements portray the wrong kind of motion within the Trinity. 上帝的跳舞的那些动作,是在描绘三一真神里面一个错误的一个的动作。或者说错误地描绘了上帝的动作和上帝的作为。This is the act of the Father eternally begetting the Son,and then sending him as the God-man,along with the actions of the procession of the Holy Spirit. 这个是正统的。Bidwell说:正统的是:上帝的动作是父在永恒里生子,然后差遣祂作为神人进到世界,同时有圣灵的作为,圣灵的出,出于圣父圣子。… These divine movements are not captured by “voluntary circles or orbits; but the clear pattern of order is: from the Father,through the Son,by the Holy Spirit (89). 上帝这些个作为,用凯勒的方法来说,并没有掌握到的。凯勒的说法是,一些自愿的圈子或者是诡计,但是呢,凯勒说这个清楚的秩序的样式是从父透过子、由圣灵。from the Father,从父那里,through the Son,借着子,by the Holy Spirit由圣灵来做。这个作为跳舞中的不同的轨迹,跟不同的圈子,没有掌握到正统的三位一体里面上帝的作为。
Problem 3:第三个问题: the “divine dance” does not promote a balanced presentation of the Trinity as found in the Nicene Creed. 上帝在跳舞,并没有为尼西亚信经的三位一体的教义提出一个平衡的呈现。The Trinitarian order is distinct,clear,unmistakable and without confounding the persons. 三位一体的次序是独特的、清楚的、毫无混乱的,不会把三个位格混淆的。Contrast this with Keller’s portrayal of the three persons in a pulsating dance of voluntary orbits 你把这个与凯勒所形容的对照一下,他所描绘的是三个位格,在一个自愿的轨迹的一个的舞蹈中where it is impossible to distinguish “who is who” among them. 那在这个舞蹈中“谁是谁呢,”就不可能,分辨出的。It is baffling to imagine how the “divine dance” teaching could be encapsulated in a creedal statement (91).假如说,上帝的跳舞这个教导要放在一个教义、信经里面的话,我想根本不知道怎么样把它掌握才对。
Problem 4: 第四个问题:the“divine dance”undermines the divine order between the persons of the Godhead.上帝的跳舞就妥协了三个位格之间的神的次序 divine order。The“divine dance” teaching that lacks the doctrines of the eternal generation of the Son and the distinguishing relational properties of the persons of the Trinity thereby introduces theological weakness into the doctrine of the Trinity,with implications for Christology (92) 凯勒的这个上帝跳舞的教导,就是没有这个父在永恒里生子这个教导,没有的;也没有说这三个位格的独特的关系的本质,父生子,灵而出等等。这样子,就把三位一体这个教义消弱了,对基督论也带了一些的含义的。
Problem 5:第五个问题: the “divine dance” has the danger of tritheism (92). 神的跳舞有三神论,有三个神的危险。
Problem 6: 第六个问题:the “divine dance” undermines the authority structure that is directly related to redemption. 上帝的跳舞就妥协了这个与救赎有关的权力的架构。
A changed theology leads to theological implications in other parts of our doctrine,Bidwell说:当神学改变了的时候,就导致在我们其他的教义上的神学的含义,and neglecting to teach the ordering of the persons of the Trinity 当我们忽略教导三个位格父子灵之间的次序的时候呢has real consequences for our understanding of Christ as the mediator,就有很严重的后果,为我们对耶稣基督是中保的理解,带来严重的后果,his obedience to the Father as the God-man,and redemption (93). 对耶稣基督作为神人顺服天父带来严重的后果,对基督对救赎也带来严重的后果。
Considering the fundamental importance of the doctrine of the Trinity,Dr. Bidwell believes that these problems are not minor (81).当Bidwell博士考虑到三一论的那个基本上的重要性的时候,他相信上列的六个问题不是微小的问题。
The fourth essay,第四篇论文,“The Church’s Mission: sent to ‘do justice’ in the world?” 教会的使命:是不是被差遣去世界里行公义呢?is by Dr. Peter J. Naylor,是由Naylor博士写的,founding minister of Immanuel Presbyterian Church in Cardiff.是在威尔士的Cardiff这个城的以马内利长老会的创始的牧师,就是也是开拓教会的。 Dr. Naylor’s essay focuses on Dr. Keller’s teaching on the mission of the church:而Naylor博士的论文,就专注于凯勒博士对教会的使命的教导。
我们下一讲继续讲第四篇的文章:教会的使命是不是被差遣进到世界里行公义?
提示:逐字稿文字只限于个人和教会私下学习交流,目的是造就教会和教会负责带领、讲道的同工们;未经同意,请勿擅自在其它网站或平台转载和刊登课程的逐字稿;课程的逐字稿和图片的版权归「中华展望」,禁止复印出版等商业用途。当文字和录音不符时,以录音为准。愿上帝赐福文字编辑和校对的肢体来雅正!若是有修改的地方、奉献支持或是其他任何问题请使用以下邮件方式联系我们。中华网络圣约学院ccnci.org中华展望圣约学院 [email protected](PayPal)