{"id":15756,"date":"2026-05-04T06:17:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-03T22:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15756"},"modified":"2026-05-04T06:17:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T22:17:17","slug":"%e7%ba%a6%e7%bf%b0%e6%85%95%e7%90%86%e3%80%8a%e7%bd%97%e9%a9%ac%e4%ba%ba%e4%b9%a6%e6%b3%a8%e9%87%8a%e3%80%8b%e5%8d%b71_25%ef%bc%88%e7%bd%975%ef%bc%9a12-13%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15756","title":{"rendered":"\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_25\uff08\u7f575\uff1a12-13\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3df851f8d .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3df851f8d video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3df851f8d { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3df851f8d { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e3df851f8d .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff 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element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6155\u7406\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u53771_25\uff08\u7f575\uff1a12-13\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u5170\u6708\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u7b2c\u516b\u8bb2\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e49\u768463\u9875\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u6700\u540e\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u597d\u50cf<strong>\u7f57\u9a6c<\/strong>\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae023\u8282<strong>\u4e16<\/strong>\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<strong>\u6155\u7406<\/strong>\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u3002\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0<strong>12<\/strong>\u8282\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u662f<strong>\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u8d25\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u6709<strong>\u539f\u7f6a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hence the thought would be <\/strong>\u00a0\u6240\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u6c40\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4<strong>that death penetrated to all because all derived from Adam a corrupt nature<\/strong>\u6b7b\u4e34\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u4ece\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d25\u574f\u7684\u672c<strong>\u6027\u3001\u4eba\u6027and the ground upon which condemnation and death wield their universal sway<\/strong> <strong>is that al<\/strong><strong>\uff0c even infants\uff0c are afflicted with this hereditary taint. <\/strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u638c\u6743\u7684\u6839\u636e\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5a74\u5b69\uff0c\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u6c61\u79fd\u3002<strong>This view stands on more biblical ground than the foregoing<\/strong> . \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6bd4\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is true that all are by nature defiled and depraved by sin<\/strong> \u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f6a\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u88ab\u73b7\u6c61\u4e86\u3001\u88ab\u8d25\u574f\u4e86<strong>and this of itself does entail universal condemnation and death.<\/strong> \u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d25\u574f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002<strong>But there are also good reasons for thinking that this is not the sin the apostle has in mind when he says<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\u201cin that all sinned\u201d.<\/strong> \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u7684\u3002<strong>There are two conclusive objections.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c<strong>It is inconsistent with the repeated affirmation of verses 15-19<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7b2c15-19\u8282\u591a\u6b21\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c15-19\u8282\u575a\u6301\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462<strong>to the effect that condemnation and death came to reign over all by the reason of the one sin of the one man Adam.<\/strong> \u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4e34\u5230\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u3002<strong>This sustained emphasis upon the one trespass of the one man<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u575a\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<strong>does not comport with the notion of original sin or hereditary depravity.<\/strong> \u4e0d\u7b26\u5408<strong>\u539f\u7f6a\uff0c\u6216\u8005<\/strong>\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u8d25\u574f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<strong>The latter cannot by any means be characterized as the one sin of the one man. <\/strong><strong>\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u8d25\u574f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c<strong>It is inconsistent with a parallel which is drawn in this passage as a whole.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u8d25\u574f\u662f\u4e0e\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0812-21\uff09\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bb2\u79f0\u4e49<strong>We are not justified on the ground that we are made inherently righteous.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e49\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u67e5\u8003\u300a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u5377\u4e09\u8bb2\u5230\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u600e\u4e48\u53cd\u9a73\u5965\u897f\u5b89\u8fbe<strong>\u3002\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>But if we are condemned and suffered death because we are depraved and inherently sinful the only analogy or parallel to this would be that we are justified because we become inherently holy.<\/strong> \u4f46\u662f\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d25\u574f\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6765\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And this is plainly not Paul&#8217;s doctrine.<\/strong> \u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002<strong>We are justified and attained to life by the obedience and righteousness of the one<\/strong><strong>\uff0c namely\uff0c Jesus Christ.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u987a\u670d\u548c\u4e49\u800c\u79f0\u4e49\u3001\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e49\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If neither the actual transgressions of men nor the depravity with which all are inflicted will comport with the teaching of this passage<\/strong><strong>\u5047\u5982\u4f17\u4eba\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8d25\u574f\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u6559\u5bfc the question still remains\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f: what sin is in view when Paul says\uff0c \u201cin that all sinned\u201d?<\/strong> \u90a3\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u8bb2\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u5462\uff1f<strong>The following considerations lead to one conclusion<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong> \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6307\u51fa\u597d\u51e0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b7b<strong>for some reason<\/strong> <strong>the one sin of the one man Adam is accounted to be the sin of all.<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u7f6a\u88ab\u5f52\u7b97\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0cIt is unquestionable that the universal sway of death is represented in verse 12 as based upon the fact that \u201call sinned\u201d&#8211;<\/strong> \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u6b7b\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u505a\u738b\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\uff08<u>\u7b2c12\u8282&#8211;\u201c<strong>death passed on to all men on the ground of the fact that all sinned<\/strong> \u201d.\u6b7b\u5c31<strong>\u4e34\u5230<\/strong>\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a12\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002<em>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7248\u6f0f\u6389\u4e86<\/em><\/u>\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09<strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7406\u7531In <\/strong><strong>verses 15-19 <\/strong>\u4ece15-19\u8282<strong>it is asserted with equal clearness <\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u540c\u6837\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5ba3\u544a<strong>that the universal reign of death is based on the one trespass of the one man Adam <\/strong>\u6b7b\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u738b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<strong>and<\/strong><strong>\uff0c in like manner\uff0c universal condemnation is based on the same fact of the one sin of the one man.<\/strong> \u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e5f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\uff0c<strong>We cannot suppose that the apostle is dealing with two different facts when in verse 12 the death of all is grounded upon the sin of all and when in the subsequent verses the death of all is grounded upon the one sin of the one man.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7f57\u572812\u8282\u8ddf\u540e\u6587\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c12\u8282-\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u8282-\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u8bb2\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The whole passage is unit.<\/strong> \u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5168\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002<strong>The central Strand<\/strong> <strong>the analogy that exists <\/strong><strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57<\/strong>\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u601d\u8def\u4e00\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ebf\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<strong>between the passing of condemnation and death to all by the sin of the one man and the passing of justification and life to the justified by the righteousness of Christ.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u4f20\u7ed9\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u628a\u79f0\u4e49\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4f20\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Furthermore <\/strong>\u518d\u8005\uff0c<strong>verse 12 is an unfinished comparison<\/strong> \u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<strong>It would be out of the question to suppose that the apostle<\/strong><strong>\uff0c dealing as he is with the universal reign of death\uff0c should so explicitly and repeatedly affirm in a succeeding verse something quite different from that which he affirms in the unfinished introduction to his argument.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61<strong>\u4ed6<\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u5f53\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u6b7b\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u738b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u9762\u768415-19\u8282\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u8ddf\u524d\u976212\u8282\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If verse 12 were in a context of its own<\/strong> \u5047\u5982\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>context<\/strong><strong>\uff0c and if there were an obvious transition from one subject to another\uff0c<\/strong> \u5047\u5982<strong>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684<\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c<strong>then we might say that in verse 12 he deals with one fact and in verses 15-19 with another.<\/strong> \u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u7b2c12\u8282\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5230\u4e8615-19\u8282\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>We cannot posit such transition<\/strong> \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8f6c\u6298<strong>for the simple reason<\/strong> \u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355<strong>that verse 12 relies upon the succeeding verses to complete the subject which is introduced.<\/strong>\u7b2c12\u8282\u662f\u8981\u9760\u540e\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u8282\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u5f15\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And finally<\/strong><strong>\uff0c as noted earlier\uff0c<\/strong> \u6700\u540e\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c<strong>verse 14 makes it impossible to interpret \u201call sinned\u201d in verse 12 as we might be disposed to interpret it if we stood apart from what follows.<\/strong> \u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u7b2c14\u8282\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4efb\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u3002\u201c<strong>All sinned<\/strong><strong>\u201d cannot mean the actual voluntary transgressions of men <\/strong>\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u4eba<strong>\u5177\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u613f\u6240\u72af\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<strong>because if this were the case Paul would have contradicted himself.<\/strong> \u56e0\u4e3a\u82e5\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5c31\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>For all these reasons<\/strong> <strong>we must conclude<\/strong> \u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<strong>that the \u201call sinned\u201d of verse 12 and the one trespass of the one man of verses 15-19 must refer to the same fact or event<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong> 12\u8282\u7684\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u201d\u548c15-19\u8282\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u5b9e\u4e8b\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0cthat the one fact can be expressed in terms of both singularity and plurality <\/strong>\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u6570\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u590d\u6570\u4f17\u4eba\u6765\u8868\u8fbe<strong>as a sin of the one and a sin of all.<\/strong> \uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And the only solution is<\/strong> \u552f\u4e00\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f<strong>there must be some kind of solidarity existing between the \u201cone\u201d and the \u201call\u201d<\/strong> \u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f17\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u7740\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<strong>solidarity <\/strong><strong>\uff09with the result that<\/strong> \u7ed3\u679c\u662f<strong>the sin of the one may be at the same time and with equal relevance be regarded as the sin of all.<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<strong>What this solidarity is it is not our purpose at present to determine.<\/strong> \u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462?\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>But once the fact of solidarity is appreciated<\/strong><strong>\uff0c <\/strong>\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c<strong>then we understand why the apostle can speak of the one sin and the sin of all.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fdd\u7f57\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u72af\u548c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<strong>We must not tone down either the singularity or the universality.<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b2\u6de1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b2\u6de1\u4f17\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6570\u666e\u4e16\u6027-\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>We are now in the position to grasp the force of the comparison or correspondence implied in the continuative\u00a0 \u201cand so\u201d in verse 12.<\/strong> \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u5230\u7b2c12\u8282\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837<strong>and so<\/strong>\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<strong>A comparison is instituted<\/strong> <strong>between the way in which sin and death <em>entered <\/em>and the way in which they became universal.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u548c\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u5982\u4f55\u904d\u53ca\u5230\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Adam sinned and with sin came death. There is an inevitable sequence.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b7b\u540c\u65f6\u6765\u7684\u662f\u7f6a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u5148\u540e\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002<strong>But the same sequence applies to all.<\/strong> \u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u6307\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u3002<strong>Since the sin of Adam is the sin of all\uff0c<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c<strong>death spreads to all as inevitably as it fell to the lot of Adam and thus entered the world<\/strong> . \u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b7b\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u5fc5\u7136\u4e34\u5230\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6b7b\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5168<strong>\u4e16\u754c<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The immediate sequence exemplified in Adam in the entrance of death applies also to the universal reign of death.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u3001\u6240\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7684\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u5728\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b7b\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a<strong>\u505a\u738b<\/strong>\u3002<strong>The solidarity existing between Adam and posterity<\/strong>\u4e9a\u5f53\u548c\u4ed6\u540e\u88d4\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684<strong> establishes a correspondence between that which is exemplified in the case of Adam himself and that which happens to the whole human race.<\/strong><strong>\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u5462<\/strong>\u5c31\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfbcorrespondence\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<strong>Adam sinned and death entered<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0c\u6b7b\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u4e86\uff0c<strong>in Adam all sinned and therefore death passed through to all.<\/strong> \u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b7b\u5c31\u4e34\u5230\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<strong>This is the force of <\/strong><strong>\u201cand so\u201d.<\/strong> \u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c71\u9875<strong>There is an exact parallel between what occurred in the case of Adam himself and that which occurred in the case of all.<\/strong> \u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u548c\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u3002<strong>And the parallel in this case can only be properly understood if we appreciate the solidarity in sin.<\/strong> \u82e5\u8981\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u4e9a\u5f53\u8ddf\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u3002<strong>Paul says elsewhere<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\uff08I Cor. 15:22)\u201cin Adam all die\u201d.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u6587(<strong>\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66<\/strong>\u7b2c15:22)\u8bf4\u201c\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\u3002<strong>The only adequate explanation is that provided by Romans 5:12 that in Adam all sin.<\/strong> \u552f\u4e00\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u89e3\u91ca(\u89e3\u91ca<strong>\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66<\/strong>15:22)\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66<strong>5:12<\/strong>\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e665:13-14 <strong>Romans 5:13-14<\/strong>\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8bfb\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a<strong>13\u6ca1\u6709\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u7f6a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\uff1b\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f6a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u7f6a\u300214\u7136\u800c\u4ece\u4e9a\u5f53\u5230\u6469\u897f\uff0c\u6b7b\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e86\u738b\uff0c\u8fde\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u72af\u4e00\u6837\u7f6a\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u6743\u4e0b\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e43\u662f\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\u8981\u6765\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u50cf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6155\u7406\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a<strong>13 For until the law sin was in the world; but sin is not imputed when there is no law.14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses<\/strong><strong>\uff0c even over them that had not sinned after the likeness of Adam&#8217;s transgression\uff0c who is a figure of him that was to come.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c72\u987513\uff0c 14\u00a0 At verse 13 begins the parentheses which interrupts the completion of the comparison of verse 12. <\/strong>\u7b2c13\u8282\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62ec\u5f27<strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u62ec\u5f27\u662f<\/strong>\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e8612\u8282\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<strong>As an interruption it must have close bearing upon something stated in the preceding verse<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u5728\u5f71\u54cd12\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<strong>and this is indicated by the conjunction <\/strong><strong>\u201cfor\u201d.<\/strong> \u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u201c<strong>for<\/strong><strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u201cFor until the law sin was in the world\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u76f4\u5230\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f6a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u4e86but sin is imputed when there is no law\u201d. \u4f46\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f6a\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u7b97\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>This verse stands in close relation to verse 14 <\/strong><strong>\u521a\u624d\u8bb2\u7684\u662f<\/strong>\u5341\u4e09\u8282\u4e0e\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\uff0c\u4e0e\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8282\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5bc6\u5207\u7684<strong>and the strong adversative with which the latter begins indicates <\/strong>\u800c\u7b2c14\u8282\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9762\u7684\u7528\u8bcd<strong>adversative <\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u6307\u51fa<strong>that the thought of verse 13 is preparatory to that of verse 14 <\/strong>\u7b2c13\u8282\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e3a\u7b2c14\u8282\u94fa\u8def\u3001\u4f5c\u9884\u5907\u7684<strong>and moves on to verse 14 as expressing what is of particular relevance to the subject.<\/strong> \u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u8282\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8282\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8282\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0e\u5341\u4e09\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u522b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>We must not allow our minds to be diverted from this emphasis<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03<strong>and thus permit the primary purpose of these two verses to escape us.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u907f\u5f00\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u8282\u7ecf\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<strong>The main thought is<\/strong> \u8fd9\u8c05\u89e3\u7ecf\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f<strong>that \u201cdeath reigned &#8230; over those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam&#8217;s transgression\u201d.\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u5341\u56db\u8282\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u201c<\/strong>\u6b7b\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a<strong>\u505a\u738b\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>If this is once recognized<\/strong><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9 then we may ask at the outset\uff1a \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5<\/strong>\u9a6c\u4e0a\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff1a<strong>what bearing does that observation have upon the thought of verse 12<\/strong><strong>\uff1f\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u201c<\/strong>\u6b7b\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a<strong>\u505a\u738b\u201d\u8ddf\u7b2c<\/strong>12\u8282\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u5462\uff1f<strong>The question should not be considered difficult<\/strong> .\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u8270\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>In verse 12 <\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c12\u8282<strong>the doctrine of particular significance to the argument being developed is that death came to all men<\/strong><strong>\uff0c not by reason of their own actual transgression or individual sin but because of the involvement in the sin of Adam\uff0c in other words\uff0c by reason of solidarity sin.<\/strong> \u7b2c12\u8282\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u601d\u8def\u8ddf\u8bba\u636e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u6b7b<strong>\u4e34<\/strong>\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fc7\u72af<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7f6a\u884c<strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\u4e0a\u6709\u4efd\u3002\u6362\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53<strong>\u8ba4\u540c<\/strong>\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>This thesis required in the esteem of the apostle some demonstration<\/strong><strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8bc1\u660eor at least some exemplification to make it apparent.<\/strong> \u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u8ba9\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u90a3\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u3002<strong>Hence he inserted a parenthesis<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u62ec\u5f27<strong>which would make obvious the necessity of this construction of the reason for the universality of death.<\/strong> \u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u8868\u8fbe<strong>\u6b7b\u4e34<\/strong>\u5230\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>And what could be more pertinent than appeal to the fact that death reigned over those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam&#8217;s transgression<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong> <strong>that is to say<\/strong><strong>\uff0c over those who did not voluntarily and overtly violate an expressly revealed ordinance of God <\/strong>\uff1f\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u6700\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fc7\u72af\u90a3\u6837\u5b50\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u505a\u738b\u7684\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709<strong>\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u660e\u8bf4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u6b7b\u4e5f\u662f\u505a\u738b\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c74\u9875\uff0cApparently there was in the background of the apostle&#8217;s thought the other alternative<\/strong> \u660e\u663e\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027<strong>which would be the only plausible one as a rival to the doctrine propounded<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong> <strong>namely<\/strong><strong>\uff0c the alternative that all men die because they transgress as Adam did.<\/strong> \u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u6559\u5bfc\u7684<strong>\u4e89\u7ade<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e6\u7c7b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c<strong>\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>I<strong>t was sufficient for the apostle&#8217;s purpose to appeal to the fact that many died who did not sin as Adam did<\/strong> <strong>and rest the case for the rejection of that other alternative on that fact.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31<strong>\u7ed3\u675f<\/strong>\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u53e6\u5916\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u3002<strong>We discover therefore\u00a0 the direct relevance of the proposition in verse 14 to the main point of verse 12 <\/strong><strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>\u7b2c14\u8282\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7b2c12\u8282\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684<strong>that&#8217;s the point upon which his whole argument is going to turn.<\/strong> \u4fdd\u7f57\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>There is one further observation to be made regarding verse 14 before we turn to the other features of this parenthesis.<\/strong> \u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u5230\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u62ec\u5f27<\/strong>\u91cc\u9762<strong>\u5176\u4ed6<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u3002<strong>It is the force of the concluding clause of verse 14: <\/strong><strong>\u4e43<\/strong>\u662f\u7b2c14\u8282<strong>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u201c<strong>who is the type of the one to come<\/strong> \u201d.\u201c\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e43\u662f\u90a3\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9884\u50cf\u201d<strong>\u3002The reference is plainly to Adam as the type of Christ.<\/strong> \u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5728\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684<strong>\u9884\u8868\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u9884\u8868\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c75\u9875The connection of this with what immediately precedes should not be overlooked<\/strong> . \u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u548c\u524d\u6587\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3002<strong>The apostle had just referred to Adam&#8217;s transgression.<\/strong> \u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u521a\u624d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684<strong>\u8fc7\u72af\u3002That he should in this connection have adduced the fact of Adam&#8217;s typical significance in relationship<\/strong> \u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e9a\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a<strong>\u9884\u8868<\/strong>\u7684<strong>\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8ddf\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5173\u7cfbsuggests that \u5c31\u6697\u793a\u7740Adam&#8217;s transgression provided a parallel or analogy in terms of which the reverse on the part of Christ should be interpreted.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u6b21\u7684<strong>\u8fc7\u72af\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u505a\u7684<\/strong>\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e8b\u7684\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e49\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The reverse in the case of Christ is his obedience<\/strong> \u57fa\u7763\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u7684<strong>\u987a\u670dand\uff0c as we shall see later\uff0c <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u6587\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c<strong>this is placed in antithesis to the transgression or trespass of Adam.<\/strong> <strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/strong>\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684<strong>\u8fc7\u72af<\/strong>\u662f\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>That Paul should have introduced allusion to this fact here<\/strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<strong>\u6697\u6307<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e<strong>throws into relief the relevance of the preceding part of verse 14 to the subject which had been introduced at verse 12;<\/strong> \u5c31\u663e\u51fa\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8282\u4e0a\u534a\u8282\u5bf9\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u8282\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u662f\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1b<strong>it is eminently germane to the whole argument of this passage that death reigned over those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam&#8217;s transgression.<\/strong> \u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u662f\u505a\u738b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>For the apostle is chiefly interested in demonstrating<\/strong> <strong>that men are justified who do not act righteously after the similitude of Christ&#8217;s obedience.<\/strong> \u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u6700\u7ec8\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4eba<strong>\u79f0\u4e49<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u597d\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u90a3\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u987a\u670d\u3002<strong>Hence the appeal to this fact<\/strong> <strong>that death reigned over those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam&#8217;s transgression<\/strong> <strong>has the greatest significance in the total argument of the apostle;<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u90a3\u6837\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u505a\u738b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1b<strong>it contributes to the proof of the assertion in verse 12<\/strong><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31<\/strong>\u8bc1\u660e12\u8282\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u5c31\u662f<strong>that death penetrated to all because they were involved in Adam&#8217;s sin and sinned in him with him.<\/strong> \u5c31\u662f\u6b7b<strong>\u4e34<\/strong>\u5230\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7f6a\u4e0a\u6709\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u3001\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The concluding clause of verse 14 is therefore corroborative<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u7b2c14\u8282\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u52a0\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<strong>and shows how germane this doctrine is to the doctrine of justification &#8212;<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a<strong>\u79f0\u4e49<\/strong>\u8bba\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u4e49\u5462\uff1f&#8211;<strong>Adam is the type of the one to come.<\/strong> \u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u90a3\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u7684<strong>\u9884\u8868<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Having thus discovered the main interest of verses 13<\/strong><strong>\uff0c 14\uff0c the other features of this parentheses may now be considered.<\/strong> 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