{"id":6471,"date":"2023-12-27T15:20:33","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T15:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=6471"},"modified":"2023-12-27T15:20:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T15:20:33","slug":"zhong-guo-jiao-hui-shi-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=6471","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2_01"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player6470  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player6470 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player6470{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player6470 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player6470 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div style=\"width:100%;--plyr-color-bg:#333\" class=\"h5ap_standard_player player6470\" \r\n  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href=\"mailto:ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\">ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u9886\u8896\u548c\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u4f20\u8bb0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e66\u7c4d\u662f\u7075\u4fee\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u9886\u8896\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5723\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ef0\u6155\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5904\u5883\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u60f3\u662f\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff0c\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u57281949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u8bf4\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u6216\u8005\u662f\u56fd\u8bed\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6765\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5462\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8ddf\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u6392\u65a5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u7075\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff0c\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u5b66\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u770b\u5230\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6210\u8d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u76ee\u524d\u5230\u6700\u8fd120\u5e741989\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ddf\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u592a\u6ce8\u91cd\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff0c\u4ece\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u8fdb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u90fd\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u662f\u81ea\u4ece1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5c31\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c4\u79cd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u662f\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\uff0c\u4ece\u8de8\u8d8a\u6587\u5316\u6216\u8005\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u54c8\u5f17\u5927\u5b66\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff08John King Fairbank\uff09\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u662f\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u662f\u7ed9\u523a\u6fc0\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u662f\u7ed9\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0e\u56de\u5e94\uff08Stimulus and response\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u6216\u8005\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\uff0c\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u65b9\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>6\uff0c\u4ece\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u719f\u548c\u6210\u957f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u504f\u5411\u7b2c5\u548c\u7b2c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bb2\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u5148\u9884\u544a\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e94\u6bb5\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u8fd9\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4e49\u53f2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e891800\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u534e\u4eba\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u56fdModern China\u8ffd\u5bfb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u97621989\u5e7411\u6708\uff08\u516d\u56db\u4e4b\u540e\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6700\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u8bfe\u4e66\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5230\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u3001\u699c\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e66\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ffd\u5bfb\u300b\u53f2\u666f\u8fc1\uff08Jonathan D. Spence\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8ffd\u5bfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff08The Search for Modern China\uff09\u300b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u6fb3\u6d32\u540e\u88d4\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u5728\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u5728\u62ab\u8428\u7684\u9910\u9986\u5199\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ece\u660e\u671d\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bd7\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6765\u8bb2\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u4ece\u660e\u671d\u52301989\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7684\u3002\u505a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b58\u7559\u751a\u81f3\u590d\u5174\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u534e\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u4ece\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u57281905\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u897f\u65b9\u6839\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u4ece\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e891840\u5e74\u548c1839\u5e74\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ffd\u5bfb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5165\u5230\u4e16\u8d38\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e5f\u4e3e\u529e\u4e862008\u5e74\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u7559\u590d\u5174\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u519b\u9600\u65f6\u671f\u662f1915\u52301927\u5e74\uff0c1911\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u6743\u529b\u5728\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u548c\u519b\u9600\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8881\u4e16\u51ef1916\u5e74\u590d\u8f9f\u4e4b\u540e\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u6240\u4ee51916-1927\u5e74\u662f\u519b\u9600\u65f6\u671f\uff0c1927\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u653f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ecd\u7136\u519b\u9600\u5728\u5272\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8ddf\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e00\u76f4\u52301949\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9769\u547d1949\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9769\u547d1966-1976\u5230\u56db\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u4e16\u8d38\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u590d\u82cf\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u8ddf\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u7528\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7ecf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e1800\u5e74\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u795e\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd940\u5e74\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u65b0\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u8ddf\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u548c\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6216\u8005\u8fdb\u53e3\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u6b27\u7f8e\u8ddf\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8ddf\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96be\u602a\u9999\u6e2f\u76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