《与提摩太凯勒交锋》Engaging with Keller书评第四讲:
主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立弟兄_文字:Cherry姐妹
我们来到第六篇的文章,Dr. Schweitzer also wrote the next essay on theistic evolution: Schweitzer博士,这本书两位编者之一,也写了下一篇文章,是论到神导进化论的:文章的题目是“Not Quite” Theistic Evolution: does Tim Keller bridge the gap between creation and evolution? “不完全是”神导进化论,提摩太凯勒是否在创造,进化之间筑了一条的桥梁呢?The title is drawn from an answer that Dr. Keller gave in an interview 文章的题目取自凯勒博士有一次接受访问的时候所作的答复where he was asked if his views were theistic evolution. 他被访问者,问他的观点是不是神导进化论,神导进化论就是上帝指导进化的过程。He replied,“Not quite” (161). 他的回答是“不完全是”。
One of the major obstacles to faith that Keller identifies is the conflict
between the doctrine of creation and the theory of evolution. 凯勒指出,对信仰,对信基督一个重要的拦阻就是创造论和进化论之间的冲突。… Keller suggests that there is a via media 凯勒提议有一个中间的路线,wherein we can affirm both the reality of evolution and also the biblical teaching of God’s creation. 这条路就让我们一方面肯定进化论的事实,或者这个现实reality,它的实在,同时也肯定圣经对上帝创造的教训。But what sort of evolution does Keller think is consistent with Christian faith? 但是与基督教信仰所符合的是怎么样的一种的进化论呢?根据,凯勒的思想是怎么样的一个进化论是与基督教的信仰一致的呢?An evolution that produced Adam? …是不是一种产生亚当这个人的进化过程呢?… Or does he mean an evolution that had nothing to do with Adam? 还是说一种与亚当完全没有关系那种的进化呢?
Dr. Schweitzer does not share Dr. Keller’s belief that a via media must be found: Schweitzer博士不同意凯勒博士,因为凯勒博士认为必须要找到一条中间的路:
There is no particular reason why the conflict of Christianity with evolutionary science is a problem demanding a solution 没有什么特别的理由,为什么基督教与进化论科学之间的冲突是要求我们找到一个答案、一个解决的方案any more than the conflict of Christianity with Islam 等于基督教与伊斯兰教(an ideology which,much like evolutionary theory,was conceived in self-conscious rejection of Christianity因为伊斯兰教和进化论的理论都是同样的,都是一些的意识形态,是有自我意识的拒绝基督教这种的情况之下构想出来的。) (154).
In his writings and interviews on the subject of evolution,在凯勒博士接受关于进化论的访问和他的著作里,Dr. Keller explains that belief in some type of evolution can be consistent with Christianity.凯勒博士解释,在某个程度上相信某一种的进化与基督教是一致的。 Dr. Schweitzer explains that this leaves Dr. Keller with two options: Schweitzer博士解释这个就留两条路给凯勒博士可以走:evolution that includes the origin of Adam 第一,就是一种包含了亚当的起源的进化or evolution that excludes Adam. 或者第二,是排除亚当的、没有亚当的进化。There are problems with both options. 两条路都有问题的。
If Adam is the result of evolution,假如亚当是进化的结果,then damage is done to the biblical understanding of Adam and all the doctrines that go with it: 那么我们就破坏了圣经的亚当的理解和与亚当有关所有的教义:Schweitzer说,
The culpability of the human race,人类的罪责,犯罪要负责,the justice of God,上帝的公义,the basis of redemption,救赎的根据,the identity of Christ,基督的身份,and the gospel itself 还有福音本身are all predicated upon a first man,Adam,都是建立在第一个人类亚当这个前提之上who was the biological and spiritual father of every human being. 亚当是全人类每一个人的血统方面的祖先也是属灵方面的始祖。Without this biblical Adam we do not have a biblical Christianity (158). 我们若没有一个符合圣经的亚当,我们就没有一个符合圣经的基督教。
Dr. Schweitzer notes that some theistic evolutionists attempt to reconcile
an evolutionary origin of Adam with special creation: Schweitzer博士注意到,有某一些的神导进化论者,他尝试要调和两件事,就是亚当是从进化论那边起源的,另外就是上帝特别的创造。想要调和这两件事:However,belief in a “literal” Adam – a single human being from whom we all descended – does not necessarily preclude believing that this literal Adam had some form of sub-human ancestor. This would seem to be what the language in Keller’s white paper is designed to allow for; 可是,字意上显示一个亚当,就是一个人,我们都是他的后裔并不是自动的排除,相信这个字意上的亚当有一个比人得更低的一个的祖先。这个好像是凯勒的白皮书里面所容许的一个的解释,至少他的白皮书里面的用词好像的用意是要容许这种的的亚当the idea that evolution was involved in the generation of Adam (158). 概念就是,在亚当的出生牵扯到进化。This approach raises as many questions as it answers,though (158).但是这个进路提出同样这么多复杂的问题的。
Given that Dr. Keller has indicated that he does not share approach to a literal Adam,既然凯勒博士已经指出,他不接受一个字意上的亚当这种的解释的进路,Dr. Schweitzer considers the second option:Schweitzer博士就考虑另外第二条路:
Perhaps he is only talking about evolution somehow being used in various other aspects of creation,可能凯勒只不过是在讨论到上帝怎么样用进化论在其他的创造的层面上,but having no role in God’s immediate creation of Adam. 但是上帝直接创造亚当,就没有牵涉到进化的。This seems closer to Keller’s personal position,这个好像比较靠近凯勒个人的立场,which he distinguishes from theistic evolution 他把他的立场与神导进化论是要区别的as “a bit more intervention,more God in there” (159). 他说他的立场是比较多点介入,那里有比较多点的上帝。
Would this option be an acceptable solution to the problem of reconciling evolutionary science with Christianity? 这条路、这个选择是否能够被接受去解决调和进化论科学与基督教这个难题呢?Dr. Schweitzer doesn’t think so: Schweitzer博士认为不可能的:An account that included evolution at some places but left out this capstone of the project 假如有一种的进化论,在某些的过程中有进化,但是在那个整个的工程的高峰–亚当的创造是没有进化的话,would seem to do very little to help Christians live in intellectual peace with the secular elite 这个并不让基督徒能够很平安的与世俗的精英知识分子共存who regard the evolution of mankind from animals as an inviolable dogma (159). 因为世俗的精英知识分子认为,人类从动物进化出来,是一个不可以干犯的一个的教义、一个教条来的。
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Dr. Schweitzer concludes: Schweitzer博士做出这个结论:Not every obstacle to faith is a false dichotomy waiting to be bridged. 对信仰的每一个拦阻,不是每一个都是一个表面上的矛盾需要去解决的。Some “problems” are quite real 有些问题是真的问题and admit of no legitimate resolution. 没有合理合法的解决的方法的。The intellectual conflict over the origins of life on earth is a prime example (160). 生命的来源,这方面的理性上的冲突就是一个最好的例子。
第七篇文章
The final essay,“Looking for Communion in All the Wrong Places: Tim Keller and Presbyterian Ecclesiology,”所有错误的地方去找圣徒的相通,提摩太凯勒和长老会的教会论 was written by Dr. D.G. Hart,只由Hart博士写的,Adjunct Professor of Church History at Westminster Seminary,California.Hart博士是加州威尼斯的哲学院的客座教会历史教授。 Dr. Hart considers whether Dr. Keller’s work,especially through his church planting network,is consistent with a Presbyterian ecclesiology:Hart博士考虑凯勒博士的事工,特别是他的开拓教会的网络是否符合一种长老会的教会论:
Hart 说Tim Keller is the most famous Presbyterian pastor in the United States today;提摩太凯勒是在今天美国最著名的长老会牧师; but whether he identifies his ministry self-consciously with Presbyterianism is another question (164). 但是至于他是否把他的事工,自我意识的与长老会的制度认同呢,又是另外一个问题。
Dr. Hart explains: Hart博士解释:Keller’s twin commitments to word and deed 凯勒双重委身于口传和身传and to urban ministry 还有对城市宣教的委身have led him into cooperative projects with non-Presbyterians,就导致他与一些非长老宗人士进行合作的项目,a further indication of the degree to which his Presbyterianism defines his ministry (172). 这更加地指出究竟在什么程度上,他的长老会的身份是为了事工作出定义的。
One of the examples of Dr. Keller’s work with non-Presbyterians is his Redeemer City to City church planting network: 凯勒博士与非长老宗人士的合作一个例子就是他那个救赎主城市到城市的开拓教会的网络:
Hart 说,Redeemer City to City is a church-planting network that started with RPC’s initial efforts to plant churches throughout the New York metropolitan area.救赎主城市到城市是一个开拓教会的网络,是由救赎主长老会起初要在大纽约、大都会开拓不同的教会开始的。 It now extend to churches around the world,现在已经延伸到世界各地,particularly to congregations in large urban centers,特别在一些大的大都市地区的教会,and its aim is to sustain a movement of churches not with a Presbyterian model but with Redeemer’s vision for ministry (172) 他的目标是要维持一个运动,不是一个以长老会作教会模式的教会的运动,乃是用救赎主长老会对事工的异象的教会运动。
What is remarkable about this work is,according to Dr. Hart,根据Hart博士,这种都市的事工令人注意的地方乃是that Dr. Keller sees a closer relationship with those who share his ministry goals than with those who share his denominational vows: 凯勒博士看到那些与他有共同的事工目标的人与他的关系,是与和他同样的在PCA长老会发过誓,做长老会牧师的人的关系,前者是更加的亲近的:
In fact,the communion that he has through belonging to the PCA does
not seem to be as important or as valuable as the kind of community he
hopes to establish through a network of urban churches committed to
word and deed ministries and social justice. 事实上,他在PCA长老会里,他属于这个长老会,在长老会里面的圣徒的相通,对他来说好像没有那么重要,没有那么的宝贵,相对于他想要建立的透过一些,委身于口传身传跟社会公益的城市教会的网络,那个相对之下,他的长老会里的圣徒相通是没有那么重要,没有那么宝贵。… What stands out in Keller and RPC’s commitments 凯勒和救赎主长老会的委身的显著之处is not adherence to Reformed theology,worship,and Presbyterian church government,不是遵行改革宗神学、敬拜和长老会的教会治理的制度,but the priority of mercy ministries,urban sensibilities,and evangelistic strategy for transforming cities and the wider culture (180-181) 他的委身是委身于怜悯事工的优先次序,对大都市那种的敏感的优先次序,还有为了要转变城市和文化的福音策略的优先次序。
Because of this,Dr. Hart concludes: 因为这些的原因,Hart博士的结论是:These contradictions make Keller the most popular contemporary Presbyterian pastor for whom the markers of Presbyterianism appear to matter very little (182). 这些的矛盾就让凯勒成为今天当代最受欢迎的长老会牧师,对他来说,长老会的标志好像是非常不重要的。
Having considered these specific concerns with certain aspects of Dr. Keller’s teaching,两位这本书的编者考虑到,凯勒博士的教导的不同层面的一些关注的地方之后,the authors conclude with their hope for continued conversation and engagement on these issues:编者们的结论使他们盼望有进一步的对话和在这些问题上交锋,编者们说:
We look forward to the process of clarification which will follow. 我们期待有更多的澄清的过程。What is important is not that our own objections be confirmed 重要的不是我们所提出的反对的理由被肯定but that Keller’s own Reformed theology,reflective as it is of the biblical truth,be transmitted in ways that are completely clear (184). 重要的是,凯勒他自己的改革宗神学反映出圣经真理的神学,能够用一种完全清楚的方法来传递。
书评到这里结束。作者是Rachel Miller is News Editor for the Aquila Report. 是Aquila Report的新闻的编辑。She is also a homeschooling mother of 3 boys 她也是在家里面,家教三位儿子的母亲and member of a PCA church in Spring,Texas. 她是得克萨斯州Spring这个城市的一个PCA改革宗长老会的教会的会友。This article first appeared on her blog,这篇文章首先在她自己的博客出现。A Daughter of the Reformation,博客的名字是一个宗教改革的女儿,and is used with permission. 是经过允许使用的。
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