{"id":15760,"date":"2026-05-04T06:18:25","date_gmt":"2026-05-03T22:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15760"},"modified":"2026-05-04T06:18:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T22:18:25","slug":"%e7%ba%a6%e7%bf%b0%e6%85%95%e7%90%86%e3%80%8a%e7%bd%97%e9%a9%ac%e4%ba%ba%e4%b9%a6%e6%b3%a8%e9%87%8a%e3%80%8b%e5%8d%b71_24%ef%bc%88%e7%bd%975%ef%bc%9a12%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15760","title":{"rendered":"\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_24\uff08\u7f575\uff1a12\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3e11da065 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3e11da065 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3e11da065 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3e11da065 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e3e11da065 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff }#h5vp6a3e3e11da065 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  <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_24\uff08\u7f575\uff1a12\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u5170\u6708\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e03\u8bb2\u8bb2\u4e49\u662f\u572852\u9875\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f<strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u91cc\u9762\u8ddf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u3002\u7b2c52\u9875\u6700\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And just as the sin, condemnation, and death in which all members of the race are involved can never be construed or estimated in purely individualistic terms,<\/strong> \u6b63\u5982\u7f6a-\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<strong>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1b<strong>\u540c\u6837so we never find righteousness, justification, and life in operation except as the solidarity constituted by God&#8217;s grace is brought to bear upon a human situation.<\/strong>\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5230\u4e49\u3001\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u600e\u4e48\u8bbe\u7acb\u90a3\u4e2a<strong>\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c<\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c<\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178<strong>\u4e34\u5230<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>There is an identity of <em>modus operandi<\/em><\/strong> \u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684<strong>and this <em>modus operandi<\/em> in God&#8217;s dealings with men belongs to the integrity of his established government.<\/strong> <strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/strong>\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c<strong>\u5c31<\/strong>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684<strong>\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99<\/strong>\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb <strong>government<\/strong><strong>\uff0c government<\/strong> \u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<strong>It is the broad perspective of the divine philosophy of divine-human relationships that come before us in this passage. <\/strong>\u8fd9<strong>\u6bb5<\/strong>\u7ecf\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u5bbd\u5e7f<\/strong>\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6216\u8005\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And to aver that this passage is extraneous to the doctrine of the apostle<\/strong>\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f<strong>\u79bb\u9898<\/strong>\u7684\uff1b<strong>or a digression in the style of rabbinical allegorizing<\/strong> \u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u7528\u4e86<strong>\u62c9\u6bd4<\/strong>\u7684<strong>\u5bd3\u610f<\/strong>\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<strong>\u79bb\u9898<\/strong>\u7684\u8bdd<strong>is to miss what is pivotal in the central thesis of this epistle<\/strong> . <strong>\u8981\u662f<\/strong>\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u6574\u5377\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u6ca1\u6709<strong>\u5403\u8fc7\u7981\u679c<\/strong>\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b\u90a3\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d7\u6b7b\u3001\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u9762\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ddf\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Romans 5:12<\/strong> \u7f57\u9a6c\u4e665\u7ae012\u8282\u8bb2\u4e49\u768454\u9875\u5148\u8bfb\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u5982\u7f6a\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4eba\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6b7b\u53c8\u662f\u4ece\u7f6a\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u4e8e\u662f\u6b7b\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6155\u7406<\/strong>\u7684\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684<strong>\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/strong>12 T<strong>herefore<\/strong><strong>\uff0c as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned:&#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb<strong>\u65b0\u8bd1\u672c<\/strong> \uff1a<strong>\u6b63\u597d\u8c61\u7f6a\u501f\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6b7b\u53c8\u662f\u4ece\u7f6a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>12\u00a0 The close logical connection between this passage and that which precedes is shown by the \u201ctherefore\u201d with which verse 12 begins.<\/strong> \u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u7528\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0812-21\u8282\uff09\u548c\u524d\u6587\u662f\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002<strong>There is considerable difference of opinion as to how much of the preceding context is to be regarded as applying the basis of the conclusion which verses 12 ff.\u00a0 enunciate,<\/strong> \u90a3\u4e48\u7a76\u7adf\u7b2c12\u8282\u523021\u8282\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u6839\u636e\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684<strong>\u524d\u6587\u5462\uff1f<\/strong>\u5b66\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u5206\u6b67\u7684, <strong>whether verse 11 merely<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u6307<strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>11\u8282\u5462\uff1b<strong>or verses 1-11\u00a0 <\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae01-11\u8282\u5462<strong>or 3:21-5:11<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae021\u8282-5\u7ae011\u8282\u5462<strong>or the whole of the preceding part of the epistle from 1:18 onwards.<\/strong> \u6216\u8005\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae018\u8282\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e94\u7ae0<strong>11<\/strong>\u8282\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is impossible to be dogmatic,<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b66\u65ad\uff0c<strong>and this is not a question of great moment.<\/strong> \u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<strong>Suffice it to know that we have here a conclusion intimately germane to the doctrine unfolded earlier.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981<strong>\u77e5\u9053<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684<strong>\u6559\u4e49<\/strong>\u662f\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verse 12 clearly begins a comparison but does not complete it.<\/strong> \u7b2c12\u8282\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c<strong>\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u3002<strong>At the middle of the verse we have the words <\/strong><strong>\u201cand so\u201d<\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c12\u8282\u5462\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u201c<strong>and so<\/strong><strong>\u201d\u540c\u6837 which must not be rendered \u201ceven so\u201d.<\/strong>\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210<strong>even so<\/strong> \u3002<strong>The latter closes a comparison<\/strong> \u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u7b2c12\u8282\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u628a\u5b83\u7ed3\u675f<strong>but the former<\/strong><strong>\uff0cas here,\u00a0 carries on what has been affirmed and is cooperative or continuative.<\/strong> \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u8981<strong>\u8bf4<\/strong>\u524d\u9762\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u73b0\u5728<strong>\u7ee7\u7eed<\/strong>\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3001<strong>\u7ee7\u7eed<\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Most interpreters recognize this and do not argue the question.<\/strong> \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684<strong>\u89e3\u7ecf\u5bb6<\/strong>\u540c\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u7b2c55\u9875\u3002\uff09<strong>Verse 12 is an unfinished comparison<\/strong> \uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b<strong>it has a protasis but not an apodosis.<\/strong> \u5b83\u6709<strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5<\/strong>\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709<strong>\u5f52\u7ed3\u5b50\u53e5\u3002<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u6709<strong>\u5047\u5982<\/strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a<strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u3002Therefore it is an unfinished sentence.<\/strong> \u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002<strong>Why so<\/strong><strong>\uff1f<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5462\uff1f<strong>It is not difficult to find the reason.<\/strong> \u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>In verse 12, particularly at the end, the apostle had stated something which needed a parenthesis\u00a0 <\/strong>\u7b2c12\u8282\u7279\u522b\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u62ec\u53f7<\/strong>\u7684<strong>and this parenthesis we have in verses 13, 14.<\/strong> \u800c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u8282\u8ddf\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8282\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u62ec\u5f27\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>In other words<\/strong> \u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c<strong>the facts stated in verse 12 dictated the necessity of adding without delay the data given in verses 13 and 14. <\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c12\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u51fa\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u9a6c\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a<strong>13<\/strong><strong>\u300114<\/strong>\u8282\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<strong>\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u3002Hence the particular thought of verse 12 is broken off at the end of the verse,<\/strong> \u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c12\u8282\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5c31\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\uff0c\u523012\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86<strong>and it so happens that the apostle did not come back again to complete his comparison uh in terms of verse 12. <\/strong>\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7b2c12\u8282\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u5b8c\u7684\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong>\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<strong>This should not<\/strong> <strong>perplex us.<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paul did not follow stereotyped stylistic patterns<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f2\u4ece\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u98ce\u683c<strong>and, as we shall see, the parenthesis which broke off the comparison is a very eloquent one.<\/strong> \u4ed6\u628a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u65ad\u6389\u7684\u62ec\u5f27\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4f18\u7f8e<strong>\u3002The comparison is incomplete but the thought is not broken off.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6bd4\u8f83\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<strong>The development of thought dictated the construction of which we find here.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u53d1\u6325\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9020\u53e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\uff08\u7b2c56\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cThrough one man sin entered into the world.<\/strong> <strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f6a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201d<strong>The one man is without question Adam <\/strong><strong>\uff08vs. 14). <\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6307<strong>\u4e9a\u5f53\uff08\u53c2\u7167<\/strong>\u7b2c14\u8282\uff09\u3002<strong>The account given in Genesis 3 is the basis of the statement<\/strong> <strong>and the apostle places his imprimatur upon the authenticity of this account.<\/strong> <strong>\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u3001\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1<strong>\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7684<strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f<strong>\u524d\u5386\u53f2pre-history\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The importance attached to this incident of Genesis three is attested<\/strong> <strong>by the fact that the subsequent development of his argument turns on it.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57<strong>\u89c1\u8bc1<\/strong>\u4e86<strong>\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0<\/strong>\u4e09\u7ae0\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0b\u6587\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<strong>That sin entered the world through one man<\/strong><strong>\u7f6a\u501f\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e is an integral element of the comparison or parallel upon which is to be built Paul&#8217;s doctrine of justification.<\/strong> \u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u6574\u4e2a<strong>\u5e73\u884c<\/strong>\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u6574\u4e2a\u7684<strong>\u56e0\u4fe1<\/strong>\u79f0<strong>\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u5e73\u884c<\/strong>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>This attests the crucial place it occupies in his esteem.<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86<strong>\u6574\u9879<\/strong>\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5728<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684<strong>\u5173\u952e\u6027\u3002It is to evacuate exegesis to suppose that it is only incidental.<\/strong> \u5047\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f<strong>\u5076\u7136<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u9644\u5e26<\/strong>\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<strong>\u89e3\u7ecf<\/strong>\u5c31\u6ce1\u6c64\u4e86\u3002<strong>When he says <\/strong><strong>\u201centered into the world\u201d<\/strong>\u5f53\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7f6a\u201c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019<strong>he refers to the beginning of sin in the human race<\/strong> \u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u7f6a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u91cc\u7684\u5f00\u59cb<strong>and <\/strong><strong>\u201cthe world<\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u201d<strong>means the sphere of human existence.<\/strong> \u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<strong>Paul<\/strong> <strong>does not reflect here upon the inception of sin as such.<\/strong> <strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7f6a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba<strong>\u5929\u4f7f<\/strong>\u7684\u5815\u843d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\uff08\u7b2c57\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cAnd through sin death<\/strong> <strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong>\u7f6a\u3001\u6b7b\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u201d&#8211;<strong>again there is allusion to Genesis 2:17<\/strong><strong>\uff1b3:19.\uff09 <\/strong>\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u6697\u6307\u7740<strong>\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae017\u8282\u548c\u4e09\u7ae019\u8282\u3002<strong>The juxtaposition of sin and death bears the emphasis.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u5217\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u3002<strong>On the question as to whether the moral or the spiritual aspects of death and the eternal consequences are comprised in the word <\/strong><strong>\u201cdeath\u201d\uff0c<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u95ee\u4e86\u201c\u6b7b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u6b7b\u7684<strong>\u9053\u5fb7<\/strong>\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e<strong>\u7075<\/strong>\u7684\u6b7b\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u6b7b<strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>one thing must be appreciated<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f53\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e<strong>that in the usage of scripture and in the conception of Paul <\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u601d\u8def\u4e2d<strong>the dissolution which consists in the separation of body and spirit and return to dust of the former had far more significance as the epitome of the wages of sin than we are disposed to attach to it. <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u559c\u6b22\u8bb2\u7684\u662f<strong>\u7075\u91cc<\/strong>\u7684\u6b7b\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0e\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u5206\u5272\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u56de\u5230\u5c18\u571f\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u6bd4\u8d77<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u8ddf\u4fdd\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7f6a\u7684<strong>\u5de5\u4ef7<\/strong>\u7684\u9ad8<strong>\u5cf0\uff0c\u6bd4<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The catastrophe of misery which befell mankind by sin is summed up in this dissolution<\/strong> \u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f6a\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75db\u82e6<strong>and it exemplifies the principle of separation which comes to expression in all aspects of death.<\/strong> \u6b7b\u3001\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5728\u6b7b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<strong>\u5c42\u9762\u3001<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>In verse 14 it is this death that is in view<\/strong>\u7b2c14\u8282\u6240\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u6b7b\u5c31\u662f\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b7b\u3001\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u6b7b<strong>and there is no need to introduce other aspects of death in the subsequent references to the universal reign of death (vss. 15,17). <\/strong>\u6240\u4ee5<strong>\u540e\u6587<\/strong>\u6240\u6307\u7684\u6b7b\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u505a\u738b\uff08<strong>\u7b2c15\uff0c<\/strong>17\u8282\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u662f\u6307\u5176\u4ed6\u6b7b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u7075\u91cc\u7684\u6b7b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is this aspect of death that is in the forefront in Genesis 2:27<\/strong><strong>\uff0c3:19, <\/strong>\u5728<strong>\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0<\/strong>2\u7ae017\u8282\u30013\u7ae019\u8282\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u6b7b <strong>and although it is true that death in all its aspects is the wages of sin<\/strong>\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6b7b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u7f6a\u7684<strong>\u5de5\u4ef7\uff0c<\/strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c<strong>yet there is not sufficient evidence to show that the apostle is comprehending all these aspects in his purview when he says \u201cand death through sin\u201d.<\/strong> \u5f53<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u8bf4\u201c<strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong>\u7f6a\u6b7b\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6307\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7075\u91cc\u7684\u6b7b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c<strong>\u8bc1\u636e<\/strong>\u4e0d\u8db3\u591f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the second half of verse 12<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c12\u8282\u7684<strong>\u4e0b\u534awe have a continuous comparison introduced by \u201cand so<\/strong> \u201d.\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u7ee7\u7eed<\/strong>\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u662f\u201c<strong>and so<\/strong> <strong>\u56e0\u6b64\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<strong>In order to grasp the force of this<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c<strong>and so<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u610f\u601d<strong>we must know the specific thought of the two parts of the verse. <\/strong>\u00a0\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7b2c12\u8282<strong>\u4e0a<\/strong>\u8ddf12\u8282<strong>\u4e0b<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<strong>In the first half<\/strong>\u7b2c12\u8282\u7684<strong>\u4e0a\u534a<\/strong>\u8282<strong>the accent falls upon the <em>entrance <\/em>of sin and death through <em>one man<\/em><\/strong> .<strong>\u4e0a\u534a<\/strong>\u8282\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u7f6a\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u3001\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u900f\u8fc7<strong><em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<strong>In the second half<\/strong>\u800c\u4e0b\u534a\u622a\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f<strong>the accent falls upon the universal <em>penetration <\/em>of death and the sin of <em>all.<\/em><\/strong>\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u6b7b\u6e17\u900f\u4e86\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And a correspondence is intimated as obtaining between the way in which death <em>entered <\/em>the world and the way in which it <em>permeated <\/em>to the whole human race.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u91cc<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u6697\u793a\u7740\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u4e92\u76f8<\/strong>\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u662f\u600e\u4e48<strong><em>\u8fdb\u5165<\/em><\/strong>\u5230<strong>\u4eba\u7c7b<\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u6b7b\u662f\u600e\u4e48<strong><em>\u6e17\u900f\u904d\u53ca<\/em><\/strong>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002<strong>It <em>entered <\/em>through the sin of the <em>one man<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\uff1b<\/em><\/strong><strong>it permeated to the sin of <em>all.<\/em><\/strong> \u6b7b\u662f<strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong><strong><em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u7f6a<strong><em>\u8fdb\u5165<\/em><\/strong>\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u6b7b\u662f<strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong>\u4f17\u4eba<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a<strong>\u904d\u53ca<\/strong><strong><em>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b<\/em><\/strong>\u3002<strong>To say the matter more fully: <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6765\u8bf4<strong>just as sin and death <em>entered <\/em>the world through the sin of the one man, <\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b<strong>\u85c9\u7740<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u4eba<\/strong>\u7684\u7f6a<strong><em>\u8fdb\u5165<\/em><\/strong>\u5230\u4e16\u754c\uff0c<strong>so death <em>permeated <\/em>to all men because all sinned. <\/strong>\u540c\u6837\u7684\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd<strong>\u6b7b\u4e86<\/strong>\u7f6a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5c31<strong><em>\u904d\u53ca<\/em><\/strong><em>\u4e86<strong>\u6e17\u900f\u4e86<\/strong><\/em>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c59\u9875<strong>So although verse 12 is an unfinished comparison, <\/strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c12\u8282\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u672a<\/strong>\u5b8c\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c <strong>containing the protasis but not apodosis, <\/strong><strong>\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u7ed3\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u201c\u5047\u5982\u201d\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u201d\uff0cyet the comparison that is implicit in the two parts of the protasis may be stated in the form of a protasis and apodosis as stated in the foregoing sentence.<\/strong> \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c<strong>\u5047\u5982\u201d\uff0c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5<\/strong>\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5206\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u505a\u662f<strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5<\/strong>\u8ddf<strong>\u5f52\u7ed3\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c<\/strong>\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u53e5\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hence the thought of the apostle is plainly <\/strong><strong>\u6240\u4ee5<\/strong>\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662f<strong> that the entrance of sin and death is caused by the sin of Adam and the universal reign of death is caused by the sin of all.<\/strong> \u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u4f5c\u4e3a<strong>\u6210\u56e0<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b7b\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u3001\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<strong>And we must not suppose that the Pelagian interpretation of this verse, whereby the sin of all is construed as the actual sins of all men, is refuted by the consideration that verse 12 is an unfinished comparison.<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4e3a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u80fd\u591f<strong>\u9a73\u65a5<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u4f17\u4eba\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b<strong>\u5177\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u3002\u4f60\u8981<strong>\u9a73\u65a5\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f60\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u8bf4\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verse 12 of itself is compatible with a Pelagian interpretation<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u7b2c12\u8282\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7528<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u662f\u6307\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7684<strong>\u672c\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u7f6a\u884c\uff0cand if Paul had entertained the Pelagian view <\/strong>\u800c\u5047\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u662f\u6301<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8bdd<strong>he could have stated it admirably well in these terms.<\/strong> \u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u8bf4<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bf4\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7f8e\u3002<strong>The whole question revolves <\/strong>\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<strong>on the meaning of the last clause in verse 12, <\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c12\u8282\u6700\u540e\u7684<strong>\u5b50<\/strong>\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c<strong>\u201cin that all sinned\u201d. <\/strong><strong>\u201c<\/strong> \u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c60\u9875<strong>There can be no question but the fact that <\/strong><strong>\u201call sinned\u201d is stated in the most explicit fashion to be the ground upon which death penetrated to all men<\/strong>\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff0c<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u660e\u8bf4\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u662f\u6b7b<strong>\u4e34\u5230<\/strong>\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u6839\u636e\u6216\u8005\u7406\u7531\uff1b<strong>just as the sin of Adam is the reason why death entered the world<\/strong> . \u6b63\u5982\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b7b<strong>\u8fdb\u5165<\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The crucial question is:<\/strong>\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f:<strong>What is meant by \u201cin that all sinned<\/strong> \u201d?\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f<strong>It is quite unnecessary to argue the propriety of this translation.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u8fa9\u8bba\uff1a\u54e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e86\u3002<strong>The clause should not be rendered <\/strong><strong>\u201cin whom all sinned\u201d.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u201c\u5728\u4ed6\u91cc\u9762\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The terms used have the force of the conjunction <\/strong><strong>\u201cbecause\u201d or \u201con the ground of the fact that\u201d\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u7684\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c<strong>because<\/strong> \u56e0\u4e3a\u201d\u6216\u8005\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e<strong>and clearly specified the reason why death went through to all men.<\/strong> <strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u6307\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b7b<strong>\u4e34\u5230<\/strong>\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If Paul meant the death passed upon all because all men were guilty of actual transgression,<\/strong> \u5047\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u610f\u601d\u771f\u662f\u6b7b<strong>\u4e34\u5230<\/strong>\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7684\u786e\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u8bdd<strong>this is the way he should have said it<\/strong>. \u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u561b\uff08\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u76f4\u8bf4\uff09\u3002<strong>At least no more suitable way could be considered.<\/strong> \u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>There are conclusive objections to this view <\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684<strong>on factual, exegetical, and theological grounds. <\/strong>\u00a0\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3001\u6709\u89e3\u7ecf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3001\u6709<strong>\u795e\u5b66<\/strong>\u7684\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709<strong>\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\u8fc7\u72af\u3002\uff08P61\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e00<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>It is not historically true. <\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<strong>Not all die because they actually and voluntarily sin. <\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u81ea\u613f\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\u800c\u6b7b\u7684\u3002<strong>Infants die<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>and they do not voluntarily sin. <\/strong><strong>\u5a74\u513f\u4f1a<\/strong>\u592d\u6298\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u72af\u8fc7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c<\/strong>\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\uff0cI<strong>n verses 13 and 14 Paul says the opposite&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c13\u300114\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684&#8211;<strong>death reigned over those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam&#8217;s transgression. <\/strong><strong>\u7b2c13\uff0c14\u8282\u8bf4\uff1a<\/strong>\u6b7b\u4e5f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u5b50\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u662f<strong>\u505a\u738b\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e2d\u6587\u5723\u7ecf\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u4ece\u4e9a\u5f53\u5230\u6469\u897f\u6b7b\u505a\u4e86\u738b\uff0c\u8fde\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u72af\u4e00\u6837\u7f6a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e5f\u5728\u5b83\uff08\u6b7b\uff09\u7684\u6743\u4e0b\uff1b<strong>\u3010\u65b0\u8bd1\u672c\u3011<\/strong>\u6b7b\u5c31<strong>\u638c\u6743<\/strong>\u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u6b7b<strong>\u7684\u6743<\/strong>\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is futile to try to evade the direct bearing of this fact upon the view in question. <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5982\u8981\u907f\u5f0014\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u82f1\u6587\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u5f92\u7136\u7684\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6b63\u89c6\u5b83\u3002<strong>If all die because they are guilty of actual transgression, then they die because they sin just as Adam did. <\/strong>\u5047\u5982\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u4e0a\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u884c<\/strong>\u800c\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b7b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u800c\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<strong>But Paul says the reverse<\/strong><strong>\uff1b<\/strong>\u4f46\u662f<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff1b<strong>some died even though they did not sin after the pattern of Adam.<\/strong><strong>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7684\u786e\u786e\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u4e2a\u6837\u5f0f\u6765\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u4e5f\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e09<\/strong>\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531T<strong>he most conclusive refutation of the view in question is <\/strong><strong>\u53cd\u5bf9\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<\/strong>\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f<strong>the explicit and repeated affirmations of the context<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u660e\u6587\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u6240\u5ba3\u544a\u7684\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462<strong>that condemnation and death reign over all because of the <em>one sin<\/em> of the <em>one man <\/em>Adam. <\/strong><strong>\u4eba\u7c7b\u88ab<\/strong>\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b7b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong><em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<\/em><\/strong>\u4e9a\u5f53<strong><em>\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>On at least five occasions in verses 15-19 this is asserted&#8211;<\/strong>\u4ece\u7b2c15\u523019\u8282\u4fdd\u7f57\u81f3\u5c11\u5ba3\u544a\u4e865\u6b21&#8211;\uff08<strong>verse 15<\/strong>\u7b2c15\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>by the trespass of the one the many died<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 16<\/strong><strong>\uff0c16<\/strong>\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>the judgment was from one unto condemnation<\/strong><strong>\uff1b<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u5c31\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 17<\/strong>\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>by the trespass of the one death reigned through the one<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\uff0c\u6b7b\u5c31\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u738b\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 18<\/strong>\u5341\u516b\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>through one trespass judgment came upon all men unto condemnation<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u201d\uff1b\uff08<strong>verse 19<\/strong>\u8282\uff09\u201c<strong>through the disobedience of the one man the many were constituted sinners<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6096\u9006\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u5c31\u88ab\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e3a\u7f6a\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>This reiteration establishes beyond doubt that the apostle regarded the condemnation and death as having passed on to all men by the one trespass of the one man Adam. <\/strong><strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u91cd\u8ff0\uff0c<\/strong>\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4fdd\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u7684<strong>\u8fc7\u72af\u3002This sustained appeal to the one sin of the one man <\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u575a\u6301\u5730\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u72af\u7f6a<strong>rules out the possibility of construing it as equivalent to the actual personal transgressions of countless individuals. <\/strong>\u5c31\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea<strong>\u6240\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\uff0c<\/strong>\u5c31\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u56db<\/strong>\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c<strong>This view is inconsistent with the analogy which supplies the framework of this passage as a whole. <\/strong><strong>\u82e5\u8bf4\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0812\u8282\uff09\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u9879\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u3002<strong>The polemic of this epistle is directed against the thesis that we are justified by works<\/strong>\uff0c\u6574\u5377\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\uff1b<strong>and the doctrine being established is<\/strong> \u800c\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3001\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f<strong>men are justified and attain to life by the righteousness of the one, Jesus Christ. <\/strong>\u4eba\u88ab<strong>\u79f0\u4e49<\/strong>\u3001\u4eba\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684<strong>\u4e49\uff0c<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684<strong>\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e49\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>How contradictory would be the appeal to the parallel obtaining on the side of condemnation and death if Paul finds the basis of the condemnation and death of all in the actual transgression of each individual.<\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u5047\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<\/strong>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u91cc\u9762\u4e0e\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684<strong>\u76f8\u53cd\u4e00\u9762<\/strong>\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5462\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8ddf\u4fdd\u7f57\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If this latter were Paul&#8217;s teaching<\/strong> \u5047\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u662f\u540e\u8005\u7684\u8bdd<strong>here the parallel that would be necessary on the other side would be justified by works<\/strong>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u8fb9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c<strong>that each individual will be justified by his own actions<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49<strong>and attain to life on that basis.<\/strong> \u4e5f\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3002<strong>But we know that this is the reverse of Paul&#8217;s teaching. <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>On these grounds<\/strong> \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u7406\u7531<strong>we must reject the supposition that when Paul says, \u201cin that all sinned\u201d he means the actual voluntary sins of all men. <\/strong><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d<\/strong>\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the Augustinian tradition <\/strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u5728<strong>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<\/strong>\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u91cc\u9762<strong>it has often been maintained that the clause in question refers to original sin<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u662f\u6307<strong>\u539f\u7f6a\uff0cto it that all posterity became depraved in Adam. 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