{"id":4870,"date":"2023-11-26T09:01:01","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T09:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=4870"},"modified":"2023-11-26T09:01:01","modified_gmt":"2023-11-26T09:01:01","slug":"%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f%e6%8a%a4%e6%95%99%e5%ad%a6_14_%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8cpriori-%e5%92%8c%e5%90%8e%e9%aa%8cposteriori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=4870","title":{"rendered":"\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_14_\u5148\u9a8cPriori \u548c\u540e\u9a8cPosteriori"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e523cc46da .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da .h5vp_video_overlay p { font-size:20px }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da { width:100% }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da .h5vp_popup svg { background:#1ABAFF }#h5vp6a3e523cc46da .h5vp_video_overlay p:hover { color:#222 } <\/style>         <div>\r\n        <div data-unique-id=\"6a3e523cc5831\" class=\"h5vp_player h5vp_player_initializer\" id=\"h5vp6a3e523cc46da\" data-settings='{&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:{&quot;play-large&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;restart&quot;:&quot;mobile&quot;,&quot;rewind&quot;:&quot;mobile&quot;,&quot;play&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;fast-forward&quot;:&quot;mobile&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;current-time&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;captions&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;:&quot;show&quot;,&quot;pip&quot;:&quot;mobile&quot;,&quot;airplay&quot;:&quot;mobile&quot;,&quot;download&quot;:&quot;hide&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:&quot;show&quot;},&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:true,&quot;seek&quot;:true},&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;loop&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false},&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;hideControls&quot;:true,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:true,&quot;captions&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:true,&quot;update&quot;:true},&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ads&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false}},&quot;infos&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4868,&quot;startTime&quot;:0,&quot;autoplayWhenVisible&quot;:false,&quot;popup&quot;:false,&quot;popupBtnExists&quot;:false,&quot;popupBtnClass&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:false,&quot;stickyPosition&quot;:&quot;top-right&quot;,&quot;protected&quot;:false,&quot;video&quot;:{&quot;source&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/ccnci.org\\\/video\\\/ccnci\\\/2011_\\u5723\\u7ecf\\u62a4\\u6559\\u5b66\\\/\\u5723\\u7ecf\\u62a4\\u6559\\u5b66_14_\\u5148\\u9a8cPriori \\u548c\\u540e\\u9a8cPosteriori\\\/playlist.m3u8&quot;,&quot;poster&quot;:false,&quot;quality&quot;:[],&quot;subtitle&quot;:[]},&quot;provider&quot;:&quot;library&quot;,&quot;branding&quot;:false,&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Again&quot;},&quot;endscreen&quot;:false,&quot;endscreen_text&quot;:&quot;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.&quot;,&quot;endscreen_text_link&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/&quot;,&quot;streaming&quot;:true,&quot;propagans&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;streamingType&quot;:&quot;hls&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false,&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:false,&quot;FYT&quot;:false,&quot;chapters&quot;:[],&quot;isCDURL&quot;:false,&quot;CDURL&quot;:false,&quot;watermark&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;email&quot;,&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;saveState&quot;:true,&quot;count&quot;:false,&quot;captionEnabled&quot;:false,&quot;analyticsEnabled&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;}}' video-id=\"778\" style=\"--plyr-color-main: #1ABAFF;\">\r\n            <div id=\"\" class=\"h5vp_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- sticky close  -->\r\n\t\t\t<!-- <div class=\"sticky_close\">&times;<\/div> -->\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"popup_close_btn\">&times;<\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"h5vp_popup_overlay\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- for library  -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<video   data-poster=\"\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\tpreload=\"auto\"\r\n                                                            >\r\n                    <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/ccnci\/2011_\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\/\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_14_\u5148\u9a8cPriori%20\u548c\u540e\u9a8cPosteriori\/playlist.m3u8\" size=\"720\" type=\"video\/mp4\"\/>\r\n                                        \r\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/video>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<!-- for youtube -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <style>\r\n .player4869  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player4869 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player4869{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player4869 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player4869 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div style=\"width:100%;--plyr-color-bg:#333\" class=\"h5ap_standard_player player4869\" \r\n  data-poster=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/html5-audio-player-pro\/shortcode\/player\/sticky-default.jpg\" \r\n  data-skin=\"default\" \r\n  data-title=\"Audio Title\" \r\n  data-song=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/ccnci\/2011_\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\/\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_14_\u5148\u9a8cPriori \u548c\u540e\u9a8cPosteriori.mp3\" \r\n  data-id=\"4869\" \r\n  data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player4869\" id=\"player4869\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/ccnci\/2011_\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\/\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_14_\u5148\u9a8cPriori \u548c\u540e\u9a8cPosteriori.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8bfe<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u52a0\u7acb&amp;Jireh.k\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u00a0\u51dd\u9999\u767e\u5408\u59d0\u59b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u4f4d\u5f1f\u5144\u59d0\u59b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c14\u8bfe\uff0c\u6797\u524d1\uff1a18\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u9053\u7406\u5728\u90a3\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u611a\u62d9\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u7ecf\u4e0a\u6240\u8bb0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u706d\u7edd\u667a\u6167\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5e9f\u5f03\u806a\u660e\u4eba\u7684\u806a\u660e\u3002\u201d\u667a\u6167\u4eba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u6587\u58eb\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u8fa9\u58eb\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u53eb\u8fd9\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u6167\u53d8\u6210\u611a\u62d9\u5417\uff1f\u4e16\u4eba\u51ed\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u667a\u6167\u65e2\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c31\u4e50\u610f\u7528\u4eba\u5f53\u4f5c\u611a\u62d9\u7684\u9053\u7406\u62ef\u6551\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e86\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u662f\u8981\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u5e0c\u5229\u5c3c\u4eba\u662f\u6c42\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u662f\u4f20\u9489\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e3a\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4e3a\u611a\u62d9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u90a3\u8499\u53ec\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u5e0c\u5229\u5c3c\u4eba\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u603b\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u611a\u62d9\u603b\u6bd4\u4eba\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u603b\u6bd4\u4eba\u5f3a\u58ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7977\u544a\uff1a\u5929\u7236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u656c\u62dc\u4f60\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u611a\u62d9\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f60\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u9760\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9876\u649e\u4f60\u3002\u6c42\u4e3b\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u5730\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7a8d\uff0c\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u54ea\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u670d\u5728\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u67c4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u9075\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53c8\u53eb\u6211\u4eec\u6d3b\u7528\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u670d\u4f8d\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u795e\u7528\u7962\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u6765\u7ea0\u6b63\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4e3b\uff01\u5723\u7075\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a8\u5de5\uff0c\u601c\u60af\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6d01\u51c0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\uff0c\u5949\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5723\u540d\u6c42\uff0c\u963f\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bfe\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bb2\u524d\u63d0\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8bb2\u5230\u5148\u9a8c\u4e0e\u540e\u9a8c\uff08<em>A Priori \u3001A Posteriori<\/em>\uff09\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7275\u626f\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49(<em>empiricism<\/em>)\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u9760\u7ecf\u9a8c\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u540e\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5462\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6765\u80af\u5b9a\u4f60\u672c\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u989c\u8272\u554a\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u554a\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u554a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f60\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e86\u3002\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5426\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u900f\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82e5\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u7684(things <em>in itself<\/em>)\u79d1\u5b66\u8ddf\u7406\u6027\u662f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u4e9b\u67d0\u79cd\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u85c9\u7740\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u9a8c\u7684\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<strong>\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong>\u54c8\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5408\u7406\uff08<em>Meaning and Rationality<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u5408\u7406\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u8981\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5047\u5982\u662f\u771f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u9a8c\u7684\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5462\uff1f<strong>\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c<\/strong>\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u771f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8981\u6709\u4e9b\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u8005\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u662f\u4e00\u3001\u4f17\u591a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u8303\u7574\u4f1a\u88ab\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u5b57\u554a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e09\u56db\u554a\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u552f\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b66\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<em>Idealism<\/em>\uff09\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49(<em>Fichte, Schelling,<\/em> \u9ed1\u683c\u5c14)\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49(<em>Green, Bradley, Bosanquet<\/em>)\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8d85\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u5374\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e3b\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\u662f\u8ddf\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\u662f\u4e24\u7801\u4e8b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5370\u6210\u5c0f\u4e66<em>God and Ideals<\/em>\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9884\u8bbe\u4e00\u8bcd\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u662f\u501f\u7528\u4ece\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5bf9\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u91cd\u89c6\u9884\u8bbe\u7684 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u8870\u5fae\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5b66\u6d3e\u4ecd\u7136\u6ce8\u91cd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff08<em>Phenomenology<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08<em>existentialists<\/em>\uff09\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03(<em>life world<\/em>)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u63d0\u6216\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>Ludwig Wittenstein<\/em>\u7ef4\u6839\u65af\u5766\u8bf4\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f(<em>form of life<\/em>)\u6216\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f(<em>language game<\/em>)\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f60\u5148\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\uff08<em>Philosophy of Science<\/em>\uff09\u4e5f\u6ce8\u91cd\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\uff08<em>Michael Polanyi<\/em>\uff09\u4ed6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bc6(<em>tacit knowledge<\/em>)\u8fd8\u6709\u5b54\u6069(<em>Thomas Kuhn<\/em>)\u7684\u5178\u8303(<em>paradigm<\/em>)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4ee3\u6a21\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u6a21\u7684\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u6a21\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<a href=\"mailto:ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\">ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u662f\u575a\u6301\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u5148\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8be0\u91ca\u7406\u8bba\u8005\uff08<em>hermeneutical theorists<\/em>\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f60\u5148\u8981\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d9\u8ff0\uff08<em>a story<\/em>\uff09\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5462\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c9f\u901a\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u592a\u591a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6279\u5224\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6279\u5224\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u5462,\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8ba4\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff01\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u7279\u91cc\u8fbe\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff08<em>assertion of presuppositions<\/em>\uff09\u6216\u8005\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u624b\u8155\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>10<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5fc5\u9700\u5904\u7406\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6216\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u5bb6 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u79f0\u804c\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5bb6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e25\u8083\u5904\u7406\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u9884\u8bbe\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u62a4\u6559\u5bb6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8981\u5904\u7406\u524d\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><strong>\u3001Reid \u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u5f71\u54cd Sproul \u7684\u53e4\u5178\u6d3e\u62a4\u6559\u5b66 \u2013\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u9a6c\u2027\u745e\u5fb7 (<em>Thomas Reid<\/em>)\u4ed6\u662f(<em>common sense realism<\/em>)\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\u3002(<em>Thomas Reid<\/em>)\u745e\u5fb7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u8001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u8d3a\u6cbb\u548c\u534e\u5c14\u83f2\u7279\u62a4\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e0d\u540c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4<em>R.C. Sproul, John Gerstner, Arthur Lindsley<\/em>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u6d3e\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u90a3\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\u9884\u8bbe\u5728\u62a4\u6559\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5728\u62a4\u6559\u65f6\u5019\u3001\u8bba\u8bc1\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u600e\u4e48\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5173\u6000\u5eb7\u5fb7\u95ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4f60\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e = \u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\uff01 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u540e\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u8d2c\u4f4e\u540e\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08<em>Gordon Clark<\/em>\uff09\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u3002\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u5426\u8ba4\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u611f\u77e5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u80af\u5b9a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6839\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u62a4\u6559\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5404\u4f4d\u542c\u4f17\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u5e0c\u5947\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u80af\u5b9a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6839\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5927\u9898\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u300bDefenes of the Faith\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u7684258\u9875\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u5c06\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\uff08Induction\u3001Deduction\uff09\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u7528\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a8\u7406\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u62bd\u79bb\u6216\u8005\u5206\u5272\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u8ddf\u5206\u6790\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be0\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248258\u9875\uff09\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8d5e\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5305\u62ec\u5411\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u53d1\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u5411\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u63d0\u51fa\u4f60\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u54f2\u5b66\uff1f\u9700\u8981\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0a\uff08\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b170\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u9644\u52a0\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u56de\u5e94\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5bf9\u540e\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u63a8\u7406\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u3001\u591a\u5143\u89c6\u89d2 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u6bb5\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u548c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5143\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u89c1\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u662f\u591a\u5143\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u542f\u793a\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e34\u5728\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ed6\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u4ece\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u540e\u9a8c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4e09\u4e00\u771f\u795e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u4e09\u800c\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u4e00\u800c\u4f17\uff0c\u662f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u548c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u5bfb\u6c42\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u6789\u7136\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5076\u50cf\u656c\u62dc\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u82e5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u82e5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><strong>\u3001\u300c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u610f\u4e49 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\u3002\u6211<strong>\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u5148\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u77e5\u8bc6\u89c2\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u6548\u4eff\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u800c\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u89c1\u5728\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\u542f\u793a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u6240\u6709\u8303\u7574\u91cc\u9762\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u771f\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542f\u793a\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u9a8c\u8d50\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5de6\u53f3\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ece\u540e\u9a8c\u5f53\u4e2d\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5723\u7075\u5149\u7167\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u9886\u53d7\u542f\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u4ee5\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5148\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u4e3a\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u4e3a\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u662f\u4e24\u7801\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\u3001\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u79f0\u547c\u4ed6\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u660e\u767d\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6765\u770b\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u73b0\u5728\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u524d\u63d0\u6216\u8005\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff08\u59d4\u8eab\uff09 \u2013 \u5085\u5170\u59c6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4ed6\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u6216\u8005\u9884\u8bbe\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed9\u5b83\u4e0b\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\u9884\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u575a\u6301\u6216\u8005\u662f\u59d4\u8eab\uff08<em>basic heart commitment<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u575a\u6301\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u90a3\u4f4d\u5728\u7942\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7528\u522b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u795e\u5462\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u554a\u3001\u6b22\u4e50\u3001\u94b1\u8d22\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f46\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u638c\u63a7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\uff08\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u672c83\u9875\u548c216\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u771f\u8fd8\u662f\u5047\uff0c\u5bf9\u6216\u8005\u9519\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002<strong>\u518d\u6765<\/strong>\u54c8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u51c6\u5219\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u771f\u4e0e\u5047\u3001\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u5b83\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\ufe55\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9884\u8bbe<\/strong><strong>\uf020<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684the unbeliever unconsciously concede that God exists all opposes God exists\u3002\u5728\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u63d0\u6216\u8005\u9884\u8bbe\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u529d\u544a\u62a4\u6559\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<strong>\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong>\u54c8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5f53\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684he is still really pleased opposing God\uff08\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u300b13\u9875CTK, 13.\uff09\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5f53\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u9884\u8bbe\u795e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5462\uff1f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ed6\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u85c9\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<strong>\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong>\u554a\uff0c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ed6\u85c9\u7740\u5047\u8bbe\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4ed6\u6240\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u3001\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u8fd9\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u613f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8bdd\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u9884\u8bbe\u4e8b\u7269\ufe55\u5fc5\u9700\u6761\u4ef6 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u9700\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5728\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9884\u8bbe\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8bba\u636e\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\u88ab\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6761\u4ef6(you presupposed a necessary condition)\u3002\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20(legitimizer)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a<em>X<\/em>\uff0c \u9884\u8bbe\u4e86<em>Y<\/em>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<em>X<\/em>\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c<em>Y<\/em>\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u501f\u7740\u516c\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u540c\u610f\u8bcd\ufe55\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u70b9 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u9884\u8bbe\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u70b9(<em>starting point<\/em>)\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u70b9(<em>reference point<\/em>)\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u300a\u795e\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u7684125-126\u9875\uff09\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u70b9\u3001\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u542b\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u9884\u8bbe\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406 =\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8d85\u9a8c\u8bba\u8bc1 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u63a8\u7406(<em>reasoning by presupposition<\/em>)\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u8d85\u9a8c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u63d0\u5021\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bef\u4f1a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5462\u628a\u9884\u8bbe\u8bef\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe(<em>assumption<\/em>)\u4e00\u79cd\u968f\u610f\u9009\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u6027\u6839\u636e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u859b\u534e\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5acc\u7591\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5bf9\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6700\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u89c1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9884\u8bbe\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u601d\u8003\u624d\u7528\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff08<em>hypothesis<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u867d\u7136(<em>E.J. Carnell<\/em>)\u5bcc\u52d2\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u7684\u9662\u957f\u5361\u8010\u5c14\u662f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u89c2\u7684hypothesis\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6765\u8bf4\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684(<em>categorical<\/em>)\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f(<em>hypothetical<\/em>)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u9884\u8bbe\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9884\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6697\u793a\u9884\u8bbe\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5148\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9884\u8bbe\u4e2d\u201c\u9884\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u201c\u81f3\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u6700\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6765\u8bf4\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u610f\u8bc6\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\uff08\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u672c77\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8bfe \u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u52a0\u7acb&amp;Jireh.k\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u00a0\u51dd\u9999\u767e\u5408\u59d0\u59b9 \u5404\u4f4d\u5f1f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-75"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4870"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4870\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}