{"id":280,"date":"2023-09-24T05:45:31","date_gmt":"2023-09-24T05:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=280"},"modified":"2023-09-24T05:45:31","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T05:45:31","slug":"%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6%e5%af%bc%e8%ae%ba_51_%e8%ae%b2%e4%b9%89_%e6%88%91%e4%bb%ac%e6%98%af%e8%b0%81%ef%bc%9f%e4%bb%8e%e6%95%99%e4%bc%9a%e5%8f%b2%e7%9c%8b%e7%a6%8f%e9%9f%b3%e6%b4%be%e8%ba%ab%e4%bb%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=280","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba_51_\u8bb2\u4e49_\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u770b\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u4e8c\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u8bfe<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\uff1f<\/strong>— <\/strong>\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u770b<\/strong>\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8eab\u4efd<\/strong> \uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

WHO ARE WE?\u00a0 The Evangelical\u2019s Identity<\/strong><\/p>\n

(A Church History Perspective) \u2013 PART 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

VI<\/strong>\uff0e<\/strong>19<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>20<\/strong>\u4e16\u7eaa\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\ufe55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u8003\u9a8c\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

19th –<\/sup> 20th<\/sup> Century Reformed Apologetics Provides Leadership:<\/strong><\/p>\n

We Believe that the Bible Does Stand the Test and Challenge of Intellectuals<\/strong><\/p>\n

1790\u5e74\u4ee3 \u2013 \u5eb7\u5fb7\uff1b\u7834\u788e\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\ufe55\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

1790s \u2013 Immanuel Kant \u2013 the universe is shattered: phenomenal (logic+science); noumenal (religion+morality)<\/p>\n

1790\u5e74\u4ee3 \u2013 \u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u00a0 Friedrich Schleiermacher\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\uff08\u65b0\u6d3e\uff09\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u59cb \ufe55\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e43\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u4f9d\u9760\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u300d\u3002\u2013 father of modern theology (essence of Christianity = feeling of dependence on \u201cthe infinite\u201d)<\/p>\n

1812\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4ece\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

Princeton University -> Princeton Theological Seminary (separated from university)<\/p>\n

Archibald Alexander \u2013 1st<\/sup> president<\/p>\n

Charles Hodge \u8d3a\u6cbb \u2013 wrote Systematic Theology <\/em>\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

Benjamin B. Warfield (B.B. Warfield) \u534e\u5c14\u8d39\u5fb7 \u2013 wrote many book reviews<\/p>\n

A.A. Hodge \u2013 Charles Hodge\u2019s son<\/p>\n

\u8d3a\u6cbb\uff0c\u534e\u5c14\u8d39\u5fb7\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/p>\n

Hodge and Warfield were the leaders in apologetic vs. liberal theology, in 19th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

\u534e\u5c14\u975e\u5fb7\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u6536\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u9ed8\u793a\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

B.B. Warfield\u2019s essays, collected in The Inspiration and Authority of the Bible<\/em>, are still the classic defense of the Bible\u2019s inspiration.<\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u7531\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u672c\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u9886\u5bfc\uff01<\/p>\n

American society and culture in the 19th<\/sup> century were led by American \u201cCalvinism\u201d<\/p>\n

exemplified by the Presbyterian Church.<\/p>\n

1898 \u8377\u5170\u9996\u76f8\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u517cFree University of Amsterdam \u521b\u529e\u4eba\uff0c\u6821\u957f\ufe55\u51ef\u4f2f \u3002<\/p>\n

Abraham Kuyper \u8bbf\u95ee\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6f14\u8bb2 \u3002<\/p>\n

In 1898, the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Abraham Kuyper (also a systematic theologian and the founder of the Free University of Amsterdam), came to the USA and gave the \u201cStone Lectures\u201d \u2013 still in print today:<\/p>\n

Abraham Kuyper, Lectures in Calvinism<\/em> (Eerdmans)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6f14\u8bb2\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53c2\ufe55\u300a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4f20\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u8b66\u544a\ufe55\u5386\u53f2\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u6c38\u662f\u656c\u62dc\u771f\u795e\u4e0e\u656c\u62dc\u5076\u50cf\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

Kuyper warned the American church: the history of human civilization will always be a battle between the worship of the true God, and idol-worship.<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d70\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u00a0 (William James \u4e0e \u675c\u5a01\uff0c\u675c\u5a011920-21\u8bbf\u534e)\u3002<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, America and America\u2019s church followed the philosophy of pragmatism (William James, John Dewey \u2013 Dewey visited and lectured in China, 1920-21)<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u53cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316 \u3002<\/p>\n

Cf. a major book in American history; Anti-Intellectualism in American Life.<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u9002\ufe55\u5c11\u8c08\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u591a\u8c08\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898 \uff08\u80e1\u9002 = \u675c\u5a01\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\uff09\u3002Hu Shi (Dewey\u2019s disciple in China):\u00a0 talk less about \u201c-ism\u2019s\u201d (ideologies), more on solving practical problems.<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8d3a\u6cbb\uff0c\u534e\u5c14\u8d39\u5f97\uff0c\u51ef\u4f2f\u7b49\u5927\u58f0\u75be\u547c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u5b9e\u7528\u8def\u7ebf\u81f3\u4eca<\/p>\n

\uff08\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53cd\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u53cd\u6587\u5316\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u76f4\u8d2b\u4e4f\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

Result: Although Hodge, Warfield and Kuyper defended and expounded the Christian faith, the American church continued to be fundamentally pragmatic.\u00a0 The Chinese church inherited this kind of anti-intellectual, anti-rational, anti-theological, anti-cultural attitude.\u00a0 Result: theological thought and theological education have been impoverished till now.<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\ufe55\u8d70\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u795e\u4eb2\u5bc6\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b49\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53cd\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u795e\u5b66\u8005\uff01<\/p>\n

Note: A Christian who is a Pietist, who seeks an intimate relationship with God, does not necessarily has to be anti-intellectual, anti-rational, anti-culture, and anti-theological.<\/p>\n

VII<\/strong>\uff0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\ufe55\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n

FUNDAMENTALISM: We Are Fundamentalists<\/strong><\/p>\n

1860 \uff08\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\ufe55\u65e0\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4e4b\u5206\uff08\u6307\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Before 1860 (before the Civil War, 1861-65): there was no division between fundamentalists and liberals in the USA.<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\ufe55\u60e0\u987f\u5927\u5b66 Wheaton College \u7684\u521b\u529e\u4ebaJonathan Blanchard \u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u9ed1\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

Example: The founder of Wheaton College (1860), Rev. Jonathan Blanchard, was both a preacher and a social reformer: he called for the abolition of the slavery system.<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6d3e\u652f\u6301\u9ed1\u5974\u9003\u79bb\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

The Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America (\u201cthe covenanters\u201d)\u00a0 was the first denomination to help black slaves escape during the Civil War.<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\ufe55\u4e0e\u65b0\u6d3e\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9; \u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u3001\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e43\u57281870\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n

The controversy between liberal theology and evangelicals occurred from 1870.<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u6d3e\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u56fd\ufe551870\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b F. Schleiermacher\uff0c\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8 Ludwig Feuerbach\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587 Charles Darwin\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Liberal theology came from Europe to America starting in the 1870s: F. Schleiermacher, Ludwig Feuerbach, Charles Darwin, etc.<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f1870\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f71\u54cd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5708\u5b50\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

Interestingly, Dispensationalism also came to America in the 1870s, and first influenced people in the Presbyterian Church.<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bbaDispensationalism \u2013 \u8fbe\u79d8J.N. Darby \u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7267\u5e08\uff0c 1827-31\u521b\u7acb\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u795e\u5b66<\/p>\n

Dispenational theology began with John Nelson Darby, Irish pastor, ca. 1827-31.<\/p>\n

\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u56de\u5e94\ufe55\u300a\u57fa\u8981\u300b\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7cfb\u5217The Fundamentals<\/em> \uff081900\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Evangelical response to liberalism: series of booklets, called The Fundamentals<\/em> (1900s).<\/p>\n

\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\ufe551888\u5e74 Charles Briggs \u4e8b\u4ef6\u2013 \u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

Presbyterians: 1888 \u2013 forced Charles Briggs (liberal professor, Union Seminary) to resign; conservatives were the majority in the Presbyterian Church.<\/p>\n

1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\ufe55\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4e0e\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

Liberal-fundamentalist controversy came to a head (climax) in the 1920s.<\/p>\n

1920 \u2013 Bible Union of China \uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\ufe551924\u5e74The Auburn Affirmation, Auburn, New York \ufe55\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u957f\u8001\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u5374\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

In 1924, over 100 Presbyterian ministers issued \u201cThe Auburn Affirmation\u201d in Auburn, New York: they believed that faith in the supernatural miracles in the Bible is NOT an essential part of the Christian faith.<\/p>\n

1929\u5e74\u6885\u94a6\u79bb\u5f00\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

In 1929, J. Gresham Machen and 3 other professors at Princeton Theological Seminary were forced to leave.\u00a0 They started Westminster Theological Seminary.\u00a0 www.wts.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

1925\u5e74\uff0c\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u7acbDallas Theological Seminary, \u4e0e\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u540c\u6837\u662f\u57fa\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u795e\u5b66\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/p>\n

In 1925, Dallas Theological Seminary was started in Dallas, Texas.\u00a0 Like Westminster, Dallas was fundamentalist; Dallas was a leader in the dispensationalist movement.<\/p>\n

1932\u5e74\u6885\u94a6\u6210\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u957f\u8001\u5ba3\u6559\u5dee\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

1932: some conservatives under Machen\u2019s leadership started the Independent Board of Presbyterian Missions.<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\u6885\u94a6\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4fe1\u6b63\u957f\u8001\u4f1a (Presbyterian Church of America\u00a0 -> Orthodox Presbyterian Church \u2013 www.opc.org<\/a> )<\/p>\n

In 1936, J. Gresham Machen was defrocked, and left the Presbyterian Church USA to start the Presbyterian Church of America (renamed\u00a0 Orthodox Presbyterian Church).<\/p>\n

1937\u5e74\ufe55\u4fe1\u6b63\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u00a0 (Orthodox Presbyterian Church -> Bible Presbyterian Church)\u3002<\/p>\n

In the same year, the Orthodox Presbyterian Church split; one group left under the leadership of Carl McIntyre and started the Bible Presbyterian Church.<\/p>\n

\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c1948\u5e74 \u2014 \u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u79bb\u5f00\u6d78\u793c\u5b97\uff08 Northern Baptist Convention<\/p>\n

->Conservative Baptist Association\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n

This kind of liberal-conservative split was not limited to the Presbyterians.\u00a0 In 1948, some<\/p>\n

churches from the Northern Baptist Convention left, and formed the Conservative Baptist Association.<\/p>\n

\uff08\u6ce8\ufe55\u6d78\u793c\u5b97 = \u7f8e\u5317\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002 Northern Baptist Convention -> American Baptist Churches USA.\uff09<\/p>\n

1973\u5e74\u4ee3 \ufe55\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u79bb\u5f00\u7f8e\u5357\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff08Presbyterian Church in the U.S. -> Presbyterian Church in America\u00a0 www.pcanet.org<\/a> \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

In 1973, a group of churches in the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. (South) left, and formed the Presbyterian Church in America \u2013 www.pcanet.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\u4ee3\ufe55\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u4e4b\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81f3\u5230\u4eca\u5929\ufe55\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4e0e\u6240\u8c13\u7f13\u548c\u6d3econservatives vs. moderates \u2013 \u540e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n

The struggle in the Southern Baptist Convention began to surface in the 1970s \u2013 conservatives struggled with the moderates (liberals) over who should head the denomination and the denomination\u2019s seminaries (a conservative leader today is Al Mohler, president, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, Kentucky)<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\u4ee3\ufe55\u8def\u5f97\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u4e4b\u4e89\ufe55\u534f\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5b88\u4f4f Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod: Concordia Theological Seminary; \u7f13\u548c\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u6d3e\u88ab\u9010\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u653e\u9010\u534f\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u300d Seminex = Seminary in Exile = Concordia Theological Seminary (in exile) \u3002<\/p>\n

In the 1970s, there was a theological struggle between the conservatives and the moderates in the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod.\u00a0 The moderates (liberals) lost control over Concordia Theological Seminary, and formed \u201cSeminex\u201d (seminary-in-exile), also named Concordia Theological Seminary.<\/p>\n

1930-1940\u5e74\u4ee3\ufe55\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684 \u201c\u5931\u8d25\u201d \u2013 \u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b97\u6d3e\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

By and large, however, in the 1930s and 1940s, evangelicals lost control and leadership over the major (mainline) denominations.<\/p>\n

1940\u5e74\u4ee3\ufe55\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\ufe55\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e\u8005\uff1b\u4e0e\u7559\u5728\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e\u8005\u4e24\u5927\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

In the 1940s, evangelicals began to re-organize themselves: some remained in the mainline denominations; some started new conservative denominations (OPC, Conservative Baptists, etc.); others started independent churches; others formed parachurch agencies.<\/p>\n

VIII<\/strong>\uff0e\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\ufe55\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

THE MISSIONS MOVEMENT: We Believe in the Imperative of Global Missions<\/strong><\/p>\n

1806-1811 \u5b66\u751f\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u5dee\u4f1a\ufe55\u7f8e\u56fd\u5dee\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

1806-1811 Students at Williams College and elsewhere in New England petitioned the<\/p>\n

Congregational Church to start a sending agency. Result: first American mission board:<\/p>\n

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.<\/p>\n

1858-60\u6155\u8fea\u5148\u751f\u8f9e\u6389\u5356\u76ae\u978b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u578b\u5e03\u9053\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

1858-60 Dwight L. Moody quit his shoe sales business, began large-scale evangelistic preaching minsitry<\/p>\n

1870-1880\u5e74\u4ee3\ufe55\u6155\u8fea\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u82f1\uff0c\u7f8e\u5730\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

1870s, 1880s: Moody deeply influenced numerous university students, Britain and USA.<\/p>\n

1883 \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5b66\u751f\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u81ea\u613f\u8fd0\u52a8\u6210\u7acb \u3002<\/p>\n

1883 Students formed the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions (SVM).<\/p>\n

1888 \u795e\u5b66\u751f\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u81ea\u613f\u8fd0\u52a8\u6210\u7acb\u3002 Inter-Seminary Alliance was organized by seminary students.<\/p>\n

1840-50\u5e74\u4ee3 YMCA \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\uff1bSCM \u2013 \u5b66\u751f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90e8\uff1b1890\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u88ab\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd \u2013 \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\uff0c1895\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

1840s-1850s \u2013 YMCA was started in England and America.\u00a0 Student Christian Movement = the student arm of the YMCA.<\/p>\n

1890s and later: the YMCA was influenced and even controlled by theological liberals.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s YMCA was started in 1895.<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u7acb\uff08\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5b66\u9662=\u534e\u4eba\u4f20\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Bible schools (Bible colleges) were started as a result of revival, student movement and missions movement.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Note: the Bible College is the traditional form of Chinese theological education.)<\/p>\n

\u521d\u671f\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5b66\u9662 = \u901f\u6210\u73ed\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u6297\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

Bible schools began as short-term training in reaction against theological seminaries.<\/p>\n

\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\ufe55\u6155\u8fea\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u9662\u3002Chicago: Moody Bible Institute<\/p>\n

\u7ebd\u7ea6\ufe55\u5ba3\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5ba3\u9053\u4f1a\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4eba\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b66\u6821\u3002New York City (AB Simpson, Christian and Missionary Alliance): Missionary Training Institute -> Nyack Missionary College -> Nyack College + Jaffray School of Missions -> Alliance School of Theology and Missions<\/p>\n

-> Nyack College, Alliance Theological Seminary.<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u7701\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5b66\u6821\u3002 Southern California: Bible Institute of Los Angeles -> BIOLA University<\/p>\n

\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5b66\u9662 -> \u5929\u9053\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u3002Canada: Toronto Bible College -> Ontario Bible College, Ontario Theological Seminary -> Tyndale College and Seminary<\/p>\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5b66\u9662\u4e8e1930\uff0c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u589e\u957f\uff08\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53cd\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u6587\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Most Bible colleges were established in the 1930s and 1940s: most of them were dispensationalist, anti-intellectual, anti-cultural.\u00a0 They embodied\/embody the anti-intellectual and anti-cultural spirit of Pietism.<\/p>\n

\u9605\u8bfb\ufe55<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6ccnci.org<\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u8bfe \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\uff1f— \u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u770b\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8eab\u4efd \uff08\u4e8c\uff09 WHO ARE WE?\u00a0 The Ev […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}