{"id":3331,"date":"2023-11-07T10:35:22","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T10:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=3331"},"modified":"2023-11-07T12:28:21","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T12:28:21","slug":"%e6%8a%a4%e6%95%99%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8811%ef%bc%89%e4%b8%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=3331","title":{"rendered":"\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\uff0811\uff09\u4e0a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 .h5vp_video_overlay p { font-size:20px }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 { width:100% }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 .h5vp_popup svg { background:#1ABAFF }#h5vp6a3e5267cbf93 .h5vp_video_overlay p:hover { 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Frame\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ece\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u53bb\u770b\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4ed6\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u7684Scott Oliphint \u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0cGreg Bahnsen\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eceJohn Frame\u7684\u4e66Cornelius Van Til\u00a0 An Analysis of His Thoughts\uff0c\u300a\u54e5\u5c3c\u6d41\u00b7\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684100\u9875\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u3002\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u73ed\u68ee\uff08Bahnsen\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u90fd\u5206\u522b\u7684\u8457\u4e66\u6765\u5206\u9898\u7684\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u3002\u90a3\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8fd9\u672c\u5c31\u6bd4Bahnsen\u7684\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86100\u9875\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u201d\u6b63\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1Bahnsen\u7684\u300a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u90a3\u4e00\u672c\u7684760\u9875\u7684\u9009\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u7b2c1\u9875\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff0cThe Metaphysics of Knowledge\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4ece\u5f88\u65e9\uff0830\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u5c31\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u662f1971\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u4e0a\u62ff\u7740\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\uff0c\u5c01\u9762\u90fd\u5199\u7740Not for Publication\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bb2\u4e49\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u624b\u7a3f\u540e\u6765\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e66\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u6b21\u53bb\u6da6\u8272\u8fd9\u4e2aP&amp;R\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5199\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u51e0\u5341\u672c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u624b\u7a3f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u7bc7\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<a href=\"mailto:ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\">ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4ed6\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u5462\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u7f16\u5199\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u662f\u53ebThe Metaphysics of Apologetics\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u4e86\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u4f5cThe Metaphysics of Knowledge\uff0c\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u4e0b\u534a\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u6210\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u201d\u3002\uff09\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\uff08\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u554a\u3002\uff09\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u5b58\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5b87\u5b99\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u548c\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4f4d\u683c\u4e0e\u975e\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u795e\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u80fd\u89c1\u7684\u4e0e\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u201d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5c31\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u5904\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u4f53\u8bba = \u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9875\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u4e66\u540d\u662f\u300a\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u300b\u3002\u90a3\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u6210\u4e66\uff0c\u53eb\u4f5c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7efc\u89c8\u300b<strong>A <\/strong><strong><em>Survey of Christian Epistemology<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 \u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6307\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u4f5c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u7a76\u7adf\u771f\u76f8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1fWhat is reality? \u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5417\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5173\u5fc3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u4e24\u8005\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u7279\u522b\u914d\u5f97\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u672c\u4e8e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u53c8\u9644\u6709\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u65e9\u5230\u665a\u8bfb\u5b8c\u8fd9\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e13\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\uff1a1\u3001\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u5f88\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5408\u4e4e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u30022\u3001\u4ed6\u53c8\u628a\u4e24\u5343\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u90fd\u6279\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u4ed6\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\uff08\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\ufe55\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u5b50\uff0d\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u521b\u9020\u8bba\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7942\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u201d\uff08<strong>He is the Creator, the world is His creation.<\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\u753b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u5708,\u4e0a\u8bfe\u4e00\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u753b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u5728\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u5708\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5708\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u7531\u51e0\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u4e24\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u542f\u793a\u3002\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u638c\u7ba1\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u5411\u5b87\u5b99\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u753b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u4e4b\u95f4\u753b\u4e00\u6761\u6a2a\u7ebf\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u753b\u6a2a\u7ebf\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\uff08There is an absolute distinction between the Creator and creature.)\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\uff08\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff09\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff1a\u795e\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u795e\u9020\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6df1\u5965\u7684\uff01\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u561b\uff0c\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u201d\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u770b\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8fd9\u4e48\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u6574\u5957\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u8ddf\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u6293\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6293\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u6279\u5224\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8ddf\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\uff01\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u5feb20\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6d3b\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c \u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u8fd9\u521a\u597d\u662f\u8ddf\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6293\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6293\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8ddf\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0cthis is genius of reformed theology\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53bb\u8bfb\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4Darrell L. Bock\uff0c\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u65b0\u7ea6\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300aBreaking the Da Vinci Code\u300b\uff08\u300a\u7834\u8bd1\u8fbe\u82ac\u5947\u5bc6\u7801\u300b\uff09\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5199\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\uff0c\u628a\u300a\u8fbe\u82ac\u5947\u5bc6\u7801\u300b\u80cc\u540e\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4e0d\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u56db\u79cd\u5230\u516d\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c31\u7ee7\u627f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff0c\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4ee5\u6765\u662f\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u3001\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u6b23\u8d4f\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5723\u7ecf vs. \u4e16\u4fd7\ufe55\u4e24\u5708\u601d\u7ef4 VS. \u4e00\u5708\u601d\u7ef4\ufe55\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u5bf9\u300d \u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9875\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u4e8c\u5708\u300d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2two-circle worldview\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u5708\u300d\u601d\u7dad\uff0cone-circle thinking\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u662f\u770b\u5b87\u5b99\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u4e00\u5708\u601d\u7ef4\u5462\uff1fone-circle thinking\uff1f\u4f60\u5c31\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u795e\u3001\u4eba\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u6709\u90e8\uff08\uff1f12\uff1a03 \uff09\u7684The Circle of life, Walt Disney\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u5708\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u795e\u8ddf\u4eba\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u8ddf\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u91cc\u9762\uff0cThe Circle of life\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u662f\u4e8c\u5708\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u65b0\u6d3e\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u795e\u626f\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4eba\u653e\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u5347\u5230\u795e\u7684\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u597d\u53eb\u795e\u8ddf\u4eba\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5462\uff0c\u7528\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u795e\u8ddf\u4eba\u597d\u50cf\u9a6c\u620f\u73ed\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u98de\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u518d\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u7942\u9020\u7684\uff1b\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u795e\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u795e\u9020\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u6df1\u5965\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u6765\u770b\u795e\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u795e\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u81ea\u542b\u7684\u4e30\u6ee1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GOD, THE SELF-CONTAINED FULLNESS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ffb\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u9875\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u662f \uff1a\u795e\u662f\u81ea\u542b\uff08\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u8db3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u81ea\u542b\u5462\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u6210\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u201c\u8db3\u201d\uff0c\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u4e30\u6ee1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u8363\u8000\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8303\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5462\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u8bb2\u7684\u795e\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u795e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684<em>Introduction to Systematic Theology\u300a<\/em>\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u5c31\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u201c\u9884\u8bbe\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5148\u5b58\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u7942\u6beb\u65e0\u8c2c\u8bef\u5730\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5411\u4eba\u542f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u57282000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5192\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4,1994-95\u5e74\u662f\u201c\u795e\u662f\u655e\u5f00\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6700\u8fd12006\u5e74\u5462\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u592a\u8fc7\u6551\u8d4e\u53d6\u5411\u4e86\uff0cwe are too atonement-oriented. \u5c31\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u8bba\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5973\u6743\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684problem\uff0c\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u548c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u65e0\u8bef\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8bb2\uff1a\u5723\u7ecf\u8bbaThe Doctrine of Scripture\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u795e\u6240\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u8bba\u300b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u795e\u8bba\u3002\u542f\u793a\u8bba\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u8bba\u548c\u795e\u8bba\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8bbe\u795e\u7684\u5148\u5b58\uff0cpreexistence\u548c\u81ea\u5b58\u6216\u8005antecedent self-existence\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u201c\u5148\u5b58\u201d\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u795e\u662f\u4e0d\u9760\u522b\u7684\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u5b58\uff0caseity\uff0c\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u5728Defence of Faith\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u672c\u7b2c9\u9875\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u7942\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u795e\u548c\u795e\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u3001\u5929\u4f7f\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u795e\u548c\u4eba\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u5462\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u4f9d\u4e3a\u547d\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u795e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u795e\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7231\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff01\u6ca1\u6709\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u795e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f70\u663e\u7942\u7684\u8363\u8000\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff01\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u4f5ccorelative\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u662f\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u7942\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff08\uff0c\u5b58\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u6d3b\u7269\u3001\u5c31\u662f\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002God is the source of His own being.\u6216\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u201c\u6765\u6e90\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0csource, the term source cannot be applied to God.\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u3002He is absolute, He is sufficient unto Himself\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e38\u8bf4\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u542b\u7684\u300d \uff0cself-contained\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u81ea\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u81ea\u542b\u201d\u8ddf\u201c\u81ea\u8db3\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u4e4e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q1<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f60\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u542b\u3001\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u5bf9\uff0c\u81ea\u542b\u8ddf\u201c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u201d\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u201d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u201d\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u5728\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u662f\u201cYahweh\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u90a3\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u82f1\u6587\u4f20\u7edf\u7ffb\u6210\u201cbeing\u201d\uff0c\u201cabsolute being\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u559c\u6b22\u7ffb\u6210\u201c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7942\u662f\u7acb\u7ea6\u3001\u5b88\u7ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u9ad8\u6709\u4f4e\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u5728\u7269\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u300a\u51fa\u300b3\uff1a14\u8282\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q1<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u90a3\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e2aI am who I am\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a?.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u5bf9\u5566\uff0c\u201cI am who I am\u201d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u51fa\u300b3\uff1a14\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u7ffb\u6cd5\uff0cI am that I am. I will continue to be who I am. \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u5f88\u96be\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u201c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u201d\u5462\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\uff0c\u81ea\u5b58\u5148\u5b58\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff01\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u6709\u7684\u662f\u201cYahweh\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u600e\u4e48\u7ffb\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff1f\u90a3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff08\uff0cbeing\uff0c\u6709\uff09\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5b58\u6709\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u561b\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6709\u201d\u30010\u30011\u30012\u30013\u3001\u65e0\u3001\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c31\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u201c\u6709\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0cbeing\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5462\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u795e\u662fabsolute being\uff0c\u795e\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u9762\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7075\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u201c\u7075\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u201c\u7075\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7075\u201d\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u7075\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u3001\u7942\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u7b2c\u56db\u9875\u4e0b\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u5f15\u7528Bavinck\uff0c\u5df4\u6587\u514b\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8005\u7f8e\u5fb7\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7942\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\u91cc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\u4e0a\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\u300c\u663e\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u4e86\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u9760\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u4e00\u7c7b\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662fincommunicable \uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662fcommunicable attributes\uff0c\u80fd\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002Incommunicable attributes\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff1a\u795e\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\uff0cinfinity\uff1b\u795e\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027eternity\uff08\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u6c38\u6052\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u65e0\u59cb\u65e0\u7ec8\u7684\u3002\uff09\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u6027\u3002Immutability\uff08\uff1b\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ebimmutability\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u3002\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u90fd\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u7942\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff01\u90a3\u795e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff1a\u516c\u4e49\u3001\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u667a\u6167\u3001\u6743\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53eb\u505a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ee5\u4e3a\u795e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u7231\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e43\u662f\u201c\u7942\u7684\u81ea\u8db3\u6216\u8005\u662faseity\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0cLordship\uff0c\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e3b\u201d\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u4ece\u7942\u662f\u4e3b\u3001\u7942\u662f\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u8db3\u3001\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u7231\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u3001\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u516c\u4e49\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u3001\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u516c\u4e49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u662f\u7942\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c31\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u5b58\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7942\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6e05\u695a\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u6211\u4eec\u3001\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u5929\u4f7f\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u800c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027 vs. \u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u9875\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7942\u7684 \u300c\u81ea\u542b\u4e30\u6ee1\u300d\u4e0a\uff0c\u7942\u4e0e\u4e9a\u7406\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u300c\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u8005\u300d(unmoved mover) \u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e9a\u7406\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u300c\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u8005\u300d\u5462\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u8bb2\u8fc7\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u679c\u5fc5\u6709\u5176\u56e0\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u76f4\u63a8\u5230\u6700\u5148\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\uff1b\u6709\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e2a\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u90a3\u4e00\u76f4\u63a8\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u63a8\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u6765\u4f5c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u4ece\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u3001\u4e30\u6ee1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u81ea\u542b\u89c2\ufe55\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5f15\u81f4\u4e00\u5708\u601d\u7ef4\uff0d\u501f\u7740\u5ef6\u4f38\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u4e4b\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8981\u4ece\u6279\u5224\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u81ea\u8db3\uff08\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u6765\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4ece<strong>[\u81ea\u542b]\u8fdb\u5230[\u81ea\u542b\u7684\u4e30\u6ee1]<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u5efa\u6784\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5462\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u81ea\u542b\u300d \u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u300c\u81ea\u542b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u300d \u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\uff08\u7edd\u5bf9\u653e\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c<strong>\u81ea\u9ad8\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u4e00\u4e2aidea\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u7528\u300c\u81ea\u542b\u300d\u3002\u300c\u81ea\u542b\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210<strong>\u201c\u81ea\u9ad8\u201d<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u201c<strong>\u7edd\u5bf9<\/strong>\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9 \u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0 (uncaused cause)\uff1b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff1b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027(abstract unity)\uff1b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f (abstract form\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u76f8\u201d)\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u673a\u7387\u6027 (pure chance )\u3001\u6216\u7136\u6027\u6216\u673a\u7387\u6027\u6216\u8005\u968f\u610f\u6027 (randomness)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\uff081915-1919\u5e74\uff09\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u53d8\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u6765\u81eaHuxley Spencer\uff08\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u00b7\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\uff09\u3002\u800cHuxley Spencer\u8bf4\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u201d\u5462\uff0c\u53c8\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002All is Change. \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7231\u8bf4All is water. All is fire. All is change. All is matter. All is being.\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u54ea\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\uff0c\u91d1\u3001\u6728\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u706b\u3001\u571f\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u6c34\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u706b\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u91d1\u6728\u6c34\u706b\u571f\uff0c\u662f\u201cBeing\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5b58\u6709\u201d\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fchange\u6216\u8005\u662fchance\uff0c\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u54f2\u5b66\uff0csecular 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