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Redemption Accomplished and Applied part1-section 7

《再思救赎奇恩》第一部分第7讲,我们继续讲基督的献祭,Atonement as sacrifice.

主讲:林慈信牧师_校对:刘加立_文字:cherry

我们上次读了希伯来书第九章第14节,Hebrews 9:14, 现在我们继续来看,We must interpreted the sacrifice of Christ in terms of the Levitical patterns because they were themselves patterned after Christ offering.我们必须要从利未祭祀制度这个角度来解释基督所献上的祭。因为,这些利为祭祀制度的样式本身就是根据基督的献祭的。 But it is just because the Levitical were only patterns 但是就是因为利未制度也只不过是样式而已,that we must also recognize the limitations by which they were encompassed 所以我们必须要承认利未制度本身是有诸多的限制in contrast with the perfect character of Christ own offering. 这个是相对于基督,祂献上自己为祭的那个完美的特性,两者是成很强烈的对照的。

And it is because such limitations inhered in the Levitical offerings 但是就是因为利未制度的献祭本质上有这些的诸多的限制,that we do not find and could not expected to find in the sacrifice of Christ a little fulfillment of all the details of the Levitical sacrifices. 因此呢,我们在基督的献祭这件事情上找不到也不可能期待找得到基督的献祭是如何字面上实现了、应验了利未制度献祭所有的细节。It was the disproportion between the offerer and the offering 就是因为,献祭者和祭物之间是不相称的、不成比例and between the liability of the offerer and the shedding of the blood of the offering under the Old Testament ritual 还有就是在旧约的礼仪制度之下呢,献祭的人的罪债,他的债务和这个祭牲的流血之间也是不成比例的,that made necessary the elimination of all such disproportion in the case of Christ’s sacrifice. 所以呢,在基督的献祭这个事上,就必须要除掉所有这些的不相称。

The absence of this disproportion in the sacrifice of the Son of God 神的儿子献上自己为祭的时候,这种的不成比例就不再存在了is correlative with the absence in his case of all the details of Levitical prescription which would have been incompatible with the unique and transcendent character of his self-oblation.(p.28.2) 这些的不成比例的,不相称就不存在了,这个是相关于在基督的献祭的事上呢,就是没有那些利未制度所要求的一些的细节。因为这些的利未制度下的细节,本身就和基督献上自己这种的独特的超越的特性是不符合的。意思就是说呢,现在我解释一下,基督献上自己是与我们的债务、我们的罪债是相称的,献上自己是足够的来偿还所有的罪债。假如,祂献上自己是完全应验了旧约的利未制度的献祭的话呢,假如祂献上自己应验了,或者直接的、字义上面应验这些细节的话,那祂就不可能做了一个完全清偿我们债务的一个的献祭。因为,利未的制度的献祭是不成比例的,是一个动物怎么可能来清偿一个人和许多人的罪债呢?耶稣基督恰恰就不是这种的献祭。

好,我们继续.英文原著是28页,

That Christ’s work was to offer himself a sacrifice for sin implies, however, a complementary truth too frequently overlooked.耶稣基督的工作就是为罪的缘故献上自己为祭.这个事实暗示了一个相辅相成的一个真理,是人们一般常常忽略的。是怎么一个的互补的一个真理呢? It is that, if Christ offered himself as sacrifice, he was also a priest. 这个真理就是,基督假如献上了自己为祭,祂同时也是祭司。And it was as a priest that he offered himself. 祂是身为祭司献上自己的。 He was not offered up by another;祂不是由别人将祂献上的; he offered himself.祂献上自己。 This is something that could not be exemplified in the ritual of the Old Testament. 这件事呢,就不可能在旧约的礼仪里面有一种的比喻,或者预表的。The priest did not offer himself and neither did the offering offer itself. 祭司并没有献上自己,那个祭物也没有献上自己。

But in Christ we have this unique combination但是在基督身上,我们有这个独特的联合that serves to exhibit the uniqueness of his sacrifice,这个联合就是祭司和祭物是同一个人,这个呢就表明了祂的献祭是多么的独特, the transcendent character of his priestly office,第二表明它的祭司的职分是多么的超越,and perfection inherent in his priestly offering. 第三,表明祂身为祭司的献祭的工作本质上是多么的完美。It is in virtue of his priestly office and in pursuance of his priestly function that he makes atonement for sin.基督为罪做成了赎罪atonement的大工,就是因为祂的祭司之分的缘故,也因为祂执行了祂祭司的功能,是在祂的职分和祂的功能上,祂为罪做成了赎罪大工的,he makes atonement for sin。He indeed was the lamb slain,是的,祂就是那位被杀的羔羊, but he was also the priest that offered himself as the lamb of God to take away the sin of the world.但是,祂同时也是那位的祭司,献上自己作为除去世人罪孽的上帝的羔羊。

It is this amazing conjuncture that the union in him of priestly office and picular offering evinces. 在祂身上,祭司的职分和赎罪的献祭的联合,就表明出这么令人诧异的一个的结合。It is all implied in the simple expression we so often quote but seldom appreciate ,我们常常都引用这句话,但是很少去体会到是多么的奇妙,这句话就暗示了什么呢?“he offered himself without spot to God.” 祂毫无瑕疵地献上自己给上帝,就是刚才所讲的,祂献上自己,祭司和祭物是同一个。And if verifies to the fullest extent, what we found already, 这个祭司和祭物的联合同时也证实了、充分的证实了我们刚才已经讲过的、已经发现的,就是,that in the climatic event which registered and brought to completion his sacrificial act he was intensely active, 就是说呢,在这一件巅峰的事件,就是这个记录了、也完成了祂的牺牲的大工的这个巅峰的事件就是十字架的事件,祂是主动的,是非常极度地主动的,

and active, be it remembered, in offering to God the oblation that expiated the full toll of divine condemnation 请记得,这个主动了就是当祂献上这个祭给上帝,就是为要除去、为了赎回上帝定罪的这个充分的惩罚,这个的献祭against a multitude whom no man can number out of every nation and kindred and people and tongue.  就是为了无数这么多的人的罪,来自各国各民各族和每种语言。就是说呢,耶稣基督是极度的主动的去为这么多的人的罪,在上帝面前献上自己为祭的。这个就是he offered himself,祂献上自己这句和简单的话所证实的。

Furthermore and finally, 再进一步说、最后一点,it is the recognition of Christ’s priestly function 就是当我们看到基督的祭司功能的时候that tied up the sacrifice once offered with the abiding priestly function of the Redeemer.当我们看到基督的祭司,祂扮演祭司的功能的时候呢,就把一次献上的祭物和救主的永久的祭司的功能连在一起,一次献上的祭sacrifice once offered,救主的永久性的祭司的功能,abiding priestly function of the Redeemer连在一起,He is priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. 基督是永远按照麦基洗德的等次为祭司。

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He is a priest now,基督现在就是祭司, not to offer sacrifice 不是在献祭,but as the permanent personal embodiment of all the efficacy and virtue that accrued from the sacrifice once offered.祂不是在献祭,乃是在祂的身上,一次献上的祭的有效性和大能,现在永远的在祂的位格祂的身上,祂就是这个有效性和大能的化身,embodiment 在祂身上就表现的这种的,永远表现这种的有效和大能。And it is as such he ever continues to make intercession for his people. 祂就是身为这个表征祂的一次献上的祭的有效和大能,身为这个,祂永远的为祂的子民代求。His ever-continuing and always-prevailing intercession 耶稣基督不断地代祷,祂的父神必应允的代祷,is bound to the sacrifice once offered. 耶稣基督这种的必得应允的代祷是与祂一次献上的祭是分不开的。

But it is thus bound 祂的代祷跟祂的献祭是分不开,是连接的,就是因为because it is in his capacity as the great high priest of our profession that he perfected the one and continues the other.就是因为祂身为我们所相信的伟大的大祭司,祂身为这个大祭司,祂就完全地完成了献祭而继续的做祭司的代求的工作。这里要讲的是耶稣基督的身份是大祭司,祂以大祭司的身份献上自己,祂以祂大祭司的身份来继续做祭司,为祂的子民代求,而祂这个祭司的身份目前呢,很重要的是与祂的十字架不能分开的,因为祂现在这个祭司的功能就是要彰显祂的十架上的救赎大工是大有功效的,efficacy and virtue ,是大有能力的。

这里呢,我们就讲完了献祭sacrifice这个第一个特定的概念.the first specific category 。

The second number specific category.现在我们来看第二个特定的概念。我们再来温习一下这个概括性的概念是顺服。The overarching concept is obedience.在这个顺服下面第一个概念是献祭,第二个现在我们来开始看的是挽回祭。And under the obedience is …….the first specific concept is sacrifice. And now number 2, the second specific category or concept is Propitiation。挽回祭。

Number  2,Propitiation。挽回祭。The Greek work which is stand for our English word “Propitiation” 我们英文的挽回祭Propitiation这个字,希腊文相关的字does not appear frequently in the New Testament.在新约圣经里不尝尝出现的。 This may seem surprising when we consider that it occurs with such frequency in the Greek version of the Old Testament, 这件事可能令我们惊讶,因为当我们考虑到在旧约圣经的希腊文版本呢,这个字是常常出现的。

The word so often translated by our English word “atonement”.这个字呢,我们英文的圣经常常翻译为赎罪atonement。这里我打个岔做一个译者注,有的时候我们读到罗马书第三章24-25节的时候,你会读到很多的英文的版本就不翻Propitiation,而是翻成atonement,我个人的意见是,当翻译成赎罪atonement,而不翻译成Propitiation挽回祭的时候,把这个字的原意就冲淡了。我们继续讲,英文的翻译,就是翻译旧约的希腊文版本(??18:21)的时候呢,或者这个字Propitiation,常常是翻成atonement的。

好我们继续:We might think that a word which is so common in the Greek Old Testament in connection with the ritual of expiation would have been freely used by the writers of the New Testament. But it is not the case.我们可能认为一个希腊文的旧约圣经里这么普遍的一个字,与赎罪expiation 礼仪相关的字,应该被新约的作者常常使用才对呀。但是事实就不是这样!

This fact dose not mean, however, that the atoning work of Christ is not to be interpreted in terms of the propitiation. 这个事实本身就并不意味着耶稣基督赎罪的大工不应该从挽回祭的角度来解释的。There are passages in which the language of propitiation is expressly applied to the work of Christ圣经有一些的经文呐。挽回祭这个词汇是明确的用在基督的大工上的,(Rom.3:25;Heb. 2:17;I John 2:2;4:10).这里有四段的经文我们先后的来读:罗马书第三章第25节:“上帝设立耶稣作挽回祭,是凭着耶稣的血,借着人的信,要显明上帝的义。因为祂用忍耐的心宽容人先时所犯的罪。”希伯来书第二章第17节:“所以祂凡事该与祂的弟兄相同,为要在上帝的事上成为慈悲忠信的大祭司,为百姓的罪献上挽回祭。”约翰一书第二章第2节,“祂为我们的罪作了挽回祭,不是单为我们的罪,也是为普天下人的罪”。最后约翰一书第四章第10节:“不是我们爱上帝,乃是上帝爱我们差,祂的儿子为我们的罪作了挽回祭,这就是爱了。” And this means, without question, that the work of Christ is to be construed as propitiation. 这里毫无疑问的是基督的大工应该被解释为挽回祭,因为有这么多的经文。

But there is also another consideration. 但是我们还要考虑到另外一点。The frequency with which the concept appears in the Old Testament in connected with the sacrificial ritual,旧约圣经里常常的出现这个概念,旧约圣经里当讲到献祭的礼仪的时候,这个挽回祭的概念常常这么经常的出现, the fact that the New Testament applies to the work of Christ the very term which denoted this concept in the Greek Old Testament, 而新约圣经就用了这个希腊文的旧约圣经里指挽回祭这个字,新约圣经用来指基督的大工,这是第二件事情。

第三件事情是and the fact the New Testament regards the Levitical ritual as providing the pattern for the sacrifice of Christ 而新约认为旧约利未制度的礼仪是为基督的献祭提出这个样式的,这个第三件事实,第三件事lead to the conclusion that叫我们不得不做出这个结论,这个结论就是 it is a category in terms of which the sacrifice of Christ is not only properly but necessarily interpreted.这个结论就是,挽回祭这个概念不单单是合宜的用来解释基督的献祭大工,不单是合宜的,而且是必须的要用来解释基督的献祭大工的。

In other word,换言之,the idea of propitiation is so woven into the fabric of the Old Testament ritual 挽回祭这个概念是完全成为旧约的献祭礼仪制度被支撑在这个制度里面,成为一部分,that it would be impossible to regard that ritual as the pattern of sacrifice of Christ if propitiation did not occupy a similar place in the great sacrifice once offered. 在旧约的礼仪里面挽回祭是那么重要的核心的一部分,所以假如挽回祭并不是基督一次献上自己这么伟大的献祭这件事情里面呢,假如挽回祭也不是占有同样的重要的地位的话呢,就不可能认为这个挽回祭是基督献祭的样式了。意思就是说:旧约的献祭制度是基督的十字架的样式吗?而旧约的献祭制度就是挽回祭,常常提到的。所以假如旧约的献祭制度是为基督提供的样式的话呢,那这个旧约献祭制度里面这个挽回祭的概念肯定就是用来必须用来解释基督的十字架的大工的。

This is but another way of saying that sacrifice and propitiation stand in the closest relations with one another. 这里只不过是说,献祭和挽回祭之间的关系是亲密到不能再亲密的。The express application of the term “propitiation” to the work of Christ by the New Testament writers is the confirmation of this conclusion.而新约圣经的作者直接明确地使用了挽回祭这个名词指基督的大工,就是证明了我们这里所做的一个结论。

But what does propitiation mean?但是挽回祭propitiation 的意思是什么呢?

我们下一讲从这里开始。We will pick it up in our next section.

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