《因信称义》面面观–马丁路德和加尔文（重新）发现了什么？
主讲：林慈信牧师_校对：刘加立弟兄_文字：Cherry姐妹
Many of you are quite aware that many of our messages focus on the present and future direction about church 各位注意到，我们最近几个月来的信息都跟我们教会现在和将来的方向有关，and we’ve come to the Reformation day今天我们来到宗教改革的纪念主日，and you probably heard the term reformation and reformed circulating 我们也听过宗教改革、改革宗这些词汇流传在我们中间。
We trust that you will be growing in your awareness to see what is the width the breadth and the depth of what the Bible teaches 盼望各位逐渐的体会到圣经的教导是多么的广、多么的深，and that is what Luther and Calvin and others rediscovered five hundred years ago 这个就是马丁路德加尔文在500年前所重新发现的。We preached on you and your pastor我们最近讲道讲过“牧师与你”，you guessed it next week is “you and your elder”你猜到的，下星期是“长老与你”。A few weeks ago，you and your Deacon“执事与你”我们讲过了，we spent three Sundays on discipleship and you花了三个星期我们讲你和门徒训练，and also three weeks on “you and discipline”也是上个星期讲到 “教会的纪律与你”。One Sunday on missions and you一个讲“宣教与你”。
And we will continue to lay before you the breasts and the depth of what the Bible says we should be and do as a church我们继续的在各位面前显明圣经的教导是这么广，讲到教会和教会的事工。We read three passages today 今天早上我们读了三段的经文：first Corinthians 15，林前15章，there’s a little phrase in there那里有几个字“according to the scriptures按照圣经所说”，Romans 3：21-22 罗马书3：21-22，“ the law and the prophets testify律法先知作见证”，in other words our gospel the cross of Jesus Christ换言之我们所传的福音-耶稣基督的十字架 is something that the Old Testament has been teaching for several thousand years 是旧约圣经几千年来都在教导的。That’s before the cross是在十字架之前。After the cross那十字架之后，Paul says：Jesus appeared to Peter，the twelve and to him and many others保罗说：耶稣向彼得，就是矶法显现，向其他的12使徒显现，向祂显现等等。
After the cross，Jesus gave his own testimony by sending witnesses 耶稣透过差遣见证人为祂自己做见证。Jesus testifies he has risen from the dead耶稣做见证祂已经死里复活了，so that is why we read these three passages所以我们读这三段的经文。During the reformation five hundred years ago 500年前宗教改革的时候 the Catholic church would say you Luther and Calvin you don’t know your tradition you don’t know your history of the church天主教会说路德、加尔文你们都不懂教会的历史、教会的传统。
Luther and Calvin would respond 路德跟加尔文会回应说：no，we do know our tradition 我们知道我们的传统的，we know our early church Fathers 我们知道我们早期教会的教父讲什么的，because what they teach is what Jesus through the Apostles Paul，Peter send down 我们所传的就是耶稣透过彼得、约翰、保罗等等传下来的，that was five hundred years ago那个是500年前。People did not realize that Luther and Calvin was not teaching something without roots 人们不知道宗教改革所传的不是无根的，不是从空中冒出来的。
Today，in 2023，今天 2023年some people also feel particularly in East Malaysia that reformation or reformed teaching is something we haven’t heard before也会有人认为宗教改革、改革宗是我没有听过的。We also need to remind ourselves that what we are teaching is what the Old Testament，what Jesus，Peter，Paul have been teaching all along. 我们要记得我们所传的就是旧约圣经、耶稣基督、彼得、保罗一直传下来的。
In one of the creeds，probably not the Nicene Creed 我们有的时候会读尼西亚信经，还有其他的信经，and one of the creeds says：“ I believe in the Holy Catholic or universal apostolic church我信圣洁的大而公的使徒性的教会。That means what we believe is not something that we created out of some evangelism crusade a hundred years ago or fifty years ago. 我们所传的不是50年前，有个福复兴，在1973年，不是100年前一些布道家发明的； it’s rooted in what God says about himself. 我们信的是根据神说祂自己是什么，祂做了什么。That is why the theme of our worship this morning is one Lord，one faith 所以今天我们的崇拜的主题是：一主一信。
The protestant reformation began we might say on October 31st，1517，我们可以说宗教改革是1517年10月31号开始的。Now movements don’t start overnight，这么大的运动不是一天一晚开始的，but we remembered the event that Martin Luther，a New Testament professor posted 95 questions for discussion，我们纪念马丁路德这位新约的教授公布了95条需要讨论的问题。Because of his call for discussion and debate 因为他呼吁教会讨论辩论 he was tried and eventually expelled from the Catholic church 他就被教廷和当局的政府审判，被驱逐、被踢走离开天主教会 that is why we call ourselves protestants or Christians 所以今天我们叫自己的基督教，或者基督新教 the word “protestant” means “protest” 基督新教的意思就是抗衡、抗议。
Martin Luther protested because he wants to return to what he recently rediscovered 马丁路德抗议，因为他发现，重新发现了福音，为了这个缘故，他提出、他发出他的声音。Scholars today would say that’s the reformation of mistake 今天有学者说宗教改革搞错了。No，it was not a mistake.不是搞错的。We must know our roots我们必须知道自己的根。
You see when the Apostle John finished revelation back around ninety to a hundred AD，当使徒约翰写完启示录的时候，大概主后90、100年，we don’t just jump to the beginning of our church of denomination a few years ago 我们不是从90跳到我们的宗派或者教会开始那一年的。Holy Spirit has not stopped working 圣灵没有停止工作的。
Today later on we will trace very briefly what happened before the reformation 今天下一堂，我们会简单的说一说宗教改革之前发生什么事。What was the reformation？宗教改革是什么？It was when the church rediscovered the Bible and rediscovered the gospel 宗教改革就是教会重新发现圣经、重新发现福音。We go to our theme this morning ，现在我们来看我们的主题，Roman numeral two：what does justification mean？什么叫做因信称义？第二段。
Brothers and sisters when we say I am saved or I was saved 弟兄姐妹，当我们说我得救了，我某一天得救了，we usually are talking about our experience some decision我们一般是讲我们的经验、某一次的决志。Yes，salvation is personal，是的，救恩是个人的，it is an experience是一个经验。But your experience is built on what God has done 但是你的经验都是因为神做了什么。That’s why we read 1 Corinthians 15 所以我们读哥林多前书第15章，according to the Old Testament Jesus died，rose，appeared根据旧约圣经所说，耶稣基督死了，复活了，显现了，and so we must know what Jesus Christ has done objectively to accomplish to earn our salvation 所以我们必须知道，必须重新的温习耶稣基督做了什么，客观的做了什么，为我们赚来救恩的。
First of all，Luther rediscovered第一、路德重新发现salvation is by Grace，only by Grace人得救是靠神的恩典，完全靠神的恩典。You see you and I cannot make a contribution to God to become saved 你跟我不可以做出任何的贡献得救的，God did everything 一切都是神做好的，for by grace you have been saved Ephesians 2：8以弗所二章8节：你们得救是本乎恩。And God planned that Grace before he created the world 上帝在创造世界之前就已经计划好这个的恩典的。God so loved the world that he gave his only son上帝爱世人，甚至赐下祂的爱子，When did God love 神什么时候爱的？When did God give？神什么时候赐下的？The answer is before he created the world 答案是祂在创世之前就给了。
In our hearts，deep down inside在我们每一个人心里面的深处，we all want to do something to earn God ‘s love，either salvation or acceptance 我们每个人都想做一些事情，好叫神爱我，好叫神救我。I’m talking about people who have received Jesus Christ and have been baptized我讲的是已经受洗信主的人。Everybody has this “I want to do some work”每一个人都有这种“我想做一些好行为”，nobody is an exception没有人例外，I mean no Christian is an exception 没有一个基督徒是例外，no pastor is an exception没有一个牧师是例外的，not to mention non Christians还没有信的就不用讲了。
Calvin’s and Puritan’s say that the heart is a factory of idols 加尔文跟清教徒说我们的心是一个工厂，做什么的？做偶像的。I，I，I wanna do something我，我，我要做什么。No，it’s all by Grace！不是的，都是恩典。
No. 2，however it doesn’t mean we do nothing 但是不是说我们什么都不做，salvation is through faith这就是借着信心，the word “faith” can mean the doctrines that the church teaches and it can mean that “信”这个字可以是指教会所教导的教义。Now the Chinese Bible doesn’t translate that way unfortunately. 很不幸的，中文圣经没有把这个“信仰”翻出来，一般中文圣经说“真道”，新译本翻译成“信仰”，so the word faith does mean doctrine 信仰是指真道教义的。But the Catholic church stops there 让这天主教堂停在那里，Luther and Calvin used another Latin word 路德跟加尔文用另外一个字的，fiducia（拉丁文：信靠、信任）it means commitment，resting，trusting.这个字就是信靠、委身、依靠的意思。And we trust only Jesus and his blood我们只是信耶稣、信祂的宝血。
Earlier I said that you made a decision probably to accept Jesus Christ刚才我说你们可能一次过有一次的决志信了耶稣，that’s good那个很好的。But that is not the only way to heaven但是这个不是唯一上天堂的路。Now don’t get me wrong，listen to the next sentence，不要听错，听下去：What God wants to see is your heart 神要看的是你的内心。
Is your heart a heart that has trusted in Jesus that has repented？你的心是不是已经悔改，已经信了耶稣的，not what day，what time. 不是哪一天，几点钟。We are justified through faith，through a work we do in our hearts. 我们借着信心，这个是我们心里面做的一个的行动，not necessarily raising your hand，making a decision 不一定是在人面前举个手、决志。Some people never raise their hand，never made a decision，有些人从来没有举过手的，没有决过字的 the question is：is there a living faith in their hearts？问题是他们心里面是不是有个活泼的信心。A living faith loves the things about God 一个活的信心是爱关于神的事情，that heart loves to pray，read the Bible，go to worship那个心是喜爱祷告、读经、崇拜的。
Third第三、we are saved by grace through faith and therefore we are justified我们得救是本乎恩、借着信，因此我们被称义。Today the word justification is being laughed at by many many New Testament professors in seminaries across Protestantism今天基督教不论什么派别的神学院都在取笑称义这个真理的。This is the rock of our salvation不要忘记这个是我们得救的教义的一个磐石来的。They say that’s not what Paul means他们说保罗不是这个意思的，Martin Luther got wrong 马丁路德搞错了，that is called New Perspectives on Paul 这个叫做保罗新观。
We don’t have time doing a sermon to explain what it is，just let me tell you it’s very dangerous。在讲道的时候没有时间解释，总之是很危险就是了。Available at a seminary near you east or west Malaysia，Singapore，Hong Kong and North America. 在东马，西马，香港，台湾，新加坡，北美洲，各大神学院有售。
What is justification？什么叫称义？Imputation，declaration，称义是归算，称义是宣告，impute归算。Now that word is in the Bible 这个字是在圣经里面的，Romans 4：3 罗马书4：3 ，Genesis 15：6 创世记15：6，I will just use an illustration 我就是用个比喻就好了。I am a sinner我是罪人，God gave me a report card上帝给我一个成绩单，it says Zero写的是0分； Jesus is harmless耶稣是无罪的，God says that Jesus’ report card is one hundred 耶稣的在神面前的成绩单是100，you see Jesus came not only to die for you 耶稣不但为你死了，he came to obey for you耶稣来为你顺服、遵行神的话的 ，the Father says：beautiful，well done，righteous. 父亲说做得好，我称你为义，holy and righteous圣洁、义。
Jesus is always holy耶稣从来就是圣洁的，but because of his obedience and death 因为耶稣顺服、祂的死，the Father says wonderful 上帝所做的非常的好！ and God takes that 100 report card and glues it on top of my 0，上帝把耶稣100分的成绩单贴在我的0分上面，that’s called imputation这个叫做归算，Romans 4：3，罗马书4：3。When you trust in Jesus你信耶稣的时候，God sees you，God regards you，it’s righteous上帝就算你是义人，算你是义人，it doesn’t mean you will never sin again 不是说你永远不会再犯罪。
But that is what God says 神是这样说的，that’s how God sees you当你这样看你的 Romans 5：19 罗马书15：19 we became righteous我们成为义人，it doesn’t mean I became somebody that will never sin again 不是说我成为一个永远不会再犯罪的人，but that is how God sees you 这个就是上帝怎么看我，
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I used to come to Malaysia with no Visa以前我进来马来西亚，没有拿到签证的，every time they give me a chop ninety days每次进来他打个章- 90天。Today Malaysia does not look at me that way 今天马来西亚不是这样看我的，I have one page on my Passport MM2H在我的护照有一页的马来西亚第二家园，and every time they come I come in，每次我进来，into this country called Sarawak 进到这个沙捞越的国家的时候，听到了没有？they have to write that expiration date every time 每次要写那个最后的日子的。Malaysia looks at me different now 马来西亚看我不一样了，when I go to KLA，I line up at the MM2H line，I pass a long queue每次我入境出境排的队很短的，MM2H 不是foreign Passport，they look at me differently now他们现在看我不一样，I’m still an American citizen我还是美国公民，but I have a different status here 但是我现在的地位不一样；
therefore因此，God declares me righteous 因此上帝称我为义，it’s like a judge好像个法官，after the jury discusses the case陪审员讨论之后，the judge puts a hammer down，法官拿这个榔头“啪”一下，not guilty 罪名不成立，无罪释放。It doesn’t mean you don’t feel guilty anymore 不是你不再感觉到有罪，but God says your guilt is gone上帝说你的罪名除去了。What does that mean？什么意思？Of course it means that God forgives your sin！当然，这意思就是神赦免你的罪！That is justification 这个就是称义。God sees you differently，God calls you differently. 神用不同的眼光看你，用不同的方法对待你。
Why is it important？为什么重要？Let’s come back to some Christians in the church 我们回到教会一些的基督徒。You are very serious about Jesus，prayer and read the Bible你对耶稣很认真的，你对读经祷告很认真的，but somehow you don’t feel God loves you. 但是你不感觉到上帝爱你。Now remember there are lots of people sitting right here who are not serious about Jesus and prayer in the Bible 我们在座很多基督徒对耶稣、对读经祷告不认真的。
The following three minutes is not for you 下面这3分钟不是向你讲的，I’m talking about those who are struggling with their faith and their love for the Lord 我向那些真的为他的信心、他对主的爱心挣扎的：I am not good enough我不够好，my faith is not strong enough我的信心不够好。
One of my most respected teachers is the late reverend C John Miller我们最尊敬的神学院老师其中一位就是米勒博士，he wrote the book Come Back Barbara which is available in Chinese 他有一本中文有翻译的书叫《做回来吧，巴巴拉》，Miller used to tell us to repent every class，Miller博士每次上课都叫我们悔改的 and so that has been imprinted in my mind and heart 所以这个悔改在我的思想、我的心中是已经刻在里面的了。
Many years later 很多年之后，he was still struggling 他仍然在挣扎，that he is not good enough他不够好，his obedience is not thorough enough 他的顺服不够彻底，he was preaching in Spain他在西班牙讲道，he was meditating，probably looking out on the Atlantic Ocean 他在默想，可能看着大西洋，and it dawned on him一个思想进到他的心中：Jesus Christ’s work is finished 耶稣的工作做完了！Remember Jesus says 成了 it is finished on the cross？耶稣在十字架上说“成了”。
Jesus finish his work for you 耶稣为你已经做完祂的工作了，that became a revolution in Dr. Miller’s life 那个成为在米勒博士心目中革命的一个的思想，and then he wrote a completely different curriculum after that 最后他写完全新的一个的课程：it’s called Sonship叫做“做儿子的名分”。Before then，he told us to repent，and his book on repentance is still very important is available in Chinese他写那本悔改的书仍然很重要，中文已经翻译了，but then he stressed Grace after Spain但西班牙之后，他讲的是恩典 Grace恩典。Now here in a Grace batters we we preach both law and Grace 我们在恩典同时讲神的律法，也讲恩典。Do we talk about morality？我们有没有教道德的教导？Yes，we do，after forgiveness of sins，you noticed？在赦罪之后，你注意到了没有？
we talk about how we should live and our relationship with Jesus Christ 我们讲道德生活，我们与耶稣的关系 after confession and forgiveness承认罪、赦免之后。Jesus Christ is good enough for the Father，Jesus Christ is good enough for you。耶稣所做的对父是够好的，对你也是够好的。Give up that idol in your heart放弃心中的偶像？What idol you say你说什么偶像？The idol that I want to do more so that God loves me. 就是我想做多一点，神会爱我那个偶像。
Section 3 第三段：What is the relationship between faith and good works 信心与好行为的关系是什么？Now you can all recite Romans 1：17 我们都会念罗马书1：17，义人必因信得生，that just shall live by faith，but there’s this little verse in James 2：24 但是雅各书2：24里有一节经文：you see a man is justified not only by faith but also by works or not by faith but by works 这样看来，人称义不是出于信心，乃是出于行为。
Does the Bible contradict itself 圣经有矛盾吗？No，the Bible never contradicts itself，because God never contradicts himself. 圣经不会有矛盾的，因为神从来不会自我矛盾。So our job as Bible students and teachers is to show，work very hard，to show how the Bible does not contradict itself. 所以我们读圣经的、教圣经的任务就是要尽量找到圣经是怎么样不矛盾的。
Justified by faith因信称义，justified or accepted by works靠、借着行为被神接纳，how do you put the two together？怎么把这两个放在一起？Listen carefully for the next four minutes 下面4分钟要留心听：put on your seat Belts要把你的安全带系上，we’re gonna fly to 42，000 feet，我们要到42，000英尺的很少氧气的上空：
No. 1 第一、God has commanded everybody：you must have faith and good works. 上帝向全人类吩咐你要有信心、要有好行为。You trust Jesus，you obey my law。你信耶稣，遵循我的律法。No exception没有例外的。
No. 2 第二、but nobody can do this那是没有人做得到的，nobody can trust Jesus unless the Holy Spirit changes his heart 除非圣灵改变人心，不然没一个人能够信耶稣的，unless the Holy Spirit changes our heart，nobody can do good works 除非圣灵改变你的心，没有人可以做出好行为的。God commanded，we cannot神吩咐，我做不到。你说Samuel Ling are you saying that God commands me to do something I cannot do？你说林牧师：是不是你在说神吩咐我做一些我做不到的事？Exactly right 就是！That’s why we need Jesus 所以需要耶稣！
No. 3 第三、Jesus did it 耶稣做到，complete obedience完全顺服，and the Holy Spirit changes our hearts 圣灵改变我们的心，we call that being born again 我们叫重生。So No. 3：relying on Jesus and relying on the Holy Spirit，we can believe，we can obey. 靠耶稣、靠圣灵，我们可以信耶稣、可以遵循祂的话。
No.4 第四：when I believe，when I obey，I am not a robot，I’m not AI，I’m a human being，I believe，I obey. 当我信耶稣，当我顺服的时候，是我信、我做好行为；我不是机器、我不是电脑。
No.5 第五、but my faith and what I do has no merit但是我的信、我的好行为是没有功劳的。It’s still zero. 仍然是0分的。Yes，I must do.是，我必须要做，I must believe我必须要信，after we believe我们信完之后，Luke 17：10，路17：10 says：just say I’m a worthless servant 你做完之后你就说：我是无用的仆人。
Today so many Christians wanna talk about rewards in heaven 很多基督徒今天喜欢讲奖赏，when you get to heaven 你到天上，how many jewels on your crown 你的外面有多少粒钻石？how many toilets and kitchens in your condo in heaven 你在天上的公寓有多少个厨房、多少个卧房、多少个洗手间？When I grew up as a child我从小长大的时候，no nobody dare to ask that kind of question。每人敢问这样的问题，太过羞耻的。Everything I have is undeserved我所有一切都是不配的，你还要问有多少奖赏？You still ask how many more rewards I get？Okay，no merit。没有贡献、没有功劳。
No.6 第六、but但是 Jesus died，I die with him耶稣死了，我与祂同死； Jesus rose，I rise with him耶稣复活我与祂一同复活； so God sees this sinner as somebody who has already died and risen with Christ所以上帝看下来这个罪人是与基督已经同死、同复活的。
No.7 第七、因此therefore my faith and my works it’s faith in Christ and works in Christ. 我的信心是在基督里的信心，我的行为是在基督里的行为。And God when he sees my faith，he sees Jesus上帝看到我的信心的时候。
第八、祂看到是耶稣基督，when God sees my good works，he sees Jesus. 上帝看到我的好行为的时候，祂看到耶稣。
No. 9第九、因此he accepts my faith，accepts me并且祂接纳我，接纳我的信心，and he accepts me and my good works.上帝接纳我跟我的好行为。He received my very weak prayer，faith，service，我的信心很软弱、我的祷告很软弱、我的侍奉很软弱，God justifies，God accepts. 上帝称义，上帝接纳。
I understand that in the last few minutes I just ran through nine points我知道过去几分钟讲了9个要点。If you cannot follow，no problem，it just means you’re ordinary normal human being. 你跟不上不要紧，你是正常人。This is reformation Sunday这个是宗教改革，we have to lay out the relationship between faith and good works我们一定要讲信心、要讲好行为。
In the coming months and years we can study this in more detail未来几个月几年，我们可以再细的去看。Therefore how should we then live？因此我们应该怎么活下去？Some of us take God for granted，we think the gospel is the gospel of cheap Grace我们有些人把上帝当做是理所当然的，我们觉得恩典是廉价的。Don’t temp God.不要试探神！
On the other hand另外方面，look to Jesus for the assurance that God loves you and accepts you. 反过来说，要仰望耶稣，祂爱你，祂接纳你。You will never be good enough for God 你永远不够好的，you will also never be so bad that you cannot come 你也不会坏到烂到一个地步你不能来的，everybody come每个人都来。
You see what the reformation churches 对宗教改革的教会 we don’t hold crusades我们不办布道会的。Every Sunday is an evangelistic meeting 每个主日都是布道会，every Sunday we proclaim God，law，sin，grace，Jesus. 每个星期我们都讲神、律法、罪、恩典跟耶稣基督，every Sunday每个主日；so every Sunday we say，directly or indirectly，所以每个主日我们都讲的，直接讲、间接讲：come来，come to the cross 来到十字架，come to Jesus 来到耶稣基督面前，or are you or someone you love are sick你生病吗？家人生病吗？Come to Jesus 来到耶稣基督的面前。Is your faith weak？你的信心软弱吗？Maybe you don’t care about God and today you are kind of wake up 或者你不关心神的事，今天也许你醒过来。Come to Jesus 来到神的面前，and rediscover the Bible 重新发现你手上的圣经，rediscover the gospel 重新发现福音，rediscover Jesus 重新发现主耶稣。
Let us pray我们祷告：speak to our heart oh Holy Spirit 圣灵向我们的心说话 speak to our hearts 向我们的心说话，no matter what our condition 不论我们的情况，no matter what our needs 不论我们的需要是什么，Jesus come and apply your blood，your powerful blood 主耶稣求你来赐下你的宝血跟宝血的大能，like a bomb good medicine 宝血是良药，speak to us，Holy Spirit 圣灵求你向我们说话 in Jesus name 奉耶稣的名求，阿们！
May I suggest we sing that number six to five I think Spirit of the living God two times我们再唱永生神的灵，就是我们一般开始的时候唱的那首，我们唱两次，我们请领会的来然后我们再继续 we’ll continue after we sing Spirit of the living God two times。
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