{"id":4270,"date":"2023-11-13T03:10:02","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T03:10:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=4270"},"modified":"2023-11-13T03:10:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T03:10:02","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e6%84%8f%e5%bf%97%e9%9d%a2%e9%9d%a2%e8%a7%82_05_%e5%8a%a0%e5%b0%94%e6%96%87%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e4%b8%8e%e9%98%bf%e7%b1%b3%e5%bf%b5%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e7%9a%84%e5%bc%82%e5%90%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=4270","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u9762\u9762\u89c2_05_\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u540c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3f131770ce3 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3f131770ce3 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3f131770ce3 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3f131770ce3 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3f131770ce3 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of finite causes and effects\uff09\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u6240\u505a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u6709\u9650\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u5b87\u5b99\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u786e\u5b9a\u5c06\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6050\u6016\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b54\u6848\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u655e\u5f00\u795e\u8bba\uff08Open Theism\uff09\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u82cf\u897f\u5c3c\u6d3eSocinianism\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u9884\u77e5\u3002\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9884\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5462\u82cf\u897f\u5c3c\u6d3e\u5c31\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u8fd9\u5730\u6b65\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u629b\u5f03\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u80fd\u591f\u7b26\u5408\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u667a\u6167\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u5c31\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u655e\u5f00\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff08Clark Pinnock\uff09\u8fd8\u6709\uff08Rice\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5462\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u89c2\u8bf4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5ba3\u79f0\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u6a21Paradigm\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9884\u8bbe\uff08presupositions\uff09\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u89c1\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u591f\u4e25\u91cd\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u5982\u518d\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5173\u5207\uff0c\u60c5\u5f62\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ea0\u6b63\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c1a\u65e0\u5927\u788d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u4e49\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5c06\u8981\u6c89\u6ca1\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u505a\u54f2\u5b66\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bc9\u8bf8\u76f4\u89c9\uff08intuition\uff09\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9762\u5bf9\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u8fdd\u80cc\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u5f3a\u70c8\u613f\u671b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u613f\u671b\u6597\u4e89\u5462\uff01\u4e0d\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bc9\u8bf8\u76f4\u89c9\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u3002\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u663e\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u56e0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u53eb\u505a\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u754c\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u660e\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u5982\u90fd\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u8bdd\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u501f\u7740\u76f4\u89c9\u6765\u5bdf\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u6709\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u76f4\u89c9\u561b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u51fa\u54ea\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u591f\u6297\u62d2\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u89c9\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u516b\uff0c\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u5047\u5982\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c31\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u638c\u7ba1\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u5c31\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u6697\u793a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ece\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5230\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u7b2c22\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u6743\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u968f\u5df1\u610f\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u65e8\u884c\u4e07\u4e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href=\"mailto:ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\">ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u4e86\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u5341\u516b\u70b9\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u90a3\u73b0\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e24\u4f4d\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4e3a\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff08Jerry L. Walls\uff09\u548c\uff08Joseph R. Dongell\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u536b\u65af\u7406\u6d3e\u7684\uff08Asbury\uff09\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\uff0cWalls\u6559\u6388\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u800c\uff08 Dongell\uff09\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u8bfe\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5408\u8457\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u7684\u4e66\uff0c2004\u5e74\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u56e2\u5951\u51fa\u7248\u793eIVP\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e5f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e24\u4f4d\u5728\u5723\u7ea6\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff08Covenant Theological Seminary\uff09\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5408\u8457\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u662f\u300a\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300b\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u536b\u65af\u7406\u6d3e\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u575a\u6301\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\uff08philosophical commitments\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u5ba3\u79f0\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff0c\uff08philosophical commitments\uff09\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u524d\u63d0\uff08presuppositions\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u542c\u542c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u51cc\u9a7e\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u6216\u8005\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u8bbe\u6240\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u5b83\u4eec\u5f04\u778e\u773c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u695a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5ba1\u6838\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5fe0\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\uff1a\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u5f97\u597d\uff01\u82e5\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7acb\u573a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u54f2\u5b66\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u76f2\u76ee\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u575a\u6301\u6216\u8005\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u660e\u8a00\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u660e\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\uff08Philosophy makes explicit and precise what is implicit and general\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u660e\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u660e\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u6db5\u76d6\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5723\u7ecf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8bf4\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5462\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u7574\u7684\u7406\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bc9\u8bf8\u201c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u6216\u8005\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u6240\u660e\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8bf4\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u201c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u6761\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u660e\u8a00\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u6761\u505a\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u548c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u201d\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u8303\u7574\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u8a00\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u5462\uff0c\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u8a00\u7684\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7ecf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6211\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u201c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u548c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u4e49\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4d\u683cperson\u672c\u8d28\uff08essence\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u786e\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u4f4d\u683c\u3001\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7236\u5723\u5b50\u5723\u7075\u662f\u540c\u7b49\u5374\u53c8\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65e9\u665a\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u8ddf\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4fe1\u7ecf\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5723\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0e\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u541d\u556c\u7684\u53bb\u7528\uff08parsimoniously\uff09\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5723\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8bdd\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u65e9\u5230\u665a\u53ea\u8981\u6717\u8bf5\u5723\u7ecf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u548c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u201d\u6709\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u53ef\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u987a\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5374\u5c31\u662f\u4e89\u8bba\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u5047\u5982\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\uff08libertarian freedom\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8db3\u591f\u6761\u4ef6\uff08sufficient condition\uff09\u6216\u8005\u8db3\u591f\u6210\u56e0\uff08sufficient cause\uff09\u7684\u3002\u7b49\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u8db3\u591f\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u4e5f\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6211\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\uff08deliberation\uff09\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff08it really is up to us to decide\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684103\u9875\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff08the common experience of deliberation\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ec6\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u8861\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff08we weight them\uff09\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8003\u8651\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u88ab\u9274\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08weight\uff09\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u7ec6\u60f3\uff08deliberation\uff09\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u7b5b\u9009\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u51b3\u5b9a\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\uff08103\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6211\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u822c\u5462\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff08deliberation\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u4f1a\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8861\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u9274\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u7ec6\u60f3\uff08deliberation\uff09\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7b5b\u9009\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6211\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u4e4b\u4e00\u5417\uff1f\u54e6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u2014\u2014\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u652f\u6301\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u662f\u663e\u7136\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u79cd\u7684\u9009\u62e9options\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0coptions are within our power to choose\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u5ba3\u79f0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u51e0\u79cd\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u523b\u5ba3\u79f0\u6bd4\u8f83\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\u6bd4\u8f83\u786e\u5b9a\uff0cwhich claim is more certain\u3002\u968f\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u89c9\u5730\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u786e\u5b9a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u660e\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\u3001\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6common 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