{"id":15794,"date":"2026-05-04T06:38:01","date_gmt":"2026-05-03T22:38:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15794"},"modified":"2026-05-04T06:38:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T22:38:01","slug":"%e7%ba%a6%e7%bf%b0%e6%85%95%e7%90%86%e3%80%8a%e7%bd%97%e9%a9%ac%e4%ba%ba%e4%b9%a6%e6%b3%a8%e9%87%8a%e3%80%8b%e5%8d%b71_17c%ef%bc%88%e7%bd%975%ef%bc%9a7-14%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15794","title":{"rendered":"\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_17c\uff08\u7f575\uff1a7-14\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3e361a0bf .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3e361a0bf video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3e361a0bf { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3e361a0bf { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e3e361a0bf .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff 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class=\"popup_close_btn\">&times;<\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"h5vp_popup_overlay\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- for library  -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<video   data-poster=\"\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\tpreload=\"auto\"\r\n                                                            >\r\n                    <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u89e3\u7ecf\u91ca\u7ecf\/2019_\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u53771\/\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_17c\uff08\u7f575\uff1a7-14\uff09\/playlist.m3u8\" size=\"720\" type=\"video\/mp4\"\/>\r\n                                        \r\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/video>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<!-- for youtube -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <style>\r\n .player15793  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player15793 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player15793{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player15793 .plyr__controls 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data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player15793\" id=\"player15793\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u89e3\u7ecf\u91ca\u7ecf\/2019_\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u53771\/\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_17c\uff08\u7f575\uff1a7-14\uff09.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_17c (5:7-14)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u5170\u6708\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e665:12\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u5230\u76ee\u524d\uff0c<strong>\u6155<\/strong>\u6307\u51fa\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c12\u8282\u5230\u7b2c21\u8282\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>solidaric relationship\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u5934\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u8ba4\u540c\uff1b\u9996\u5148\u6709\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u8bb2\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u4ef6\u662f\u7f6a\u600e\u4e48\u8fdb\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u8fdb\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u501f\u7740<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u2014\u2014<strong>\u4e9a\u5f53\uff0c<\/strong>\u4ed6\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u662f\u600e\u4e48<strong>\u904d\u6ee1\u4e86<\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u3001<strong>\u6c81\u5165\u4e86<\/strong>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a<\/strong>in that all sinned\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u662f<strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\u82f1\u6587\u548c\u4e2d\u6587\u7b2c12\u8282\uff1a<strong>Therefore<\/strong><strong>\uff0cas through one man sin entered into the world\uff0cand death through sin\uff1b and so death passed unto all men\uff0cfor that all sinned:<\/strong>\u2014\u2014<strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u5982\u7f6a\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4eba\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6b7b\u53c8\u662f\u4ece\u7f6a\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u4e8e\u662f\u6b7b\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002(\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66 5:12 \u548c\u5408\u672c)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b63\u597d\u8c61\u7f6a\u501f\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6b7b\u53c8\u662f\u4ece\u7f6a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<\/strong>(\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66 5:12 \u65b0\u8bd1\u672c)<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462<\/strong>\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762<strong>\u6155\u7406<\/strong>\u8981\u7528\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b7b\u4e34\u5230\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u8ddf<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca<strong>\u7b2c12\u8282<\/strong>\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u4f17\u4eba<\/strong>\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u3002<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0<\/strong>\uff08Pelagius\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u7ea6360\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff0c420\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u3001<strong>\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa<\/strong>\u8fd8\u6709<strong>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766<\/strong>\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9<strong>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/strong>\u6d3e\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5815\u843d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u8bba<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4<strong>\u539f\u7f6a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6240\u4e0d\u914d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f97\u6551\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e0d\u662f\u5f97\u6551\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u8bf4\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u201d\uff08if I ought I can\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u795e\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u795e\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5728\u516c\u5143431\u5e74<strong>\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u5927\u4f1a<\/strong>\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u73b0\u5728\u6709<strong>\u534a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f<strong>\u5929\u4e3b\u6559<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f<strong>\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/strong>\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u963f\u6c11\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8981\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u4e94\u7ae012\u8282\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7f6a\u6216\u8005<strong>\u672c\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762<strong>\u6155\u7406<\/strong>\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u9a73\u65a5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e00<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>It is not historically true. <\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<strong>Not all die because they actually and voluntarily sin. <\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u81ea\u613f\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\u800c\u6b7b\u7684\u3002<strong>Infants die<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u5a74\u513f\u4f1a<\/strong>\u592d\u6298\uff0c<strong>and they do not voluntarily sin. <\/strong>\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c<\/strong>\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\uff0cI<strong>n verses 13 and 14 Paul says the opposite&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c13\u300114\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u521a\u597d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684&#8211;<strong>death reigned over those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam&#8217;s transgression. <\/strong>\u6b7b\u4e5f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u5b50\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a<strong>\u505a\u738b\u3002It is futile to try to evade the direct bearing of this fact upon the view in question. <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u600e\u4e48\u5e94\u7528\u5728<strong>\u8003\u8651\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002<strong>If all die because they are guilty of actual transgression<\/strong><strong>\uff0cthen they die because they sin just as Adam did. <\/strong>\u7f6a\u4eba\u6b7b\u82e5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<\/strong>\u800c\u6709\u7f6a\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<strong>But Paul says the reverse<\/strong><strong>\uff1b<\/strong>\u4f46\u662f<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff1b<strong>some died even though they did not sin after the pattern of Adam.<\/strong>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u5374\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e09<\/strong>\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\uff0cT<strong>he most conclusive refutation of the view in question<\/strong>\u6700\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9a73\u65a5<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u6700\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f<strong>is the explicit and repeated affirmations of the context<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u660e\u6587\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u8bf4<strong>that condemnation and death reign over all because of the <em>one sin<\/em> of the <em>one man <\/em>Adam. <\/strong>\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u505a\u738b\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53<strong><em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/em>On at least five occasions in verses 15-19 this is asserted&#8211;<\/strong>\u4ece\u7b2c15\u523019\u8282\u81f3\u5c115\u6b21\u4fdd\u7f57\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf4\u7684&#8211;\uff08<strong>verse 15<\/strong>\u7b2c15\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>by the trespass of the one the many died<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\uff08<strong>verse 16<\/strong><strong>\uff0c16<\/strong>\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>the judgment was from one unto condemnation<\/strong><strong>\uff1b<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u5c31\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5ba1\u5224\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4eba\u800c\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 17<\/strong>\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>by the trespass of the one death reigned through the one<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u6b7b\u5c31\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u738b\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 18<\/strong>\u5341\u516b\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>through one trespass judgment came upon all men unto condemnation<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 19<\/strong>\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>through the disobedience of the one man the many were constituted sinners<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6096\u9006\u4f17\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u3010<strong>\u65b0\u8bd1\u672c\u3011<\/strong>\u56e0\u7740\u90a3\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u6096\u9006\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u7f6a\u4eba\u201d\u3002\uff085\u6b21\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>This reiteration establishes beyond doubt that the apostle regarded the condemnation and death as having passed on to all men by the one trespass of the one man Adam. <\/strong><strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u91cd\u590d\uff0c<\/strong>\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4fdd\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u7684<strong>\u8fc7\u72af\u3002This sustained appeal to the one sin of the one man rules out the possibility of construing it as equivalent to the actual personal transgressions of countless individuals.<\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\uff08\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\uff0c\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u56db<\/strong><strong>\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0cThis view is inconsistent with the analogy which supplies the framework of this passage as a whole. <\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587(\u5c31\u662f12-21\u8282)\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<strong>The polemic of this epistle is directed against the thesis that we are justified by works<\/strong>\uff0c\u6574\u5377\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e49\uff1b<strong>and the doctrine being established is<\/strong> \u800c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f<strong>men are justified and attain to life by the righteousness of the one<\/strong><strong>\uff0cJesus Christ. <\/strong>\u4eba<strong>\u79f0\u4e49<\/strong>\u3001\u4eba\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u662f\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684<strong>\u4e49\uff0c<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684<strong>\u4e49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>How contradictory would be the appeal to the parallel obtaining on the side of condemnation and death if Paul finds the basis of the condemnation and death of all in the actual transgression of each individual.<\/strong>\u5047\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<\/strong>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u4e0e\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684<strong>\u76f8\u53cd\u4e00\u9762<\/strong>\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If this latter were Paul&#8217;s teaching<\/strong> \u5047\u5982\u540e\u8005\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u6559\u5bfc\u7684<strong>here the parallel that would be necessary on the other side would be justified by works<\/strong>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u8fb9\u5e73\u884c\u3001\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u8fb9\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c<strong>that each individual will be justified by his own actions<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e49<strong>and attain to life on that basis.<\/strong> \u4e5f\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3002<strong>But we know that this is the reverse of Paul&#8217;s teaching. <\/strong>\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>On these grounds<\/strong> \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u7406\u7531<strong>we must reject the supposition that when Paul says<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\u201cin that all sinned\u201d he means the actual voluntary sins of all men. \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b<\/strong>\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bf4\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u4f17\u4eba\u7684<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6155\u7406\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>In the Augustinian tradition it has often been maintained that the clause in question refers to original sin<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a<strong>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/strong>\u7684\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u662f\u6307<strong>\u539f\u7f6a\uff0cto it that all posterity became depraved in Adam. <\/strong>\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u90fd\u5815\u843d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hence the thought would be <\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f<strong>that death penetrated to all because all derived from Adam a corrupt nature<\/strong>\u6b7b\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\u3001\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u4ece\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d25\u574f\u7684<strong>\u4eba\u6027and the ground upon which condemnation and death wield their universal sway<\/strong> \u90a3\u4e48\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u638c\u7ba1\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f<strong>is that al<\/strong><strong>\uff0ceven infants\uff0care afflicted with this hereditary taint. <\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u5a74\u5b69\uff0c\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5148\u5929\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>This view stands on more biblical ground than the foregoing<\/strong> . \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u7528<strong>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/strong>\u7684<strong>\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba<\/strong>\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7b2c12\u8282\u6700\u540e\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5c31\u6bd4\u524d\u9762\u7684<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u66f4\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002<strong>It is true that all are by nature defiled and depraved by sin<\/strong> \u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5a74\u5b69\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u672c\u6027\u4e0a\u7531\u7f6a\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f6a\u800c\u8d25\u574f\u5815\u843d\u4e86<strong>and this of itself does entail universal condemnation and death.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6155\u7406\u7684\u6279\u5224But there are also good reasons for thinking that this is not the sin the apostle has in mind when he says\uff0c\u201cin that all sinned\u201d.<\/strong> \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u7684\u3002<strong>There are two conclusive objections.<\/strong> \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0cIt is inconsistent with the repeated affirmation of verses 15-19<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7b2c15-19\u8282\u591a\u6b21\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<strong>to the effect that condemnation and death came to reign over all by the reason of the one sin of the one man Adam.<\/strong> 15-19\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u505a\u738b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<strong>This sustained emphasis upon the one trespass of the one man<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u8fd9\u91cc\u575a\u6301\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<strong>does not comport with the notion of original sin or hereditary depravity.<\/strong> \u4e0e<strong>\u539f\u7f6a(<\/strong>\u5c31\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u5815\u843d)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<strong>The latter cannot by any means be characterized as the one sin of the one man. <\/strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u72af\u7f6a\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0<strong>\u539f\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0cIt is inconsistent with a parallel which is drawn in this passage as a whole.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u79cd\u7528<strong>\u539f\u7f6a<\/strong>\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0e\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u6240\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<strong>We are not justified on the ground that we are made inherently righteous.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e49\u7684\u4e49\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u79f0\u4e49<strong>\u89c2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>But if we are condemned and suffered death because we are depraved and inherently sinful the only analogy or parallel to this would be that we are justified because we become inherently holy.<\/strong> \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5815\u843d\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\u800c\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u906d\u53d7\u6b7b\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e49\u7684\u4e49\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u3002<strong>And this is plainly not Paul&#8217;s doctrine.<\/strong> \u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002<strong>We are justified and attained to life by the obedience and righteousness of the one<\/strong><strong>\uff0cnamely\uff0cJesus Christ.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u987a\u670d\u548c\u7942\u7684\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If neither the actual transgressions of men nor the depravity with which all are inflicted will comport with the teaching of this passage the question still remains: what sin is in view when Paul says<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\u201cin that all sinned\u201d?<\/strong> \u90a3\u4e48\u65e2\u7136\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u7f6a<\/strong>\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684<strong>\u539f\u7f6a<\/strong>\u6240\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u5815\u843d\u4e5f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u95ee\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bf4\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f<strong>The following considerations lead to one conclusion<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8003\u8651\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u662f<strong>for some reason<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u539f\u56e0<strong>the one sin of the one man Adam is accounted to be the sin of all.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u88ab\u7b97\u4e3a\u662f\u3001\u88ab\u5f52\u7b97\u4e3a\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u72af\u4e86\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e9a\u5f53\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f52\u7b97\u4e3a\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0cIt is unquestionable that the universal sway of death is represented in verse 12 as based upon the fact that \u201call sinned\u201d&#8211;<\/strong> \u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6b7b\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u505a\u738b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u7b2c12\u8282&#8211;\u201c<strong>death passed on to all men on the ground of the fact that all sinned<\/strong> \u201d.\u6b7b\u5c31<strong>\u4e34\u5230<\/strong>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a12\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8cIn verses 15-19 it is asserted with equal clearness that the universal reign of death is based on the one trespass of the one man Adam <\/strong>15-19\u8282\u540c\u6837\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\u6b7b\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u738b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<strong>and<\/strong><strong>\uff0cin like manner\uff0cuniversal condemnation is based on the same fact of the one sin of the one man.<\/strong> \u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u6839\u636e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff083\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0cWe cannot suppose that the apostle is dealing with two different facts when in verse 12 the death of all is grounded upon the sin of all and when in the subsequent verses the death of all is grounded upon the one sin of the one man.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7f57\u8fd9\u91cc\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c12\u8282\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4f17\u4eba\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u8282\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The whole passage is unit.<\/strong> 12-21\u8282\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u3002<strong>The central Strand<\/strong> \u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u662f<strong>the analogy that exists between the passing of condemnation and death to all by the sin of the one man and the passing of justification and life to the justified by the righteousness of Christ.<\/strong> \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5c31\u4f20\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u3002<strong>Furthermore <\/strong>\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c<strong>verse 12 is an unfinished comparison<\/strong> \u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>It would be out of the question to suppose that the apostle<\/strong><strong>\uff0cdealing as he is with the universal reign of death\uff0cshould so explicitly and repeatedly affirm in a succeeding verse something quite different from that which he affirms in the unfinished introduction to his argument.<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6b7b\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u505a\u738b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u8282\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u660e\u6587\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u572812\u8282\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If verse 12 were in a context of its own<\/strong> \u5047\u5982\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u91cc\u9762<strong>and if there were an obvious transition from one subject to another<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u800c\u5047\u5982<strong>\u7ecf\u6587<\/strong>\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4fdd\u7f57\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6709\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\uff0c<strong>then we might say that in verse 12 he deals with one fact and in verses 15-19 with another.<\/strong> \u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u7b2c12\u8282\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u572815-19\u8282\u5728\u5904\u7406\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>We cannot posit such transition<\/strong> \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8f6c\u6298<strong>for the simple reason<\/strong> \u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355<strong>that verse 12 relies upon the succeeding verses to complete the subject which is introduced.<\/strong>\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u8981\u9760\u7740\u4e0b\u9762\u90a3\u51e0\u8282(\u7279\u522b\u662f15-19\u8282)\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\uff0c12\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8981\u9760\u4e0b\u976215\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u90a3\u6bb5\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And finally<\/strong><strong>\uff0cas noted earlier\uff0c<\/strong>\u6700\u540e\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c<strong>verse 14 makes it impossible to interpret \u201call sinned\u201d in verse 12 as we might be disposed to interpret it if we stood apart from what follows.<\/strong> \u7b2c14\u8282\u5c31\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u7b2c12\u8282\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u4efb\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u601d\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f12\u8282\u4e0e\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c14\u8282\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u3002\u201c<strong>All sinned<\/strong><strong>\u201d cannot mean the actual voluntary transgressions of men because if this were the case Paul would have contradicted himself.<\/strong> \u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82e5\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4fdd\u7f57\u5c31\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>For all these reasons<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c<strong>we must conclude<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<strong>that the \u201call sinned\u201d of verse 12 and the one trespass of the one man of verses 15-19 must refer to the same fact or event<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>12\u8282\u7684\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u548c15-19\u8282\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0cthat the one fact can be expressed in terms of both singularity and plurality as a sin of the one and a sin of all.<\/strong> \u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u6570\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u590d\u6570\u4f17\u4eba\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And the only solution is<\/strong> \u552f\u4e00\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f<strong>there must be some kind of solidarity existing between the \u201cone\u201d and the \u201call\u201d<\/strong> \u4e00\u4eba\u548c\u4f17\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u7740\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb<strong>with the result that<\/strong> \u7ed3\u679c\u662f<strong>the sin of the one may be at the same time and with equal relevance be regarded as the sin of all.<\/strong> \u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e26\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<strong>What this solidarity is it is not our purpose at present to determine.<\/strong> \u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462?\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>But once the fact of solidarity is appreciated<\/strong><strong>\uff0cthen we understand why the apostle can speak of the one sin and the sin of all.<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bba\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u548c\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<strong>We must not tone down either the singularity or the universality.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b2\u6de1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b2\u6de1\u4f17\u4eba\u590d\u6570\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>We are now in the position to grasp the force of the comparison or correspondence implied in the continuative\u00a0 \u201cand so\u201d in verse 12.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u5230\u7b2c12\u8282\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<strong>A comparison is instituted<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83<strong>between the way in which sin and death <em>entered <\/em>and the way in which they became universal.<\/strong> \u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u548c\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5982\u4f55\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<strong>Adam sinned and with sin came death. There is an inevitable sequence.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u800c\u6b7b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f6a\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>But the same sequence applies to all.<\/strong> \u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<strong>Since the sin of Adam is the sin of all\uff0c<\/strong>\u65e2\u7136\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c<strong>death spreads to all as inevitably as it fell to the lot of Adam and thus entered the world<\/strong> . \u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u6b7b\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u4f20\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5fc5\u7136\u4e34\u5230\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b7b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8fdb\u5165\u5230<strong>\u4e16\u754c<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002<strong>The immediate sequence exemplified in Adam in the entrance of death applies also to the universal reign of death.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6b7b\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u6b7b\u5728\u5168<strong>\u4e16\u754c\u505a\u738b<\/strong>\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The solidarity existing between Adam and posterity establishes a correspondence between that which is exemplified in the case of Adam himself and that which happens to the whole human race.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u548c\u4ed6\u540e\u88d4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfbcorrespondence\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<strong>Adam sinned and death entered<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u6b7b\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\uff0c<strong>in Adam all sinned and therefore death passed through to all.<\/strong> \u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b7b\u5c31\u4f20\u5230\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<strong>This is the force of <\/strong><strong>\u201cand so\u201d.<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u201d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>There is an exact parallel between what occurred in the case of Adam himself and that which occurred in the case of all.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u548c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002<strong>And the parallel in this case can only be properly understood if we appreciate the solidarity in sin.<\/strong> \u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f53\u4f1a\u5728\u7f6a\u91cc\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u548c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u7f6a\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<strong>Paul says elsewhere<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\uff08I Cor. 15:22)\u201cin Adam all die\u201d.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u6587(<strong>\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66<\/strong>\u7b2c15:22)\u8bf4\u201c\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\u3002<strong>The only adequate explanation is that provided by Romans 5:12 that in Adam all sin.<\/strong> \u552f\u4e00\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u89e3\u91ca(\u89e3\u91ca<strong>\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66<\/strong>15:22)\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66<strong>5:12<\/strong>\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u505c\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 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