{"id":476,"date":"2023-09-24T10:13:51","date_gmt":"2023-09-24T10:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=476"},"modified":"2023-09-24T10:14:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T10:14:06","slug":"%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6%e5%af%bc%e8%ae%ba_%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb_031c_%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%9d%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%af%e4%bc%a0%e8%be%be%e7%9a%84%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=476","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba_\u9605\u8bfb_031C_\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5c5e\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE INCOMUNICABLE ATTRIBUTES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(God as Absolute Being)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[Louis Berkhof, <em>Systematic Theology<\/em>, pp. 57-63.]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ABSOLUTE IN PHILOSOPHY <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u5b66\u754c\u5e38\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u662f\u6307\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81f3\u7ec8\u6839\u57fa\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81f3\u7ec8\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e0e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e8b\u60c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684 <em>absolutus<\/em> \uff0c<em>ab<\/em>\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4ece\u300d\uff0c<em>solvere<\/em> \u5c31\u662f\u300c\u91ca\u653e\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u6761\u4ef6\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u6216\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff08\u300c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u300d\u6216\u300c\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff08\u300c\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7455\u75b5\u7684\uff08\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u5728\u5206\u8fa8\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u7075\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5916\u8868\u6216\u5b9e\u8d28\uff08\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u300c\u81f3\u7ec8\u5b9e\u4f53\u300d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>It has been quite common in theology to speak of God as the absolute Being.\u00a0 At the same time the term \u201cabsolute\u201d is more characteristic of philosophy than it is of theology.\u00a0 In metaphysics the term \u201cthe Absolute\u201d is a designation of the ultimate ground of all existence; and because the theist also speaks of God as the ultimate ground of all existence, it is sometimes thought that the Absolute of philosophy and the God of theism are one and the same.\u00a0 But that is not necessarily so.\u00a0 In fact the usual conception of the Absolute renders it impossible to equate it with the God of the Bible and of Christian theology.\u00a0 The term \u201cAbsolute\u201d is derived from the Latin <em>absolutus<\/em>, a compound of <em>ab<\/em> (from) and <em>solvere <\/em>(to loosen), and thus means free as to condition, or free from limitation or restraint.\u00a0 This fundamental thought was worked out in various ways, so that the Absolute was regarded as that which is free from all conditions (the Unconditioned or Self-Existent), from all relations (the Unrelated), from all imperfections (the Perfect), or from all phenomenal differences or distinctions, such as matter and spirit, being and attributes, subject and object, appearance and reality (the Real, or Ultimate Reality).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7b49\u540c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Absolute of Philosophy: One with the God of Theology? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\u7b49\u540c\uff1f\u8fd9\u8981\u770b\u6bcf\u4eba\u5bf9\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002Spinoza \u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u5b58\u6709 (one Self-subsistent Being)\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u89c6\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u89c6\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u548c\u90fd\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u4e00\u4e2d\u548c\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7b49\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Bradley \u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e0e\u65e0\u6709 (nothing) \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fd9\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002Bradley \u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5f53\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u8005\u300d\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u5207\u5b9e\u5b58\u7684\u81f3\u7ec8\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u6216\u552f\u4e00\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u00a0(one self-existent Being)\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7b49\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u4efb\u4f55<strong><em>\u5fc5\u987b<\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7942\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5<strong><em>\u81ea\u7531<\/em><\/strong>\u5730\u4e0e\u7942\u6240\u9020\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6216\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u9020\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff1b\u7942\u53ef\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u7942\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The answer to the question, whether the Absolute of philosophy can be identified with the God of theology, depends on the conception one has of the Absolute.\u00a0 If Spinoza conceives of the Absolute as the one Self-subsistent Being of which all particular things are but transient modes, thus identifying God and the world, we cannot share his view of this Absolute as God.\u00a0 When Hegel views the Absolute as the unity of thought and being, as the totality of all things, which includes all relations, and in which all the discords of the present are resolved in perfect unity, we again find it impossible to follow him in regarding this Absolute as God.\u00a0\u00a0 And when Bradley says that his Absolute is related to nothing, and that there cannot be any practical relation between it and the finite will, we agree with him that his Absolute cannot be the God of the Christian religion, for this God does enter into relations with finite creatures. Bradley cannot conceive of the God of religion as other than a finite God.\u00a0 But when the Absolute is defined as the First Cause of all existing things, or as the ultimate ground of all reality, or as the one self-existent Being, it can be considered as identical with the God of theology.\u00a0 He is the Infinite One, who does not exist in any <em>necessary<\/em> relations, because He is self-sufficient, but at the same time can <em>freely<\/em> enter into various relations with His creation as a whole and with His creatures.\u00a0 While the incommunicable attributes emphasize the absolute Being of God, the communicable attributes stress the fact that He enters into various relations with His creatures.\u00a0 In the present chapter the following perfections of God come into consideration.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\u6027<\/strong><strong>THE SELF-EXISTENCE OF GOD<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u6837\u8868\u8fbe\ufe55\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u56e0 (<em>causa sui<\/em>)\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u7942\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6027\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7942\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u300c\u81ea\u5b58\u300d\u00a0 (<em>aseitas<\/em>) \u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u300c\u72ec\u7acb\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3 (<em>independentia<\/em>)\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7942\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\ufe55\u5728\u7942\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\ufe55\u88ab\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e0e\u300c\u81ea\u5b58\u300d\u5dee\u5f97\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u82e5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u81ea\u613f\u4e0e\u4e07\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u6837\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u4f9d\u9760\u7942\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u300c\u81ea\u5b58\u300d\u4ee5\u7942\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u300c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u300d\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u5b58\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u7942\u5728\u7942\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f35\ufe5526\ufe55\u300c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236\u600e\u6837\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5c31\u8d50\u7ed9\u7942\u513f\u5b50\u4e5f\u7167\u6837\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u751f\u547d\u300d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u9760\u7942\u800c\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u8bd794\ufe558ff\uff1b\u8d5b40\ufe5518ff\uff1b\u5f927\ufe5525\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u7942\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7f5711\ufe5533-34\uff0c\u5728\u7942\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f464\ufe5535\uff1b\u7f579\uff1b19\uff1b\u5f171\uff1b5\uff1b\u542f4\ufe5511\uff1b\u5728\u7942\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u4e0a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u8bd7115\ufe553\uff1b\u5728\u7942\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u8bd733\ufe5511\u3002<\/p>\n<p>God is self-existent, that is, He has the ground of His existence in Himself. This idea is sometimes expressed by saying that He is <em>causa sui<\/em> (His own cause), but this expression is hardly accurate, since God is the uncaused, who exists by the necessity of His own Being, and therefore necessarily.\u00a0 Man, on the other hand, does not exist necessarily, and has the cause of his existence outside of himself.\u00a0 The idea of God\u2019s existence was generally expressed by the term <em>aseitas<\/em>, meaning self-originated, but Reformed theologians quite generally substituted for it the word <em>independentia<\/em> (independence), as expressing, not merely that God is independent in His Being, but also that He is independent in everything else: in His virtues, decrees, works, and so on.\u00a0 It may be said that there is a faint trace of this perfection in the creature, but this can only mean that the creature, though absolutely dependent, yet has its own distinct existence.\u00a0\u00a0 But, of course, this falls far short of being self-existent.\u00a0 This attribute of God is generally recognized, and is implied in heathen religions and in the Absolute of philosophy.\u00a0 When the Absolute is conceived of as the self-existent and as the ultimate ground of all things, which voluntarily enters into various relations with other beings, it can be identified with the God of theology.\u00a0\u00a0 As the self-existent God, He is not only independent in Himself, but also causes everything to depend on Him.\u00a0 This self-existence of God finds expression in the name Jehovah.\u00a0 It is only as the self-existent and independent One that God can give the assurance that He will remain eternally the same in relation to His people.\u00a0 Additional indications of it are found in the assertion in John 5:26, \u201cFor as the Father hath life in Himself, even so gave He to the Son also to have life in Himself\u201d; in the declaration that He is independent of all things and that all things exist only through Him, Ps. 94:8ff.; Isa. 40:18ff.; Acts 7:25; and in statements implying that He is independent in His thought, Rom. 11:33,34, and in His will, Dan. 4:35; Rom. 9:19; Eph. 1:5; Rev. 4:11, in His power, Ps. 115:3, and in His counsel, Ps. 33:11.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027<\/strong><strong>THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u968f\u4f34\u7740\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\u6027\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7942\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff08\u5b58\u6709\uff0c Being\uff09\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u7942\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u90fd\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u7942\u6709\u8fd9\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7942\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u7942\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u6269\u5927\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u3001\u957f\u8fdb\u3001\u6216\u8870\u9000\u3002\u7942\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u610f\u5fd7\u90fd\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e5f\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u597d\u6216\u53d8\u574f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5168\u8005\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u6539\u826f\u6216\u8870\u9000\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u6e05\u695a\u6559\u5bfc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\ufe55\u51fa3\ufe5514\uff1b\u8bd7102\ufe5526-28\uff1b\u8d5b41\ufe554\uff1b48\ufe5512\uff1b\u739b3\ufe556\uff1b\u7f571\ufe5523\uff1b\u67651\ufe5511\uff0c12\uff1b\u96c51\ufe5517\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6587\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6697\u793a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u80fd\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u5c45\u5728\u6c38\u6052\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u7942\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\uff1f\u7942\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u501f\u7740\u5723\u7075\u4f4f\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u95f4\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1f\u7942\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u53bb\u5f80\u8fd4\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u662f\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7942\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u5417\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u5f85\u56de\u8f6c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u548c\u56de\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5417\uff1f\u53c2\ufe55\u51fa32\ufe5510-14\uff1b\u62ff3\ufe5510\uff1b\u7bb411\ufe5520\uff0c12\ufe5522\uff1b\u8bd718\ufe5526\uff0c27\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7942\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u795e\u5b66\u754c\u91cc\u5e38\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u300c\u7eaf\u52a8\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u65ad\u65bd\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u300c\u52a8\u300d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e00\u540c\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e00\u751f\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u90fd\u6709\u53d8\u52a8\u5728\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027 (Being) \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7942\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u548c\u7942\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u90fd\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The Immutability of God is a necessary concomitant of His aseity.\u00a0 It is that perfection of God by which He is devoid of all change, not only in His Being, but also in His perfections, and in His purposes and promises. In virtue of this attribute He is exalted above all becoming, and is free form all accession or diminution and from all growth or decay in His Being or perfections.\u00a0 His knowledge and plans, His moral principles and volitions remain forever the same.\u00a0 Even reason teaches us that no change is possible in God, since a change is either for better or for worse.\u00a0 But in God, as the absolute Perfection, improvement and deterioration are both equally impossible.\u00a0 This immutability of God is clearly taught in such passages of Scripture as Ex. 3:14; Ps. 102:26-28; Isa. 41:4; 48:12; Mal. 3:6; Rom. 1:23; Heb. 1:11, 12; Jas. 1:17.\u00a0 At the same time there are many passages of Scripture which seem to ascribe change to God.\u00a0 Did not He who dwelleth in eternity pass on to the creation of the world, become incarnate in Christ, and in the Holy Spirit take up His abode in the Church?\u00a0 Is He not represented as revealing and hiding Himself, as coming and going, as repenting and changing His intention, and as dealing different with man before and after conversion?\u00a0 Cf. Ex. 32:10-14; Jonah 3:10; Prov. 11:20; 12:22; Ps. 18:26, 27.\u00a0\u00a0 The objection here implied is based to a certain extent on misunderstanding.\u00a0 The divine immutability should not be understood as implying <em>immobility<\/em>, as if there were no movement in God.\u00a0 It is even customary in theology to speak of god as <em>actus purus<\/em>, a God who is always in action.\u00a0 The Bible teaches that God enters into manifold relations with man and, as it were, lives their life with them.\u00a0 There is change round about Him, change in the relations of men to Him, but there is no change in His Being, His attributes, His purposes, His motives of action, or His promises.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u662f\u5185\u5728\u7684\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7942\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u65e8\u610f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u65e8\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u6027\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u7f8e\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5dee\u9063\u7942\u7684\u7231\u5b50\u5230\u4e16\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8bb2\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7942\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u5f53\u7f6a\u4eba\u6094\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u6539\u7942\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u62df\u4eba\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u662f\u663e\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u65e8\u610f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u505a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u90fd\u89c6\u4e4e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6cdb\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u751f\u6210 (eternal becoming)\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709 (absolute being)\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u91cc\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff08\u4f4d\u683c\uff09\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u795e\u89c2\u4e5f\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6323\u624e\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The purpose to create was eternal with him, and there was no change in Him when this purpose was realized by a single eternal act of His will.\u00a0 The incarnation brought no change in the Being or perfections of God, nor in His purpose, for it was His eternal good pleasure to send the Son of His love into the world.\u00a0 And if Scripture speaks of His repenting, changing His intention, and altering His relation to sinners when they repent, we should remember that this is only an anthropopathic way of speaking.\u00a0 In reality the change is not in God, but in man and in man\u2019s relations to God.\u00a0 It is important to maintain the immutability of God over against the Pelagian and Arminian doctrine that God is subject to change, not indeed in His Being, but in His knowledge and will, so that His decisions are to a great extent dependent on the actions of man; over against the pantheistic notion that God is an eternal becoming rather than an absolute Being, and that the unconscious Absolute is gradually developing into conscious personality in man; and over against the present tendency of some to speak of a finite, struggling, and gradually growing God.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027<\/strong><strong>THE INFINITY OF GOD<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6307\u7942\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff08\u5b58\u6709\uff09\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6697\u793a\u7740\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u88ab\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9650\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u603b\u548c\u7b49\u540c\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5e76\u5b58\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u6027\u7684 (intensive)\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684 (extensive)\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7942\u65e0\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5ef6\u4f38\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6ca1\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5728\u7942\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The infinity of God is that perfection of God by which He is free from all limitations.\u00a0 In ascribing it to God we deny that there are or can be any limitations to the divine Being or attributes.\u00a0 It implies that He is in no way limited by the universe, by this time-space world, or confined to the universe.\u00a0 It does not involve His identity with the sum-total of existing things, nor does it exclude the co-existence of derived and finite things, to which He bears relation.\u00a0 The infinity of God must be conceived as intensive rather than extensive, and should not be confused with boundless extension, as if God were spread out through the entire universe, one part being here and another there, for God has no body and therefore no extension.\u00a0 Neither should it be regarded as a merely negative concept, though it is perfectly true that we cannot form a positive idea of it.\u00a0 It is a reality in God fully comprehended only by Him.\u00a0 We distinguish various aspects of God\u2019s infinity.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u3002<\/strong><strong>His Absolute Perfection. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u7942\u672c\u6027\u6765\u770b\u7942\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u300c\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e43\u987b\u4ece\u300c\u8d28\u300d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u7942\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7942\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u80fd\u91cf (quantum)\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a77\u5c3d\u7684\u80fd\u529b (potency)\uff1b\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e0\u9650\u91cf (quantu)\u7684\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6c38\u5b58\u7684\u5723\u6d01 (holiness which is)\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7455\u75b5\u6240\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u7231\u4e0e\u516c\u4e49\u90fd\u987b\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\u8bf4\ufe55\u300c\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u81f3\u7ec8\u662f\ufe55\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u7455\u75b5\u7684\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5728\u7942\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd (potentiality)\u3002\u300d\u4ece\u8fd9\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u795e\u5723\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u3002\u7ecf\u6587\ufe55\u4f2f11\ufe557-10\uff1b\u8bd7145\ufe553\uff1b\u592a5\ufe5548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>This is the infinity of the divine Being considered in itself.\u00a0 It should not be understood in a quantitative, but in a qualitative sense; it qualifies all the communicable attributes of God.\u00a0 Infinite power is not an absolute quantum, but an exhaustless potency of power; and infinite holiness is not a boundless quantum of holiness, but a holiness which is, qualitatively free from all limitation of limitation or defect.\u00a0 The same may be said of infinite knowledge and wisdom, and of infinite love and righteousness.\u00a0 Says Dr. Orr: \u201cPerhaps we can say that infinity in God is ultimately: (a) internally and qualitatively, absence of all limitation and defect; (b) boundless potentiality.\u201d\u00a0 In this sense of the word the infinity of God is simply identical with the perfection of His Divine Being.\u00a0 Scripture proof for it is found in Job 11:7-10; Ps. 145:3; Matt. 5:48.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u3002<\/strong><strong>His Eternity.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8ff0\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7942\u4e07\u4e16\u65e0\u7a77\uff0c\u8bd790\ufe552\uff1b102\ufe552\uff1b\u5f173\ufe5521\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u6216\u5c06\u6765\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u300c\u6c38\u6052\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u8d85\u8d8a\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f7c\u540e3\ufe558\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\u8bf4\ufe55\u300c\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u6709\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5145\u6ee1\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u7942\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7942\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7942\u8fd9\u6837\u5730\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\uff0c\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u300d\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u65e5\uff0c\u5468\uff0c\u6708\uff0c\u5e74\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5206\u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002\u7942\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u300c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u300d\uff08 I am, \u6211\u662f\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\uff09\u3002\u7942\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5272\u7684\u300e\u73b0\u5728\u300f\u91cc\u62e5\u6709\u7942\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d\u6c38\u6052\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u751f\u6ca1\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The infinity of God in relation to time is called His eternity.\u00a0 The form in which the Bible represents God\u2019s eternity is simply that of duration through endless ages, Ps. 90:2; 102:2; Eph. 3:21. We should remember, however, that in speaking as it does the Bible uses popular language, and not the language of philosophy.\u00a0 We generally think of God\u2019s eternity in the same way, namely, as duration infinitely prolonged both backwards and forwards.\u00a0 But this is only a popular and symbolical way of representing that which in reality transcends time and differs from it essentially.\u00a0 Eternity in the strict sense of the word is ascribed to that which transcends all temporal limitations.\u00a0 That it applies to God in that sense is at least intimated in II Pet. 3:8.\u00a0 \u201cTime,\u201d says Dr. Orr, \u201cstrictly has relation to the world of objects existing in succession.\u00a0 God fills time; is in every part of it; but His eternity still is not really this being in time.\u00a0 It is rather that to which time forms a contrast.\u201d\u00a0 Our existence is marked off by days and weeks and months and years; not so the existence of God.\u00a0 Our life is divided into a past, present and future, but there is no such division in the life of God.\u00a0 He is the eternal \u201cI am.\u201d\u00a0 His eternity may be defined as <em>that perfection of God whereby He is elevated above all temporal limits and all succession of moments, and possesses the whole of His existence in one indivisible present.<\/em>\u00a0 The relation of eternity to time constitutes one of the most difficult problems in philosophy and theology, perhaps incapable of solution in our present condition.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u6027<\/strong><strong>His Immensity. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4f5c\u7942\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u6027\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u300c\u7942\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d85\u8d8a\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5374\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u7942\u6574\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u4e34\u5728\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u300d\u5b83\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u4e0e\u6b63\u9762\uff1b\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u4e2d\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u6b63\u9762\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u7942\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u7942\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u300d\u4e34\u5728\uff0c\u4e3a\u8981\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\ufe55\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684 (diffused)\uff0c\u7942\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u4e09\u79cd\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5730\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u53d7\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u88ab\u56f4\u5b58\u5728\u300d (circumscriptive)\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7075\u4f53\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u80af\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u300d(definite)\u3002\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7942\u5145\u6ee1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u4e30\u6ee1\u5b58\u5728\u300d (repletive)\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e34\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u5730\u65b9\u591a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The infinity of God may also be viewed with reference to space, and is then called His immensity.\u00a0 It may be defined as <em>that perfection of the Divine Being by which He transcends all spatial limitations, and yet is present in every point of space with His whole Being. <\/em>\u00a0It has a negative and a positive side, denying all limitations of space to the Divine Being, and asserting that God is above space and fills every part of it <em>with His whole Being<\/em>.\u00a0 The last words are added, in order to ward off the idea that God is diffused through space, so that one part of His Being is present in one place, and another part in some other place.\u00a0 We distinguish three modes of presence in space.\u00a0 Bodies are in space circumscriptively, because they are bounded by it; finite spirits are in space definitely, since they are not everywhere, but only in a certain definite place; and in distinction from both of these God is in space repletively, because He fills all space.\u00a0 He is not absent from any part of it, nor more present in one part than in another.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u300c\u5e7f\u5927\u6027\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u300d\u662f\u6307\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u987b\u8981\u8fa8\u6e05\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u300c\u5e7f\u5927\u6027\u300d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d85\u8d8a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u800c\u300c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u300d\u6240\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u867d\u7136\u8d85\u8d8a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e5f\u4ee5\u7942\u6574\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u5145\u6ee1\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u7942\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u6027\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7942\u9020\u7684\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e34\u5728\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53d7\u5b87\u5b99\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u72af\u4e24\u79cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\ufe55\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6cdb\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u786e\u4ee5\u7942\u7684\u5927\u80fd (<em>per potentiam<\/em>) \u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u7942\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u4e0e\u672c\u6027 (Being and nature) \u540c\u5728 (<em>per essentiam<\/em>)\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4ece\u8fdc\u5904\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u65bd\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In a certain sense the terms \u201cimmensity\u201d and \u201comnipresence,\u201d as applied to God, denote the same thing, and can therefore be regarded as synonymous.\u00a0 Yet there is a point of difference that should be carefully noted.\u00a0 \u201cImmensity\u201d points to the fact that God transcends all space and is not subject to its limitations, while \u201comnipresence\u201d denotes that He nevertheless fills every part of space with His entire Being.\u00a0 The former emphasizes the transcendence, and the latter, the immanence of God.\u00a0 God is immanent in all His creatures, in His entire creation, but is in no way bounded by it.\u00a0 In connection with God\u2019s relation to the world we must avoid, on the one hand, the error of Pantheism, so characteristic of a great deal of present day thinking, with its denial of the transcendence of God and its assumption that the Being of God is really the substance of all things; and, on the other hand, the Deistic conception that God is indeed present in creation <em>per potentiam<\/em> (with His power), but not <em>per essentiam et naturam<\/em> (with His very Being and nature), and acts upon the world from a distance.<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u7942\u5374\u4e34\u5728\u5728\u7942\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u89d2\u843d\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u540c\u5728\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd (<em>per potentiam<\/em>)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u771f\u6b63\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u540c\u5728 (<em>per essentiam<\/em>)\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7942\u6240\u9020\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u540c\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7942\u540c\u5728\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u7942\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4e34\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u7942\u5728\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u4e34\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eba\u540c\u5728\u548c\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u7942\u6240\u9020\u7684\u6d3b\u7269\u4e0e\u6b7b\u7269\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e0e\u656c\u8654\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u540c\u5728\u548c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u7942\u5728\u7942\u6240\u9020\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d7\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u5411\u6709\u773c\u53ef\u770b\u7684\u4eba\u663e\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5730\u591a\u5143\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6e05\u695a\u542f\u793a\u7684\u3002\u5929\u4e0e\u5730\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7942\uff0c\u738b\u4e0a8\ufe5527\uff1b\u8d5b66\ufe551\uff1b\u5f927\ufe5548\uff0c49\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7942\u5145\u6ee1\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u5929\u5730\u4eb2\u8fd1\u540c\u5728\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u8bd7139\ufe557-10\uff1b\u803623\ufe5523\uff0c24\uff1b\u5f9217\ufe5527\uff0c28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Though God is distinct from the world and may not be identified with it, He is yet present in every part of His creation, not only <em>per potentiam<\/em>, but also <em>per essentiam<\/em>.\u00a0 This does not mean, however, that he is equally present and present in the same sense in all His creatures.\u00a0 The nature of His indwelling is in harmony with that of His creatures.\u00a0 He does not dwell on earth as He does in heaven, in animals as He does in man, in the inorganic as He does in the organic creation, in the wicked as He does in the pious, nor in the Church as He does in Christ.\u00a0 There is an endless variety in the manner in which He is immanent in His creatures, and in the measure in which they reveal God to those who have eyes to see.\u00a0 The omnipresence of God is clearly revealed in Scripture.\u00a0 Heaven and earth cannot contain Him, I Kings 8:27; Isa. 66:1; Acts 7:48, 49; and at the same time He fills both and is a God at hand, Ps. 139:7-10; Jer. 23:23, 24; Acts 17:27, 28.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u6027<\/strong><strong>THE UNITY OF GOD<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A distinction is made between the <em>unitas singularitatis<\/em> and the <em>unitas simplicitatis<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The Unitas Singularitatis.<\/li>\n<li>The Unitas Simplicitatis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\uff08\u4ece\u7565\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6<a href=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\">ccnci.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\">\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/a>\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff09 THE INCOMUNICABLE ATTRIBUTES (God a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}