{"id":5842,"date":"2023-12-09T12:16:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T12:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=5842"},"modified":"2023-12-09T12:16:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-09T12:16:17","slug":"%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e6%94%b9%e9%9d%a9%e4%b8%8e%e5%bd%93%e4%bb%a3%e6%95%99%e4%bc%9a%ef%bc%9a%e6%94%b9%e6%95%99%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8500%e5%b9%b4_03_%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e5%9b%a0%e4%bf%a1%e7%a7%b0%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=5842","title":{"rendered":"\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6559\u4f1a\uff1a\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8500\u5e74_03_\u8ba4\u8bc6\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e0e\u5f52\u6b63\u8fd0\u52a8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e541a8a225 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e541a8a225 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e541a8a225 { border-radius:0px 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C. Baur\u9c8d\u5c14\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0cBaur\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5206\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u667a\u6167\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u8c01\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\uff1f\u54ea\u4e2a\u798f\u97f3\uff1f\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u5386\u53f2\u8fa8\u522b\u5b66\uff0cHistorical Criticism\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u65e7\u662f\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4eba\u5199\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u5199\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u8bfb\u4e00\u70b9\u300a\u8c01\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\uff1f\u54ea\u4e2a\u798f\u97f3\uff1f\u300b\u7b2c11\u9875\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u3002Baur\u5bf9\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6b21\u7b49\u548c\u4e09\u7b49\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u8d28\u7591\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u5206\u5bb6\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e9\u65e9\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6000\u7591\u65b0\u7ea6\u768413\u523014\u5377\u4e66\u4fe1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u5199\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u628a\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u5206\u6210\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u91cc\u2014\u2014\u6211\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bfb\u7b2c11\u9875\u2014\u2014Baur\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014Positivism\u2014\u2014\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u8db3\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8eab\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e2\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6279\u5224\u660e\u8fa8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u6210\u719f\u957f\u5927\u4e86\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3\u4f1a\u900f\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6279\u5224\u539f\u59cb\u548c\u843d\u540e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5462\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64Baur\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fc7\u53bb\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0cBaur\u5206\u6790\u53f2\u6599\u51fa\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u63a8\u65ad\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4fdd\u7f57\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u4f60\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7f57\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u81ea\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u662f\u4e24\u7801\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e8c\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u597d\u51e0\u5341\u79cd\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d3e\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u634f\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002Baur\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8def\u52a0\u7f16\u5199\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0cBaur\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u53cd\u6620\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u5173\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5b9e\u51b5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u8fa8\u522b\u5b66\uff08Historical Criticism\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u8c13\u9ad8\u7b49\u6279\u5224\uff08Higher Criticism\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6362\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4ed6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u795e\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\u4e66\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e66\u5377\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u65e0\u7f2a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u7ecf\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u6574\u672c\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u90a3\u89e3\u7ecf\u5c31\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f2\u6599\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u3001\u4e00\u53e5\u4e00\u53e5\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u5377\u4e00\u5377\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u5305\u62ec\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u65b0\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u8bfb\u5b8c\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u53ef\u4f20\uff0c\u8bf4\u8036\u548c\u534e\u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4ece\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5438\u6536\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u4e0e\u89e3\u7ecf\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u9662\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u6837\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6628\u5929\u8bf4\u5230\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u8bb2\u89e3\u8bd7\u7bc7\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u3001\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e49\u4eba\u5fc5\u56e0\u4fe1\u5f97\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u4f5c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff0cJustification by Faith\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u53c8\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u626f\u5230\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u50cf\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u3001\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u3001\u9648\u65e7\u7684\u3001\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<a href=\"mailto:ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\">ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7ecf\u8fc7\u539f\u6587\u89e3\u7ecf\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6240\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u3001\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e0b40\u672c\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u6ce8\u91ca\u5c31\u670920\u591a\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb2\u7ae0\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u4e00\u8bb2\u5230\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u662f\u9648\u65e7\u7684\u3001\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7ecf\u6cd5\u6240\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u60c5\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u8def\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u2014\u2014\u8bba\u79f0\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1a\u51e1\u8499\u795e\u6709\u6548\u6069\u53ec\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u795e\u767d\u767d\u5730\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4e49\u6ce8\u5165\u2014\u2014Infuse\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u8336\u53f6\u7684\u5473\u9053\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8c46\u6d46\u4ece\u9ebb\u5e03\u888b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u6ce8\u5165\u800c\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8d66\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u529f\u52b3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u987a\u670d\u5f52\u7b97\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u4e43\u662f\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u987a\u670d\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u987a\u670d\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4e49\u5f52\u7b97\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u51ed\u4fe1\u5fc3\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u4e14\u4f9d\u9760\u7942\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u548c\u7942\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u539f\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u795e\u6240\u8d50\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u5ba3\u79f0\u3001\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b98\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba3\u5e03\u88ab\u544a\u8005\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\u662f\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u7528\u7f6a\u5b7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u540d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f6a\u540d\u6216\u8005\u7f6a\u5b7d\u632a\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u79f0\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u914d\u7684\u7f6a\u4eba\u65e0\u7f6a\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e49\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7f6a\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb2\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5b9d\u8840\u8ba9\u7942\u6216\u8005\u7236\u795e\u8d66\u514d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u8d66\u514d\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u6551\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d66\u514d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6551\u6069\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7942\u6240\u62e3\u9009\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u4e70\u8d4e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8499\u6069\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u7942\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u7942\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6a\u5b7d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6839\u636e\u4ec0\u4e48\u5ba3\u544a\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u5b7d\u88ab\u632a\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u7231\u5b50\u6765\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u795e\u4eba\u4e8c\u6027\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u7942\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u6d3b\u4e8633\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8fd933\u5e74\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u7942\u5b8c\u5168\u9075\u5b88\u7236\u795e\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u987a\u670d\u7942\u7684\u7236\u3002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T. Wright\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6cd5\u56fd\u65b0\u89c2\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u662f\u5927\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9648\u65e7\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u79f0\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u597d\u50cf\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u6254\u5230\u6cd5\u5ead\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u544a\u8005\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u7528\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u4e22\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u53e6\u7c7b\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5ead\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u628a\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u7684\u7231\u5b50\u6240\u8d5a\u6765\u7684\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u6254\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u7b97\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u8005\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u3001\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u5ea6\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7b97\u7f6a\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6a\u5b7d\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u7b97\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5ba3\u544a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f6a\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u521a\u624d\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u51e1\u8499\u795e\u6709\u6548\u6069\u53ec\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u795e\u767d\u767d\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u4e49\u6ce8\u5165\u2014\u2014Infuse\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u800c\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u4e43\u662f\u8d66\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529f\u52b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u521a\u624d\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u5230\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u4e49\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u5377\u4e09\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u89c9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6Andreas Osiander\uff08\u5fb7\u8bed\uff09\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aAndreas Osiander\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u4e9a\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\uff0cGrace is infused through sacraments\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea634\u8857\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u9644\u8fd1\u6392\u961f\u4e70\u7968\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7a7f\u7740\u5496\u5561\u989c\u8272\u888d\u5b50\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u5947\u5730\u95ee\u4ed6\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u5bfc\uff1aGrace is infused through sacraments\uff1f\u900f\u8fc7\u5723\u793c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u628a\u7942\u7684\u6069\u5178\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u91cc\u9762\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u662f\uff0c\u662f\uff0c\u662f\uff01\u5f53\u7136\u662f\uff01\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u6765\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u6551\u6069\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u6ef4\u5730\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9886\u5f25\u6492\u3001\u6bcf\u6b21\u8ba4\u7f6a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9886\u53d7\u6d17\u793c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u5723\u793c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u6ef4\u4e00\u6ef4\u5730\u628a\u6069\u5178\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u6551\u6069\u2014\u2014\u704c\u6ce8\u5728\u3001\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f8e\u5176\u540d\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u6210\u5723\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u79f0\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u4e49\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u5f52\u7b97\u7ed9\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u501f\u7740\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u3001\u9886\u53d7\u4e86\u3001\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u795e\u8981\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u7f6a\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\u3001\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u7b97\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e49\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u4ece\u4eca\u4ee5\u540e\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u7b97\u7ed9\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u79f0\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u6210\u5723\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u3001\u5723\u7075\u5728\u6211\u91cc\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u3001\u5851\u9020\u6211\u3001\u518d\u521b\u9020\u6211\u3001\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6211\u3001\u5e26\u9886\u7740\u6211\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5929\u628a\u7f6a\u6cbb\u6b7b\u3001\u6253\u6b7b\u5b83\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5929\u50cf\u795e\u3001\u5411\u4e49\u800c\u6d3b\u3002\u6210\u5723\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u7075\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u795e\u4ece\u5916\u6765\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u548c\u5f52\u7b97\uff0c\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u6210\u5723\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u548c\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u51b3\u5fd7\u3001\u505a\u4e2a\u7977\u544a\u3001\u7b7e\u4e2a\u5361\u3001\u8d70\u5230\u53f0\u524d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u505a\u4e2a\u7977\u544a\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u662f\u51b3\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7b7e\u4e2a\u5361\u3001\u4e3e\u4e2a\u624b\u3001\u8d70\u5230\u53f0\u524d\u3002\u4fe1\u662f\u5fc3\u5e95\u91cc\u9762\u4fe1\u9760\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u5206\u6ce8\u91cd\u5916\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u4fe1\u5fc3\u662f\u4ece\u91cc\u9762\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u6210\u5723\u5206\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u548c\u540e\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u6210\u5723\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u8bb2\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u9762\u524d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u5723\u662f\u5723\u7075\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u6539\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5947\u5999\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6559\u5bfc\u3001\u660e\u767d\u3001\u6b23\u8d4f\u3001\u73cd\u8d35\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5316\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5316\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u884c\u52a8\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u4e9b\u597d\u50cf\u67d0\u4e9b\u7684\u8bb2\u5458\u8bf4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\u662f\u9b54\u9b3c\u7684\u4f0e\u4fe9\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u53eb\u4eba\u653e\u7eb5\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u6765\u9075\u5b88\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u987a\u670d\u795e\uff0c\u8fc7\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u800c\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u660e\u767d\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4fdd\u7f57\u4ece\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7b2c3\u3001\u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8bb2\u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Servetus\uff08<a 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Gilbert Eddy 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\u597d\u4e86\uff0c19\u5c81\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0cWilliam 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD\">\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed<\/a>\uff1aLucius Annaeus 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