{"id":7986,"date":"2024-01-30T10:30:52","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T10:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=7986"},"modified":"2024-01-30T10:30:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T10:30:52","slug":"jiang-dao-yu-sheng-jing-shen-xue-15-sheng-jing-shen-xue-yu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=7986","title":{"rendered":"\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66_15_\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff08\u7eed\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a887e32c8c66 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 .h5vp_video_overlay p { font-size:20px }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 { width:100% }#h5vp6a887e32c8c66 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data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player7985\" id=\"player7985\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\/2017_\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\/\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66_15_\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff08\u7eed\uff09.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66<\/strong><strong>_15_<\/strong><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144&amp;ZJY(CGY)\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>Preaching and Biblical Theology Session 15\uff0c\u300a\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\uff1a\u201c\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u4e0e\u76df\u7ea6\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5723\u7ea6\uff09\u201d\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5462\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5c3c\u8bf4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5230\u8d6b\u4eba\u6240\u7acb\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b97\u65cf\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\uff0c\u7ea6\u6587\u3001\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\uff09\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The source material studied is from the period of the Hittite empire\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599\u662f\u8d6b\u4eba\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0cabout 1450 to 1200 BC\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u524d\u76841450-1200\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u3002The form was not original with the Hittites\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8d6b\u4eba\u6240\u521b\u59cb\u7684\uff0crather it was common at least to the cultures of Palestine\uff0c Syria and Asia minor\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7acb\u7ea6\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3001\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002In both time and space therefore\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cthese treaties are not a horizon which forms the background to Gods covenant-making with Israel\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u7acb\u7ea6\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u3002The basic form of the Hittites covenant was unilateral. \u8d6b\u4eba\u541b\u738b\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8c08\u5224\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002It was a covenant bound upon a vassal by a king with an oath. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u662f\u7531\u541b\u738b\u6240\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u8a93\u7ea6\u3001\u900f\u8fc7\u541b\u738b\u53d1\u8a93\u800c\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5c31\u7531\u541b\u738b\u501f\u7740\u8a93\u7ea6\u7ea6\u675f\u4ed6\u7684\u81e3\u4ec6\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u767e\u59d3\u3002It is spoken of as the sovereign&#8217;s covenant. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u67d0\u67d0\u201d\u541b\u738b\u7684\u7ea6\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7acb\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\uff08\u8fb1\u56fd\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c21\u6761\uff0c1915\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u67d0\u67d0\u201d\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u7687\u7684\u7ea6\u3002the specific obligations are his words. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u91cc\u9762\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u541b\u738b\u547d\u4ee4\u81e3\u4ec6\u8981\u5c3d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\uff08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The usual elements found in the text of this covenant form included\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u7ea6\uff08\u6761\u7ea6\uff09\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0cas summarized by Mendenhall\uff0c\u7531\u8fd9\u4f4dMendenhall\u5b66\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><strong>\u3001A Preamble\uff0c\u5e8f\u8a00<\/strong>\u3002Beginning\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff1athis says,\u201c\u67d0\u67d0\u201d, the great king\uff0c\u67d0\u67d0\u4f1f\u5927\u541b\u738b\u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e8f\u8a00\u3002And gives titles, \u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u51fa\u8fd9\u4f4d\u541b\u738b\u7684\u5934\u8854\uff0cattributes\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027and genealogy\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u5148\u662f\u8c01\u3002of the monarch who confers covenant relation upon His vassal\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5c06\u7ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bbe\u7acb\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u81e3\u4ec6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u541b\u738b\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bf4\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u5148\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5e8f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u3002In historical prolong\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u3002<\/strong>describing the King&#8217;s previous relations with His vassal\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4f4d\u541b\u738b\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u81e3\u4ec6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002This is not stereotyped\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u3001\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7684\uff0cbut gives historical data\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0cand preports to show the kings claim upon the vassal\u2019s gratitude\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u738b\u6709\u6743\u8981\u6c42\u81e3\u4ec6\u4eec\u8981\u5411\u4ed6\u611f\u6fc0\u3002it is expressing I-thou-address.\u8fd9\u6bb5\u662f\u7528\u201c\u6211\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f60\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u6253\u8d25\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e48\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u5417\uff1f\u201c\u6211\u8036\u548c\u534e\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u7684 \u795e\uff0c\u66fe\u6551\u4f60\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u4e3a\u5974\u4e4b\u5bb6\u7684\u201d\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><strong>\u3001Stipulations\uff0c\u5429\u5490\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6761\u6b3e\uff0cstipulations\uff09\u3002<\/strong>Requirements of the vassal\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u541b\u738b\u5429\u5490\u81e3\u4ec6\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\uff0cincluding the prohibition of alliances with other kings\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u81e3\u4ec6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u738b\u7ed3\u76df\uff0cand the honoring of the king&#8217;s authority as judge\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u8fd9\u4f4d\u541b\u738b\u4f5c\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u3001\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u6743\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><strong>\u3001A provision for the deposit of the written covenant in the sanctuary\uff0c<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5c06\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ea6\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5723\u6240\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b89\u6392\u6309\u65f6\u8981\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u8bf5\u8bfb\uff0cand for periodic public reading\uff0c\u8bf5\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u6587\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\"><strong>ccnci.org<\/strong><strong>\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><strong>\u3001A list of gods as witnesses\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u795e\u660e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u6587\uff08\u6761\u7ea6\uff09\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><strong>\u3001Formula of curses and blessings\uff0c\u5492\u8bc5\u4e0e\u8d50\u798f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u516d\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Mendenhall has called attention to the many striking similarities between these covenants and God&#8217;s covenant described in Exodus and Joshua. \u5b66\u8005Mendenhall\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d6b\u4eba\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b\u548c\u5728\u300a\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u8bb0\u300b\u6240\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002Clearly it is this covenant form which is used in Exodus 20: \u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b\u7b2c20\u7ae0\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cGod the sovereign binds Israel to Himself in covenant relation\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7ea6\u675f\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\u9762\u5f52\u4e8e\u7942\uff0c binds\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u201c\u7ed1\u4f4f\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3001\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09\uff0c binds\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5f52\u7942\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\u9762\u3002His claim upon them is seen in His redeeming act. \u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u3001\u6709\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7942\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u62ef\u6551\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5c5e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u3002And in covenant jealously He forbids this subjection any other lord. \u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ee5\u5fcc\u90aa\u7684\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5992\u5fcc\u201d\u6765\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u670d\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u6216\u541b\u738b\u3002In exact conformity with the covenant customs of the time, the covenants written and deposited in a specially made ark in a sanctuary of the tabernacle,\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u653e\u5b58\u5728\u5e10\u5e55\u91cc\u7684\u5723\u6240\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f5c\u7684\u7ea6\u67dc\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8ddf\u7740\u3001\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u5f53\u65f6\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8ddf\u7740\u8d6b\u4eba\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u3002Is this written form which is a testimony of witness to their precise nature to tell them bond as well as it\u2019s reality. \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ea6\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1 testimony\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u89c1\u8bc1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7ffb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7ffb\u6210\u201c\u6cd5\u5ea6\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5178\u7ae0\u201d\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ea6\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u7ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u89c1\u8bc1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u89c1\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb032:15\u6469\u897f\u8f6c\u8eab\u4e0b\u5c71\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e24\u5757\u6cd5\u7248\uff0c\u8fd9\u7248\u662f\u4e24\u9762\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u9762\u90a3\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u5b57\u3002\u5f88\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u77f3\u7248\u8fd9\u4e48\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u7ea6\u662f\u771f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u6587\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb034:29\u6469\u897f\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e24\u5757\u6cd5\u7248\u4e0b\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9762\u76ae\u56e0\u8036\u548c\u534e\u548c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bdd\u5c31\u53d1\u4e86\u5149\u3002\u6cd5\u7248\u5728\u6469\u897f\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8138\u53d1\u5149\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u7248\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554a\uff01\u8fd9\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7ea6\u662f\u771f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>This is God&#8217;s covenant\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7ea6\uff0cthe Words of Jehovah\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff01He spoke them from heaven and the people heard. \u7942\u4ece\u5929\u4e0a\u8bf4\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u542c\u5230\u3002He recorded them on tablets of stone\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u77f3\u7248\u4e0a\uff0cand Moses brought them down from the mount\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77f3\u7248\u62ff\u5230\u5c71\u4e0b\uff08\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb032:16)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5757\u7684\u77f3\u7248\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b57\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u523b\u5728\u7248\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Though the suzerainty covenant did not have to parity structure of a modern contract\uff0cthe written document was not less important. \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\u7684\u7ea6\u4e0d\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u5408\u540c\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ea6\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb034:27\u8036\u548c\u534e\u5429\u5490\u6469\u897f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u5199\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u6309\u8fd9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u4f60\u548c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u3002\u201dIn these terms\uff0c\u6309\u8fd9\u8bdd\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4f60\u548c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\uff08\u51fa34:27\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The tablets of stone are the tablets of the covenant\uff0c\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\u5c31\u662f\u7ea6\u7684\u77f3\u7248\uff0c or simply Jehovah covenant \uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\u5c31\u662f\u7ea6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7ea6\u7684\u201c\u7ea6\u6587\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5217\u738b\u8bb0\u4e0a8:21\u201c\u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3a\u7ea6\u67dc\u9884\u5907\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u7ea6\u67dc\u5185\u6709\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u7ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5217\u7956\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u5730\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\u3002\u201d\u770b\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u67dc\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u7ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\uff0c\u90a3\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u7ea6\u201d\uff08\u5217\u738b\u8bb0\u4e0a8:21\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5386\u4ee3\u5fd7\u4e0b5:10\u201c\u7ea6\u67dc\u91cc\u60df\u6709\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u540e\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u5728\u4f55\u70c8\u5c71\u6240\u653e\u7684\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u522b\u7269\u3002\u201d \u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5386\u4ee3\u5fd7\u4e0b6:11\u201c\u6211\u5c06\u7ea6\u67dc\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u67dc\u5185\u6709\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u7ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u4e0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\u3002\u201d\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u77f3\u7248\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb2\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7ea6\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u5217\u738b\u8bb0\u4e0a8:9\u201c\u7ea6\u67dc\u91cc\u60df\u6709\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u5730\u540e\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7acb\u7ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u5728\u4f55\u70c8\u5c71\u4e0a\u6240\u653e\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These tablets of stone in the arch are the heart of the Pentateuch. \u653e\u5728\u7ea6\u67dc\u91cc\u7684\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\uff0c\u662f\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6c11\u6570\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u5757\u77f3\u7248\u3002The brief Historical prologue of the covenant at Sinai is the key to understanding the whole preceding His roof Exodus. \u5728\u897f\u4e43\u5c71\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5e8f\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0cand the books of generations in Genesis as well\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bb6\u8c31\u3002The History of the Pentateuch\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0cis not political or cultural in in, \u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0cnor is it a chronicle of stirring events\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u52a8\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6216\u8005\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002It is covenant History\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\uff0c\u76df\u7ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff09\uff0cthe record of God&#8217;s dealings with the fathers\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u5217\u7956\uff0cHis covenant with Abraham\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u4e0e\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\uff0cand is renewal at Sinai\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\u5728\u897f\u4e43\u5c71\u4e0a\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u897f\u4e43\u5c71\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u7acb\u201c\u7942\u4e0e\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u6240\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The force of cutting History lies in its actuality is historicity.\u76df\u7ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\uff0chistoricity\u3002It has been noted that\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0cthe Hittite covenant did not present stylized generalities in the Historical prologue\uff0c\u8d6b\u4eba\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u91cc\u9762\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5199\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6cdb\u6cdb\u5730\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0cbut recorded specific instances of the sovereign\u2019s gracious dealings with the vassal\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5e8f\u8a00\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u541b\u738b\u5982\u4f55\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u6069\u5178\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u7684\u81e3\u4ec6\uff0c\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u8bf4\u8bf4\u201c\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4f60\u5f88\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u201c\u6211\u662f\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4f60\u7684 \u795e\u66fe\u6551\u4f60\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u4e3a\u5974\u4e4b\u5bb6\u7684\u201d\u3002As the history of the Pentateuch covenant history, so the law is a requirement of the covenant. \u6b63\u5982\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7ea6\u91cc\u9762\u541b\u738b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb024:12\u8036\u548c\u534e\u5bf9\u6469\u897f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4e0a\u5c71\u5230\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u5c06\u77f3\u7248\u5e76\u6211\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u8beb\u547d\u8d50\u7ed9\u4f60\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u8bad\u767e\u59d3\u201d \uff08\u51fa24:12\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The law is the teaching, Torah, of the way of the Lord to His people. \u5f8b\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u548c\u534e\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e3b\uff09\u6559\u5bfc\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u7942\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0cway of the Lord\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7684\u8bad\u8bf2\uff0cteaching\uff0c\u5411\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u6559\u5bfc\u7942\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002It is written in the book of the covenant\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u662f\u5199\u5728\u7ea6\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u7684\uff08\uff0c\u7ea6\u7684\u4e66\u672c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb024:4 \u6469\u897f\u5c06\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\uff09\u90fd\u5199\u4e0a\u3002\u6e05\u65e9\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5c71\u4e0b\u7b51\u4e00\u5ea7\u575b\uff0c\u6309\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5341\u4e8c\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u7acb\u5341\u4e8c\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u3002\u7b2c7\u8282\uff1a\u53c8\u5c06\u7ea6\u4e66\u5ff5\u7ed9\u767e\u59d3\u542c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u6240\u5429\u5490\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5fc5\u9075\u884c\u3002\u201d\u6469\u897f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u7684\u4e66\u5ff5\u7ed9\u767e\u59d3\u542c\u7684\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u8bb024\uff1a26\u201c\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e66\u4e0a\uff08\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u4e00\u5757\u5927\u77f3\u5934\u7acb\u5728\u6a61\u6811\u4e0b\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u5723\u6240\u65c1\u8fb9\u3002\u201d\u7ea6\u4e66\u6216\u8005\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e66\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7801\u4e8b\u7684\u3002Blessings and curses are coming also present on tablets of stone blessings and curses are coming also present on tablets of stone are expanded into Deut. 27:-28:.\u5728\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u7b2c27\u7ae0-28\u7ae0\u5462\uff0c\u5728\u77f3\u7248\u4e0a\u6240\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\u795d\u798f\u548c\u5492\u8bc5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u7b2c27-28\u7ae0\u91cc\u518d\u6269\u5927\u5730\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u7533\u547d\u201d\u8bb0\uff0c\u201c\u91cd\u7533\u201d\u5730\u518d\u8d50\u4e0b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u201c\u7533\u547d\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The complete book of the covenant written by Moses \uff0c\u6574\u672c\u6574\u5168\u7684\u7ea6\u4e66\u7531\u6469\u897f\u6240\u5199\u7684\uff0c is placed in the ark of the covenant\u5c31\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3a\u7ea6\u4f5c\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u7ea6\u67dc\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u7533\u547d\u8bb031:24-26\uff1a\u6469\u897f\u5c06\u8fd9\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u8bdd\u5199\u5728\u4e66\u4e0a\uff08\uff0c\u4e66\u4e0a\uff0c\uff09\u53ca\u81f3\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u5429\u5490\u62ac\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7ea6\u67dc\u7684\u5229\u672a\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5c06\u8fd9\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e66\u653e\u5728\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7ea6\u67dc\u65c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u89c1\u8bc1\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u201d\u201c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a7\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7ea6\u4e66\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u5429\u5490\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7167\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>God&#8217;s Word is present in the midst of His people\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u5728\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u5728\u7684\uff0cis 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